新疆农田十字花科主要杂草幼苗分类特征研究

农田杂草危害很大而且是多种病虫害的寄主和传播者 .针对其在幼苗期易于防治 ,以及截获后种子无法鉴定时采用幼苗鉴定的方法等特点 ,本文详细研究了新疆农田 1 6种十字花科主要杂草幼苗的形态特征 ,编制了分种检索表 ,并对照实物绘制了幼苗形态图 ,并进行形态描述 .

基于深度学习的田间玉米幼苗与杂草语义分割研究

为实现复杂田间背景下玉米幼苗和杂草的准确分割,提出了一种基于改进ResNet的语义分割网络模型.首先,对骨干网络进行调整,在保证感受野不变的情况下降低计算量,提高模型的分割精度;其次,引进空洞空间金字塔池化模块,增强模型对多尺度目标上下文信息和全局上下文信息的获取能力;最后,引入条带池化模块补充和完善上下文信息,增强全局语义信息表达.实验结果表明,该模型在自建数据上获得85.3%的平均交并比.对田间复杂环境下玉米幼苗与杂草具有良好的分割效果和泛化能力,研究结果为智能除草设备提供一定的参考.

卷积协同注意力模型下的作物幼苗与杂草识别

在农作物的杂草防治中,部分杂草与作物幼苗的形态相似且颜色相近,导致杂草不易被快速准确识别。针对田间作物幼苗与杂草识别精度不高的问题,提出了一种卷积协同注意力模型(CCA-ViT)。该模型以视觉Transformer模型为基础,采用跨尺度金字塔架构,加强图像浅层信息与深层语义的交互。为提高相似作物与杂草的特征判别能力,在特征提取网络中构建了卷积协同注意力机制,优先关注叶片的纹理和边缘细小特征,获取局部信息注意力权重后协同全局特征进行建模。并在全局建模前引入可移动位置编码捕获感受野的同时降低模型的复杂度。将该模型用于识别小麦、玉米等6种作物幼苗与雀麦、猪殃殃等6种杂草上,识别准确率比同类规模的视觉Transformer模型提高了1.91百分点,达到了97.81%。同时该模型用于田间小麦和玉米幼苗的实际预测准确率也能达到80%以上。体现出该模型可用于复杂背景下具有纹理细小特征的作物幼苗与杂草的识别,能够对形态相似、颜色相近的作物幼苗与杂草进行有效区分。

Effects of Pb Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Weed Species Seeds

Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of Pb stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Chenopodium glaucum and Chenopodium serot-inum L. [Method] With C. glaucum and C. serotinum as the study objects, the ef-fects of different concentrations of Pb on their seed germination and seedling growth, as wel as on the leaf SOD, POD and CAT activity were studied primarily. [Result] The germination potential of both the two kinds of weed seeds increased first and then decreased with the increase of Pb concentration. The germination po-tential of C. serotinum and C. glaucum seeds reached the peak at Pb concentration of 25 and 50 mg/L, respectively. With the increase of Pb treatment concentration, the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of C. serotinum and C. glaucum seeds decreased, and their bud length and root length also reduced gradu-al y. ln overal , the leaf SOD, POD and CAT activity of C. glaucum and C. serot-inum_ seedlings increased first and then decreased with the increased treatment concentration of Pb. The leaf SOD and POD activity of C. glaucum and C. serot-inum seedlings reached the maximum at Pb concentration of 200 and 100 mg/L, respectively, and the leaf CAT activity reached the maximum at Pb concentration of 100 mg/L. [Conclusion] The two Chenopodium species had strong tolerance to Pb stress, and they could be used as alternative accumulator plants of soil Pb contami-nation.

宿根蔗管理要抓“四早”

春暖时节,宿根蔗开始萌发,要夺取高产,必须针对宿根蔗的特点,认真抓好“四早”,以充分发挥宿根蔗的增产潜力。一、早开垄松蔸。开垄松蔸能改善土壤的理化性状,同时还有翻出地下害虫和翻埋杂草幼苗的作用。开垄松蔸的时间,视气候条件而定。桂南地区冬季无霜或少霜,一般在“大寒”以后进行,桂中、桂北可在“立春”以后,但均应力争在“惊蛰”