论中国准政府部门的属性

中国特定政治经济制度约束下的准政府部门现象是社会转型和政府治理模式演进的现实反映。与主流认识的其他相关概念相比,我国准政府部门与其既存在一致性,又有较大的差异性。其属性大致可以界定为组织性、非营利性、公益(互益)性、依附性、公共权能性和非竞争性等方面。长期地看,我国准政府部门将在既定的制度空间中渐进地得以发展。

政府促进公平分配权力的体系性思考

对社会财富分配规则进行研究,从中提炼能够统辖所有分配规则的抽象的权力范畴,可以提升有关优化收入分配结构、促进收入公平分配的法律问题的理论研究深度。散见于社会财富三次分配中的货币发行权、公共投资收益权、政府采购决定权以及劳动力定价权、征税权、财政补贴决定权、社会保障支出权、税式支出权等一系列权力,可以提炼为公平分配促进权,包括基础性权能和调控性权能的二重结构,各种权力协调运行有助于促进社会财富公平分配。

胡塞尔论感知意识的视域结构

视域性是意识行为的一个本质特征。目前学界对感知意识之视域结构的研究主要集中于内视域和外视域。本文将依据新近出版的胡塞尔著作,结合新近有关“弱想象”的研究成果,力图呈现一幅关于感知视域的更全面的图景。本文第一部分将展示感知意识视域结构和功能的基础滞留和前摄;第二部分分析由感知的本质构成要素“动感”所构成的身体权能的视域,胡塞尔在此区分的动感的两种基本功能对于接下来的阐述具有根本性的指导意义;第三部分分析视域意向性与身体权能性视域的共同作用,内视域和外视域即是由这种共同作用形成的一种视域的可能性;第四部分引入由“弱想象”构成的情景式想象的视域,最后将考察上述几种视域共同作用时的情形。

A Multi-model Approach for Soft Sensor Development Based on Feature Extraction Using Weighted Kernel Fisher Criterion

Multi-model approach can significantly improve the prediction performance of soft sensors in the process with multiple operational conditions.However,traditional clustering algorithms may result in overlapping phenomenon in subclasses,so that edge classes and outliers cannot be effectively dealt with and the modeling result is not satisfactory.In order to solve these problems,a new feature extraction method based on weighted kernel Fisher criterion is presented to improve the clustering accuracy,in which feature mapping is adopted to bring the edge classes and outliers closer to other normal subclasses.Furthermore,the classified data are used to develop a multiple model based on support vector machine.The proposed method is applied to a bisphenol A production process for prediction of the quality index.The simulation results demonstrate its ability in improving the data classification and the prediction performance of the soft sensor.

ANALYSIS OF WEIGHTED NON-COHERENT RECEIVER FOR UWB-OOK SIGNAL IN MULTIPATH CHANNELS

Non-coherent receivers are attractive for pulsed Ultra-WideBand (UWB) systems due to the implementation simplicity. However, they have to face the shortage of performance degradation. Several techniques were proposed to alleviate the noise effect and promote the receiver performance, among which is the weighted combining of multiple integration sub-intervals. In this paper, the performance of the weighted non-coherent receiver for UWB On-Off Keying (UWB-OOK) signal in multipath channels is analyzed, in terms of bit-error-rate. In addition, a closed-form expression of the approximately near-optimal weighting coefficient set is derived, and two simple weighting coefficient sets are proposed as well. Finally, the analytic results are verified via the computer simulations, which reveal obvious performance improvements to the conventional energy detector.

A new channel allocation scheme and performance optimizing for mobile multimedia wireless networks

A multimedia channel allocation scheme is proposed and studied in terms of the connection-level QoS.A new traffic model based on multidimensional Markov chain is developed considering the traffic characteristic of two special periods of time.And the pre-emptive priority strategies are used to classify real-time services and non-real-time services.Real-time service is given higher priority for its allowance to pre-empt channels used by non-real-time service.Considering the mobility of persons in a day,which affects the mobile user's density,the simulation was conducted involving the two pre-emptive priority strategies.The result of some comparisons shows the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

Variable step-size affine projection algorithm based on global speech absence probability for adaptive feedback cancellation

A novel approach is proposed for improving adaptive feedback cancellation using a variable step-size affine projection algorithm(VSS-APA) based on global speech absence probability(GSAP).The variable step-size of the proposed VSS-APA is adjusted according to the GSAP of the current frame.The weight vector of the adaptive filter is updated by the probability of the speech absence.The performance measure of acoustic feedback cancellation is evaluated using normalized misalignment.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach has better performance than the normalized least mean square(NLMS) and the constant step-size affine projection algorithms.

