“绳环与木杖”——《汉穆拉比法典》石柱上的权标溯源

在著名的《汉穆拉比法典》石柱上方的浮雕中,太阳神端坐于宝座上,手持两件看似圆环和木杖的物品;国王汉穆拉比以祈祷的姿势站立在他对面。国内教科书通常把上述两件物品描绘为两河流域王权的象征物,但它们最初在公元前三千纪晚期是作为测量工具出现的。到汉穆拉比的时代,这对物品才开始与掌管司法的太阳神形象相结合。它们最终演变为王权的标志物则是在公元前1000年之后。

电子商务中抗抵赖协议的研究

电子商务中为确保双方的行为,抗抵赖性具有非常重要的意义。分析比较了目前诸多的基于可信第三方的抗抵赖协议,指出其不足;提出了简单的公平抗抵赖协议(SFNP)。实践表明,该协议在某些属性上,优于诸多抗抵赖协议。

基于优先级组的分布式互斥算法的改进

主要介绍了一种分布式互斥算法的改进方案。首先简要介绍了基于权标的常规算法 ,然后提出了优先级组算法的另一种方案 ,并详细阐述算法的设计思想及其数据结构。本算法最主要的特点是在分布式互斥中引入了优先级和树的概念 。

希拉康坡里王朝及其霸权考——希拉康坡里城市国家研究之一

传统上,古埃及国家以所谓的美尼斯的统一埃及为开端,但是,近年来的考古发现与研究,将埃及国家的形成推前到前王朝时代的末期(约公元前3500—3100年)。在前王朝时代的末期,涅伽达,希拉康坡里等地出现了城镇,形成了城市国家,确立了王权统治。但是,由于文献资料的缺乏,埃及史上最早一批国王的名字和世系,目前还不清楚,甚至后来统一埃及的第一位国王是何许人,至今还有不少争论。希拉康坡里位于尼罗河西岸,上埃及底比斯城南,今之高姆·爱里·阿赫马尔。希拉康坡里是在前王朝末期继涅伽达之后兴起的具有政治、宗教意义的重要古城之一。近一个世纪的考古发掘,不仅清理出希拉康坡里古城的遗址,而且出土的文物给我们研究希拉康坡里的王朝世系与希拉康坡里的霸权,以及埃及统一王国的形成等问题提供了重要的依据。

Quality Synthetic Evaluation of Urea Formaldehyde Foam Substrate in Turf Establishment

[Objective]The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of three kinds of urea formaldehyde foam substrate in tall fescue establishment as well as to study on evaluation of turf quality.[Method]The visual estimates,ecological quality estimates and utility quality estimates were used as the 1st level indicators,and the density,color,texture,uniformity,green period,cover degree,biomass,emergence energy,growth rate and turf-forming time were used as the corresponding 2nd level indicators.With T.L.Satty＇s method Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP） and the fuzzy synthesis evaluation method,the weight ratio of matrix was obtained and the synthetic evaluation result was accorded with facts,then it could be regarded as the satisfying value of weight.[Result]The quality of three covering soil treatments was better than that of uncovering treatment and conventional treatment,the quality synthetic evaluation of F1 was the best,which was about 0.770.[Conclusion]Urea formaldehyde foam substrate showed high quality for turf establishment,which could be further spread and applied.

APPROACH FOR FUZZY MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION-MAKING WITH FUZZY COMPLEMENTARY PREFERENCE RELATION ON ALTERNATIVES

In presented fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making （FMADM） problems, the information about attribute weights is interval numbers and the decision maker （DM） has fuzzy complementary preference relation on alternatives. Firstly, the decision-making information based on the subjective preference information in the form of the fuzzy complementary judgment matrix is uniform by using a translation function. Then an objective programming model is established. Attribute weights are obtained by solving the model, thus the fuzzy overall values of alternatives are derived by using the additive weighting method. Secondly, the ranking approach of alternatives is proposed based on the degree of similarity between the fuzzy positive ideal solution of alternatives （FPISA） and the fuzzy overall values. The method can sufficiently utilize the objective information of alternatives and meet the subjective requirements of the DM as much as possible. It is easy to be operated and implemented on a computer. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the project evaluation in the venture investment.

NEW SHADOWED C-MEANS CLUSTERING WITH FEATURE WEIGHTS

Partition-based clustering with weighted feature is developed in the framework of shadowed sets. The objects in the core and boundary regions, generated by shadowed sets-based clustering, have different impact on the prototype of each cluster. By integrating feature weights, a formula for weight calculation is introduced to the clustering algorithm. The selection of weight exponent is crucial for good result and the weights are updated iteratively with each partition of clusters. The convergence of the weighted algorithms is given, and the feasible cluster validity indices of data mining application are utilized. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-life numerical data with different feature weights demonstrate that the weighted algorithm is better than the other unweighted algorithms.

法西斯

公元前六世纪,罗马人驱逐了国王塔克文后,选出两个首脑,称执政官。每一名执政官都有12个待卫官。侍卫官肩上扛着一束打人的笞棒,中间插着一把斧头,当时作为权标,象征着国家最高长官的权力。这种权标的拉丁文是fasces,译音为"法西斯",

Weighting indicators of building energy efficiency assessment taking account of experts' priority

Analytic hierarchy process(Group AHP) is combined with two different methods of assigning experts' priority to weight indicators in building energy efficiency assessment.One is to assign the experts' priority averagely,and the other is to use cluster analysis to assign experts' priority.The results show that,1) Different expert's priority assigns result in great different weights of indicators in building energy efficiency assessment,therefore,the method of assigning experts' priority should be taken into account carefully while weighting indicators of building energy efficiency assessment using Group AHP;2) Three indicators are found to be overwhelmingly important in residential building energy efficiency assessment in the hot summer and cold winter zone in China.They are 'Outdoor & indoor shadow','Heating & air-conditioning facilities' and 'Insulation of envelope';3) The method combining cluster analysis with Group AHP to weight indicator of building energy efficiency assessment has the advantage of finding overwhelming important indicator,whereas,some less important indicators have a tendency to be ignored.A useful reference is provided for building energy conservation including policy revision and energy efficient residential building design.

