数字化视野下公共信用治理优化探析

公共信用建设是经济、社会数字化背景下政府在市场监管和社会治理上的创新,在数字技术赋能下展现出建构制度信任、提升执法效能、推动法律规制模式前移的治理价值。但实践中也出现“数字技术+信用法治”良性互动关系未建立、公共信用基础设施薄弱掣肘制度效能发挥、治理中权益保护不足等问题。公共信用治理的优化,须深度融合技术支撑与法治保障:从原则上,一要重构数字技术与信用法治的关系,二要平衡信用权力与信用权益;在路径上,须围绕公共信用治理的目标位阶分步展开,一方面要不断提升政府的公共信用治理能力以改善执法效果,另一方面应嵌入“信用大数据归集-算法及信用评价-信用权益救济”全过程回应信用权益保护需求。

Survey of the Creditor＇s Ability to Collect and Use the Enterprise Information

This paper is concerned with the analysis of the creditor＇s ability to collect, analyze and judge business information, which is a realistic problem for the bank to control the risk of loan effectively. We not only know the bank＇s application of financial and non-financial information during the process of credit extension but also investigate the use of non-financial information by questionnaire. It is discovered that the bank even believes the information that directly acquired by itself while collecting, analyzing and judging the reliability of business information. Through some sensitive information such as the changing of accounts receivable and cash flow and the connection trade, it can predict the potential risk further. In addition, the results show that it is the perfection of internal control system of intermediary （such as accounting firm） and the business enterprise itself that make the bank get the true information of business enterprise.

政府信用解析

本文在梳理与条陈政府信用内涵的基础上,对政府信用的构成要素进行了二级分解和阐释。政府信用的一级构成要素是制度信用、程序信用、权力信用、效率信用,各个一级构成要素又细分为多个二级要素。制度性质的正义性、制定的及时性和贯彻的实效性是制度信用的分解因;程序信用包括行政决策的科学化、政务信息的公开化、行政责任监督的民主化;权力信用分解为政府权限的“正位”、权力约束的法制化、权力威力的内化;服务和法治的行政管理理念、机构设置的合理化、办事规程的简化、承诺服务的细化是效率信用的构成要素。