SOE Ownership Diversification and Environmental Performance

Based on the panel data of China's 34 industrial sectors during 2005-2013, this paper tests the water pollution effects of SOE ownership diversification in China. The result shows that in general, greater state ownership and less private ownership in a sector will lead to lower water pollution intensity. Test of threshold effect shows that, irrespective of its current level, an increase in state ownership helps improve the environment by different degrees. When pollution intensity is low, ownership diversification helps reduce pollution intensity; when pollution intensity is high, state ownership is the optimal choice for mitigating pollution. This paper's findings suggest that while advancing the mixedownership reform of SOEs, China cannot relax the environmental responsibilities of SOEs, and still less should economic interests override environmental concerns.

Implementation and Evaluation of Dynamically Weighted Low Complexity Fair Queuing(DWLC-FQ) Algorithm for Packet Scheduling in WiMAX Networks

Services provided by internet need guaranteed network performance. Efficient packet queuing and scheduling schemes play key role in achieving this. Internet engineering task force(IETF) has proposed Differentiated Services(Diff Serv) architecture for IP network which is based on classifying packets in to different service classes and scheduling them. Scheduling schemes of today's wireless broadband networks work on service differentiation. In this paper, we present a novel packet queue scheduling algorithm called dynamically weighted low complexity fair queuing(DWLC-FQ) which is an improvement over weighted fair queuing(WFQ) and worstcase fair weighted fair queuing+(WF2Q+). The proposed algorithm incorporates dynamic weight adjustment mechanism to cope with dynamics of data traffic such as burst and overload. It also reduces complexity associated with virtual time update and hence makes it suitable for high speed networks. Simulation results of proposed packet scheduling scheme demonstrate improvement in delay and drop rate performance for constant bit rate and video applications with very little or negligible impact on fairness.

Onsite Testing of Ammonium Oxalate Treatment Applied to Historical Salt-Infested Limestone

Ammonium oxalate treatment, previously extensively studied on limestone in the laboratory, was applied to powdering historical stonework （limestone） situated on the shoreline in the Mediterranean Island of Malta. This paper presents the results obtained from onsite testing that aimed at evaluating the treatment in terms of its aesthetic performance, the depth of treatment, the mechanical properties of the consolidated stone and the influence on water transport. To this end, the testing program included colorimetry, DRMS （drilling resistance measurement system） and water absorption through the contact sponge method. This study is Part One of the final phase of a wider research program which included two previous phases progressing from treating this same very porous stone type in a laboratory-based controlled environment to uncontrolled site conditions, seeking to quantify this treatment＇s effectiveness in the field. Results showed that onsite consolidation was achieved and that although some changes in colour and water absorption were brought about by the treatment, these were within acceptable tolerance limits. Besides carrying out these treatments and evaluations directly on the coast, this study anticipates further studies which will look at rural and urban sites where the types and concentrations of salts are expected to be different.

Effects of material properties on power spinning process of parts with transverse inner rib

Material properties of blank have a great effect on power spinning process of aluminum alloy parts with transverse inner rib.By using finite element(FE) and Taguchi method,the effects and significance of five key material parameters,namely,anisotropic index in thickness direction,yield strength,hardening exponent,strengthening factor and elastic modulus on the formability of inner rib,tendency of wall fracture and degree of inhomogeneous deformation of finished spun parts were obtained.The achievements provide an important guide for selecting reasonable spinning material,and are very significant for the optimum design and precision control of power spinning process of parts with transverse inner rib.