Comprehensive Assessment of Seawater Quality Based on an Improved Attribute Recognition Model

The attribute recognition model (ARM) has been widely used to make comprehensive assessment in many engineering fields, such as environment, ecology, and economy. However, large numbers of experiments indicate that the value of weight vector has no relativity to its initial value but depends on the data of Quality Standard and actual samples. In the present study, the ARM is enhanced with the technique of data driving, which means some more groups of data from the Quality Standard are selected with the uniform random method to make the calculation of weight values more rational and more scientific. This improved attribute recognition model (IARM) is applied to a real case of assessment on seawater quality. The given example shows that the IARM has the merits of being simple in principle, easy to operate, and capable of producing objective results, and is therefore of use in evaluation problems in marine environment science.

Study on Conflict of Trademark and Trade Name Right

The trademark right refers to the dominating right that the trademark owners enjoy on the use of the trademark, which is an important intellectual property right. The objects of the trademark right should include all the rights of the use of the trademark, which not only include the registered trademark, but also include the unregistered trademark that has been used. The trade name is the logo of the legal persons or other organizations in the civil and commercial activities to mark themselves and differ from others.

Risk and Intellectual Property in Technical Standard Competition： A Game Theory Perspective

Technical standard is typically characterized by network effect.The key point for a technical standard is the consumers' choice,which is based on consumers' maximum benefits.When a technical standard becomes a national standard,its interests have been integrated into the national interests.National interests are divided into economic profits and security factors.From the perspective of consumers' choice,this paper deals with the main factors which affect the result of technical standard competition- the risk and profits of intellectual property based on the assumption of bounded rationality and dynamic game theory.

Analysis and Suggestions on Standardization and Intellectual Property Strategy

The Outline of National Intellectual Property Strategy has brought opportunitiesand challenges for standardization in China.On the basis of analysis on international trends regardinginclusion of intellectual property rights in standards,this paper reviews achievements incombination of standardization and intellectual property in Jiangsu over recent years,andmakes some suggestions for future work.

Fractal Nonstandard American Option Pricing Model

The empirical study shows that the return rate of the stock price has a long memory, which can be described by fractal Brown motion. The fact that fractal Brown motion does not have the characteristics of Markov makes the American option value depends on the price change path of the underlying asset. And the ordinary American option pricing model underestimates the American option value. In order to fully reflect the long memory of the underlying asset return rates, we propose fractal American option pricing model, fractal Bermuda option pricing model, and a fractal combination of American option pricing model. Fractal American option value is greater than the ordinary American option value.

Implementation of Standardization and Intellectual Property Strategy

Inclusion of intellectual property in standards brings importantchanges to the global competition model.Based on the furious international circumstances,Outline of the National Intellectual Property Strategy was published in2008,indicating the strategic direction of intellectual property involved in standards.This article analyzes relative items from innovation and standard strategy implemen-tation aspects,and makes some suggestions.

Effective Way of Finding Common Eigenvectors of Center-of-Mass Coordinate and Mass-Weighted Relative Momenta of Multi-Partite via IWOP Technique

We present a convenient approach to finding multi-partite entangled state with continuum variables, which is the common eigenvectors of center-of-mass coordinate and mass-weighted relative momenta, by decomposing the normally ordered Gaussian-form operator expressing the completeness relation which is constructed by analyzing the eigenvector equations. The whole derivation is based on the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators.

Strengthening Protection Of Proprietary Intellectual Property Rights and Implementation of Technology Standard Strategies

This article focuses on the current situation in technical research and development （R＆D） and proprietary intellectual property rights （IPRs） in China. Based on the situation of Far East Cable Company, it analyzes the significance of strengthening the protection of proprietary IPRs and implementing a strategy for technology standards and then discusses the actual work and future arrangement of proprietary IPRs and technology standard strategies. It points out that the enhancement of proprietary IPRs protection and implementation of technology standard strategies is the only way for enterprises to remain competitive.

Studies on the Weight Algorithm on Seafarers＇ Competence Assessment Index

The purpose for seafarers＇ competence assessment is to evaluate the practical operational ability of the applicants and the weight of the index directly influences the accuracy of the assessment results. This paper takes the assessment of route making as an example, makes use of the analytic hierarchy process in determining the weight of the indexes to provide theoretical reference for the perfection of seafarers＇ competence assessment.

Promotion of Industrial Development through Combination of Standards with Intellectual Property Strategy

The combination of standards and IPR (intellectual property rights) plays a key rolein industrial development in the knowledge economy era.This paper analyses the effects andchallenges that inclusion of IPR into standards brings to our industry.The paper concludes withsome advice on how to promote our industries.

The Effect of Word of Mouth in Customer Equity and Brand Equity

In this paper the author examines the extent to which word of mouth （WOM） impact on customer equity and brand equity, two of the most popular metrics of marketing productivity. WOM is the most ancient and effective communication tool because its low cost affects the efficiency in the allocation of marketing resources. After an extensive literature review, the author proposes several propositions to be tested in the future concerning how WOM might affect each element of brand equity and customer equity.