This paper focuses on some literary expressions of the role of faith in our engagement with things political from the pen of C. S. Lewis, whose writings are distinguished by a combination of intellectual force and ima...This paper focuses on some literary expressions of the role of faith in our engagement with things political from the pen of C. S. Lewis, whose writings are distinguished by a combination of intellectual force and imaginative flair. In an increasingly secular climate, he sought to bring God back into the equation, and it is not surprising to find some current issues addressed within his imaginative representations of a vibrant spiritual reality. His ideas and ideology are inextricably linked to his Christian faith. Several critical essays reflect his interest in both theology and political issues including： the ethical use of technology, civil liberties, ecology, pacifism, and animal rights. This material forms the layers of his science-fiction trilogy which includes themes of spiritual warfare, factions, faith, and a fairy tale ending. His theology was not confined to the disciplines of a particular school of thought and his approach to things political follows no party line. His critical essays and stories are concerned with the practicalities of life, but are never reduced to a merely social gospel; they always have a cosmic dimension.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to challenge the traditional or standard view of the current processes of decentralisation within institutions and administrations, in order to reconstruct the dynamic of such processes in ter...The aim of this paper is to challenge the traditional or standard view of the current processes of decentralisation within institutions and administrations, in order to reconstruct the dynamic of such processes in terms of new values and new rights. Therefore, this paper censures the ＂reductionist＂ vision of decentralisation that envisages it merely as an administrative and institutional event and, in contrast, develops a concept of decentralisation as a social, political, and legal process linked to new constitutional values and new fundamental rights, whereby, it might be included within the sphere of a general theory of rights and take on an important role within this area. This work vindicates the idea that contemporary decentralization must form a part of the historical processes of the generalisation and specification of rights where in the goal is the fulfilment of the following maxim： rights for all and not merely for a few. To achieve this goal, decentralisation can incorporate the instrument of ＂positive discrimination＂ as a ＂strategy for equality＂, which can employ to create ＂specific rights＂ aims primarily at the members of the most vulnerable groups.展开更多
Constitutionally protected rights remove political issues from the control of the democratically elected legislature. Since such rights therefore limit the power of the majority, recent work in rights theory argues th...Constitutionally protected rights remove political issues from the control of the democratically elected legislature. Since such rights therefore limit the power of the majority, recent work in rights theory argues that the constitutional protection of rights is inconsistent with the fundamental democratic idea of government by the people. According to this view, democracies should assign the power to resolve questions regarding the nature and extent of individual rights to the majority. Constitutional attempts to remove such questions from the public agenda, it is argued, are disrespectful to citizens who disagree with the views embodied in the constitutionalized rights. I argue that this critique： （1） is insufficiently attentive to the question of when legislation by the majority constitutes a legitimate exercise of political power; and （2） underestimates the importance of securing the constitutive conditions of democratic self-government.展开更多
In gravity gradient inversion,to choose an appropriate component combination is very important,that needs to understand the function of each component of gravity gradient in the inversion.In this paper,based on the pr...In gravity gradient inversion,to choose an appropriate component combination is very important,that needs to understand the function of each component of gravity gradient in the inversion.In this paper,based on the previous research on the characteristics of gravity gradient components,we propose a reweighted inversion method to evaluate the influence of single gravity gradient component on the inversion resolution The proposed method only adopts the misfit function of the regularized equation and introduce a depth weighting function to overcome skin effect produced in gravity gradient inversion.A comparison between different inversion results was undertaken to verify the influence of the depth weighting function on the inversion result resolution.To avoid the premise of introducing prior information,we select the depth weighting function based on the sensitivity matrix.The inversion results using the single-prism model and the complex model show that the influence of different components on the resolution of inversion results is different in different directions,however,the inversion results based on two kind of models with adding different levels of random noise are basically consistent with the results of inversion without noises.Finally,the method was applied to real data from the Vinton salt dome,Louisiana,USA.展开更多
Property rights have multiple attributes, and these are correlated with national governance. In the West, property rights have the economic function of maximizing efficiency and the political function of rights protec...Property rights have multiple attributes, and these are correlated with national governance. In the West, property rights have the economic function of maximizing efficiency and the political function of rights protection, but in China, they also have a strong social character. With the modernization of national governance, these functions interact with and transform each other. When the state＇s ability to supply public goods is relatively weak, property rights take on more of a social character, meeting public demand for welfare at the grassroots level. When the state is better able to provide public goods, the social function of property rights lessens as their economic function grows. The social character of property rights was the institutional foundation for China, as a huge agrarian state, to realize ＂governance through inaction,＂ and at the same time was the secret key that could break the code to the millennial continuity of Chinese agrarian civilization. Reforms including the collectivization of rural property rights after 1949, the ＂separation of two rights＂ （to collective ownership and household contracted land, with a focus on the latter）, and the ＂separation of three rights,＂ （to collective ownership, household contracts and revitalized land management）. These changes constitute a process in which the economic function of property rights has been growing while their social character has lessened under conditions of national governance modernization.展开更多
Voting procedure is an important mechanism for public choice in international organizations. This paper measures and compares [MF member countries＇ voting power before the 2008 reform and after the 2010 reform on the...Voting procedure is an important mechanism for public choice in international organizations. This paper measures and compares [MF member countries＇ voting power before the 2008 reform and after the 2010 reform on the basis of datasets on IMF quotas and voting rights distribution provided by IMF. Our study verifies that IMF＇s quotas and voting rights reforms do help to reduce the voting power gap among member countries. The 2008 and 2010 reforms produce a greater improvement in emerging members＇ voting power under the 70 percent majority rule than the 85 percent rule; the 70 percent majority rule means the United States would lose its absolute veto. Moreover, the paper disproves the underlying assumption that regards a member＇s voting power as proportional to its voting rights. Countries with different amounts of voting rights can still have the same voting power.展开更多
文摘This paper focuses on some literary expressions of the role of faith in our engagement with things political from the pen of C. S. Lewis, whose writings are distinguished by a combination of intellectual force and imaginative flair. In an increasingly secular climate, he sought to bring God back into the equation, and it is not surprising to find some current issues addressed within his imaginative representations of a vibrant spiritual reality. His ideas and ideology are inextricably linked to his Christian faith. Several critical essays reflect his interest in both theology and political issues including： the ethical use of technology, civil liberties, ecology, pacifism, and animal rights. This material forms the layers of his science-fiction trilogy which includes themes of spiritual warfare, factions, faith, and a fairy tale ending. His theology was not confined to the disciplines of a particular school of thought and his approach to things political follows no party line. His critical essays and stories are concerned with the practicalities of life, but are never reduced to a merely social gospel; they always have a cosmic dimension.