Simulation and Optimization of Furrow Irrigation by the Model SASlS： Sensibility to the Spatial and Temporal Weighted Factors

The surface irrigation systems are the most used not just in Brazil, but in the whole world mainly due to the economy of energy and its operation easiness; however, these systems present low levels of performance, usually, as a consequence of inadequate design and management. Thus, the objective of this research was to develop a tool capable to make possible the simulation and optimization of the continuous flow furrow irrigation performance, making successive simulations of the advance phase and respective prognostics of the performance parameters of the irrigation system. The proposed model is denominated SASIS, ＂Software Applied to Simulation of the Surface Irrigation＂, and had its validation tested for different field conditions. In this paper, the simulation and the optimization of the furrow irrigation by the model SASIS are evaluated regarding to the spatial （4） and temporal （0） weighted factors, which account for the nonlinear variation in the surface and subsurface flow profiles. The analysis of the sensitivity of simulation of the advance phase in the irrigation identified ranges of combinations between spatial and temporal weighted factors of the surface and subsurface flow profiles, resulted in acceptable discrepancies between simulated and measured advance time. Also it was verified that conjugated effect of these weighted factors on the simulation of the advance phase was greater than the effect of the temporal weighted factor. The model presents effective mechanisms in the accomplishment of countless simulations, in a discharge strip understood between the minimum and the maximum allowable values, aiming to determine the relationship between discharge and water application efficiency, deep percolation and runoff rates, and consequently to optimize the performance of the furrow irrigation systems with continuous flow.

Questioning the Media： The Role of Yemeni Media in the Youth Revolution

This article investigates the role of national television channels ＂NTC＂ toward what has been termed ＂Yemeni Youth-and-Popular Revolution＂. It employs the main principles of professional and ethical journalistic practices. The article argues that NTC coverage for this revolution sometimes goes beyond informing people to other forms of propaganda. It concludes that professional and ethical media performance would better serve the interests of Yemeni audiences, including their desire for bringing change. Moreover, ownership is not the only issue when it comes to free press and the right to communication. However, establishing a stable system for media performance based on consensual rules on one hand, and professionalism and ethics, on the other, is fundamental for media reform in Yemen.

Equity-Based Sukuk： Robust Performance of Musharakah and Mudharabah Contract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the robust performance of equity-based sukuk in Malaysia, that is, Musharakah and Mudharabah contract. Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions （AAOIFI）, as an international standard-setting organization for Islamic finance, raised an issue that 85% issuances of Musharakah and Mudharabah sukuk have breached the shariah rulings and do not comply with Islamic principles （AAOIFI, 2002）. Consequently, the performance of equity-based sukuk in Malaysia was affected. This study used a secondary data for size of issuances which are gathered from Bank Negara Malaysia （BNM）＇s Bond Info website and Securities Commission （SC） website. The performance of equity-based sukuk, either Musharakah or Mudarabah, is robust in the study year period of 2000-2012 as regards their sizes of issuances.

A procedural study of building up a performance evaluation indicator system of intellectual property protection

The intellectual property protection, whether judicial or administrative, is evaluated through a performance evaluation indicator system. To building up such a system, we must follow certain working procedures which usually consist of four steps： to determine the performance objectives, to design the structure of indicator system, to specify the indicators and to set up the weight of indicators. Each step plays a different role in performance evaluation indicator system and has its own impact on the realization of performance evaluation objectives respectively. So the scientifically building up a performance evaluation indicator system is the key to determine whether the intellectual property is protected well or not.

The exploration of middle managers＇ performance evaluation indicators

The core role of middle managers in the enterprises, plays an important role in the whole enterprise. Yet all round the teacher talked about a lot of companies, including layer of managers＇ performance status is not as good as executives expected. This paper mainly studies the present enterprise, the real role of middle managers, and their performance status, and middle managers in the performance of the existing problems and the analysis of the present situation of the listed in the reason, and put forward relevant countermeasures according to the actual situation. The results show that the middle managers performance evaluation become a mere formality, most managers see performance appraisal as a burden and form; Middle managers set of assessment index and the use of problems; The right job analysis is the key to design middle managers performance evaluation indicators; In the proper selection of performance indicators is significant for middle managers to improve performance; Performance indicators weights allocation to improve the teaching quality of middle managers performance influence; Design middle tube is the main body of performance appraisal index of middle performance increase.

关于马克思主义自由论当代建构的几点思考

马克思主义自由论的当代建构,应超越"赋权型自由",追求"权能性自由",即不仅强调赋予社会成员自由的权利,还强调赋予其自由的能力和实力,保障自由的物质基础以及身体健康和生命前提;应摆脱政府权力相对于个体的"必要的恶"的设定,追求"公权力塑造",发挥好公权力保障大多数人的自由的积极作用;自由的主体应该是"关系型个体"而不是"独立型个人",大多数人的自由不是只依靠保障个体权利就能实现,最终要通过人与人之间各种关系的理顺才能实现;个人自由与国家利益、社会利益会出现矛盾,但也不能把国家、社会当成与个人自由相对立的外在力量,实现大多数人的自由,还是应落脚到"真正的共同体"的构建上。

Effects of Robinia pseudoacacia on the undergrowth of herbaceous plants and soil properties in the Loess Plateau of China

Aims The introduction of Robinia pseudoacacia(RP)has some effects on undergrowth herbaceous plants(UH),soil properties and their relationships,which may be related to the vegetation zone.However,few studies have tested effects of RP on UH and soil over a large-scale area of the Loess Plateau.Methods The study area consisted of three vegetation zones(the steppe,forest-steppe and forest zone).Two canopy plant types were selected:RP stands and adjacent native vegetation.We measured five leaf functional traits:leaf carbon content(LC),leaf nitrogen content(LN),leaf phosphorus content(LP),specific leaf area(SLA)and leaf tissue density(LTD).The functional diversity,species diversity and community-weighted mean(CWM)traits were calculated.Important Findings(i)CWM.LN,CWM.LP and CWM.SLA increased significantly,whereas CWM.LC and CWM.LTD decreased significantly in the three vegetation zones,compared with the native communities.(ii)Species diversity,functional diversity and community biomass decreased in the steppe zone,increased in the forest zone,and did not differ significantly in the forest-steppe zone.(iii)We found only soil organic carbon(P<0.05)and soil total nitrogen(P<0.05)in the forest zone decreased significantly compared with the native plots.(iv)The relationship between UH and soil properties was affected by RP and the vegetation zone.Overall,the effect of RP on UH and soil properties was associated with the vegetation zone.This result is of great significance to the planning of restoration and reconstruction of artificial forests in the Loess Plateau.

Fuel-optimal trajectory design using solar electric propulsion under power constraints and performance degradation

The fuel-optimal transfer trajectories using solar electric propulsion are designed considering the power constraints and solar array performance degradation.Three different performance degradation models including linear,positive and negative exponential degradations are used in the analysis of three typical rendezvous missions including Apophis,Venus and Ceres,respectively.The optimal control problem is formulated using the calculus of variations and Pontryagin’s maximum principle,which leads to a bang-bang control that is solved by indirect method combined with a homotopic technique.In demonstrating the effects of the power constraints and solar array performance degradation on the power budget and fuel consumption,the time histories of the power profile and the fuel consumptions are compared for the three missions.This study indicates that it is necessary to consider the power constraints and solar array performance degradation for the SEP-based low-thrust trajectory design,espacially for long-duration outbound flights.

A National Governance Perspective on the Transformation of Rural Property Rights： The Chinese Experience

Property rights have multiple attributes, and these are correlated with national governance. In the West, property rights have the economic function of maximizing efficiency and the political function of rights protection, but in China, they also have a strong social character. With the modernization of national governance, these functions interact with and transform each other. When the state＇s ability to supply public goods is relatively weak, property rights take on more of a social character, meeting public demand for welfare at the grassroots level. When the state is better able to provide public goods, the social function of property rights lessens as their economic function grows. The social character of property rights was the institutional foundation for China, as a huge agrarian state, to realize ＂governance through inaction,＂ and at the same time was the secret key that could break the code to the millennial continuity of Chinese agrarian civilization. Reforms including the collectivization of rural property rights after 1949, the ＂separation of two rights＂ （to collective ownership and household contracted land, with a focus on the latter）, and the ＂separation of three rights,＂ （to collective ownership, household contracts and revitalized land management）. These changes constitute a process in which the economic function of property rights has been growing while their social character has lessened under conditions of national governance modernization.