文摘The aim of this paper is to challenge the traditional or standard view of the current processes of decentralisation within institutions and administrations, in order to reconstruct the dynamic of such processes in terms of new values and new rights. Therefore, this paper censures the ＂reductionist＂ vision of decentralisation that envisages it merely as an administrative and institutional event and, in contrast, develops a concept of decentralisation as a social, political, and legal process linked to new constitutional values and new fundamental rights, whereby, it might be included within the sphere of a general theory of rights and take on an important role within this area. This work vindicates the idea that contemporary decentralization must form a part of the historical processes of the generalisation and specification of rights where in the goal is the fulfilment of the following maxim： rights for all and not merely for a few. To achieve this goal, decentralisation can incorporate the instrument of ＂positive discrimination＂ as a ＂strategy for equality＂, which can employ to create ＂specific rights＂ aims primarily at the members of the most vulnerable groups.
文摘Constitutionally protected rights remove political issues from the control of the democratically elected legislature. Since such rights therefore limit the power of the majority, recent work in rights theory argues that the constitutional protection of rights is inconsistent with the fundamental democratic idea of government by the people. According to this view, democracies should assign the power to resolve questions regarding the nature and extent of individual rights to the majority. Constitutional attempts to remove such questions from the public agenda, it is argued, are disrespectful to citizens who disagree with the views embodied in the constitutionalized rights. I argue that this critique： （1） is insufficiently attentive to the question of when legislation by the majority constitutes a legitimate exercise of political power; and （2） underestimates the importance of securing the constitutive conditions of democratic self-government.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2016YFC0303002 and 2017YFC0601701)China Geological Survey Program(No.DD20191007)
文摘In gravity gradient inversion,to choose an appropriate component combination is very important,that needs to understand the function of each component of gravity gradient in the inversion.In this paper,based on the previous research on the characteristics of gravity gradient components,we propose a reweighted inversion method to evaluate the influence of single gravity gradient component on the inversion resolution The proposed method only adopts the misfit function of the regularized equation and introduce a depth weighting function to overcome skin effect produced in gravity gradient inversion.A comparison between different inversion results was undertaken to verify the influence of the depth weighting function on the inversion result resolution.To avoid the premise of introducing prior information,we select the depth weighting function based on the sensitivity matrix.The inversion results using the single-prism model and the complex model show that the influence of different components on the resolution of inversion results is different in different directions,however,the inversion results based on two kind of models with adding different levels of random noise are basically consistent with the results of inversion without noises.Finally,the method was applied to real data from the Vinton salt dome,Louisiana,USA.
基金a phased result of the Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China,"Research on Ways and Conditions for Effective Achievement of Self-government at Community Level"(16AZZ012)a Major Project in the Key Research Base for the Humanities and Social Sciences Fund,Ministry of Education,"Research on the Innovation of Villager Self-Government From the Perspective of‘Conditions-Forms’"(15JJDZONGHE001)
文摘Property rights have multiple attributes, and these are correlated with national governance. In the West, property rights have the economic function of maximizing efficiency and the political function of rights protection, but in China, they also have a strong social character. With the modernization of national governance, these functions interact with and transform each other. When the state＇s ability to supply public goods is relatively weak, property rights take on more of a social character, meeting public demand for welfare at the grassroots level. When the state is better able to provide public goods, the social function of property rights lessens as their economic function grows. The social character of property rights was the institutional foundation for China, as a huge agrarian state, to realize ＂governance through inaction,＂ and at the same time was the secret key that could break the code to the millennial continuity of Chinese agrarian civilization. Reforms including the collectivization of rural property rights after 1949, the ＂separation of two rights＂ （to collective ownership and household contracted land, with a focus on the latter）, and the ＂separation of three rights,＂ （to collective ownership, household contracts and revitalized land management）. These changes constitute a process in which the economic function of property rights has been growing while their social character has lessened under conditions of national governance modernization.
文摘Voting procedure is an important mechanism for public choice in international organizations. This paper measures and compares [MF member countries＇ voting power before the 2008 reform and after the 2010 reform on the basis of datasets on IMF quotas and voting rights distribution provided by IMF. Our study verifies that IMF＇s quotas and voting rights reforms do help to reduce the voting power gap among member countries. The 2008 and 2010 reforms produce a greater improvement in emerging members＇ voting power under the 70 percent majority rule than the 85 percent rule; the 70 percent majority rule means the United States would lose its absolute veto. Moreover, the paper disproves the underlying assumption that regards a member＇s voting power as proportional to its voting rights. Countries with different amounts of voting rights can still have the same voting power.
