秦巴山区生态系统服务权衡-协同关系

权衡—协同关系时空分布及其演化机制分析有助于量化生态系统服务。当前,秦巴山区生态系统研究主要集中于刻画单个生态系统服务的演变和两两生态系统服务之间的关系,缺少对多种生态系统服务之间相互作用和演化机制的分析,致使多个生态系统之间的复杂作用机制及其影响因素不能得到全面认识。本文基于多源数据与综合模型,采用空间相关分析、线性回归等方法对秦巴山区1995—2015年的土壤保持量、生境质量、净初级生产力和食物供给服务进行估算,揭示了四种生态系统服务功能的时空格局与权衡—协同关系,并分析了这种关系演变背后的驱动机制。结果表明:(1)近20年秦巴山区土壤保持量、生境质量和净初级生产力的生态系统服务高值多出现在水热条件较好的山区,低值主要集中在盆地区域,食物供给则呈现相反的空间分布规律;(2)多个生态系统服务之间的权衡关系主要体现在生境质量下降而净初级生产力、食物供给增加,协同关系主要体现在净初级生产力、土壤保持量和食物供给的同步增加,区域发展建议注重动植物栖息地保护与生物多样性维持;(3)生态系统服务变化的主要原因是林地和耕地的相互转化,气温变化对净初级生产力和食物供给服务的影响大于降水。本研究可为秦巴山区生态健康发展提供理论依据和决策支撑。

Spatio-temporal Pattern of Multifunction Tradeoffs and Synergies of the Rural Landscape:Evidence from Qingpu District in Shanghai

The configuration of a multifunctional rural landscape is critical for its protection.Although studies on multifunctional rural landscapes have been conducted,there is a lack of information regarding the spatiotemporal characteristics and tradeoff/synergy relationships of rural landscape functions in the time series on the administrative unit scale.The purposes of this study were to(1)analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the tradeoff and synergy from the perspective of multifunctionality for efficient use of rural landscape resources and(2)formulate regional sustainable development policies to minimize the conflict between people and nature.Aiming at the scientific representation of landscape function and the quantification of landscape multifunctional relationships,and by taking Qingpu District of Shanghai as an example,six kinds of rural landscape functions were constructed according to the functional framework of"productive function,living function and ecological function".Based on the data for 1980 to 2018,the characteristics of variations of multifunctional tradeoff and synergy relationships of the rural landscape in 184 administrative villages were studied by the methods of Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation.The following results were obtained.1)The fine division of rural landscape function types was realistic and necessary for analyzing the regional multi-function relationships in the regions with rapid development.In the process of rapid urbanization,the rural landscape functions of urban suburban areas changed under the combined action of natural resource endowment,social and economic conditions and other internal and external factors.As a result,the agricultural production function could not replace the economic development function and become the function of rural landscape production.The research results of Qingpu District showed that the agricultural production function was no longer the primary functional form,yet the economic development function became the dominant function in this area.2)Temporal and spatial analysis methods of rural landscape functions can accurately and comprehensively reflect the evolution of the characteristics of multifunction tradeoffs and synergies.According to the Spearman rank correlation analysis of the multifunction value of the rural landscape in the time dimension,the results masked the differences of resource and environment carrying capacity caused by the differences of regional landscape resource endowment in the spatial dimension.3)The spatial and temporal differences of the multi-functional tradeoffs and synergies of the rural landscape in Qingpu District from 1980 to 2018 were significant.There was significant heterogeneity of tradeoffs and synergies between functions in the spatial pattern,with clustering characteristics.Meanwhile,as for the temporal pattern,the tradeoffs and synergies of functions changed differently in terms of Moran’s I and the correlation coefficient.The results of this study can provide scientific references for urban-suburban-rural space reconstruction and regional sustainable development.

Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Trade-offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Typical Mountain Areas of China

Mountain area accounts for a high proportion of the land area in China,and it is the focal area to solve the contradiction of imbalanced regional development,as well as an important source of ecosystem services.Therefore,this area has been facing long-term pressure and challenges in economic development and ecological protection.In this paper,we selected a rocky desertification mountain area,an active mountain area of new tectonic movement and a typical northern earth-rock mountain area,as Qian-Gui karst Mountain area,Hengduan Mountain area and Taihang Mountain area,as examples to represent three main types of mountain areas.Three representative types of ecosystem services,including NPP(Net Primary Productivity)as a support service,water conservation as a regulation service,and agricultural produce as a supply service,were incorporated into this study.Linear regression,correlation analysis and other methods were then used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of the trade-offs and synergies in each of the three kinds of mountain areas during 1990-2015 in China.The analysis yielded three main conclusions for the three mountainous areas.(1)The agricultural produce supply service decreased relatively,while the support and regulation services of NPP and hydrological regulation increased significantly.(2)There was a synergistic relationship between NPP and the hydrological regulation services in the three mountainous areas.The synergistic relation in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became enhanced,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas became weakened,and the former was weakened to a greater extent.There was a trade-off between NPP,the hydrological regulation service and the agricultural produce supply service among the three mountainous areas.In particular,the trade-off between NPP and the agricultural produce supply service in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became weaker,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas were enhanced,and the latter was enhanced to a greater degree.(3)Significant spatial differentiation was evident in the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services among the three mountain areas.

Exploring the Scale Effects of Trade-offs and Synergies of Multifunctional Cultivated Land——Evidence from Wuhan Metropolitan Area

The purpose of this paper is to explore the trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land(MCL) at multiple scales. The study area is Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China. The entropy method and the method of Spearman’s rank correlation were employed for the analysis of combined land use/cover data, administrative division data, population data and statistical yearbook data, from the multi-scale perspectives of cities, counties and townships. The results showed that:(1) The multi-functionality of cultivated land had obvious spatial differences and its overall spatial patterns were relatively robust, which did not change very much at the single scale.(2) At each single scale, the MCL’s trade-offs and synergies had spatial heterogeneity.(3) Scale effects existed in the MCL’s trade-offs and synergies. From the prefecture-level city scale, to the county scale, and to the township scale, the MCL’s trade-offs were changed to synergies, and some synergic relationships were enhanced. This article contributes to the literature by deepening the multiscale analysis of trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land. The conclusions might provide a basis for helping policy-makers to implement protection measures for the multi-functionality of cultivated land at the right spatial scale, and to promote the higher-level synergies of multifunctional cultivated land to realize its sustainable use.

Trade-off and Synergy Relationships of Ecosystem Services and Driving Force Analysis based on Land Cover Change in Altay Prefecture

Altay Prefecture plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in Northwest China.Studying the ecosystem service value is of great significance for promoting regional green high-quality development and maintaining ecological security.Based on Global ESA land cover data from 2000 to 2015,the trade-off and synergy relationships and driving force factors between ecosystem services in Altay Prefecture were analyzed in this study.The analysis produced four main results.(1)The ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture continued to increase from 113.521×10^(9) yuan in 2000 to 115.777×10^(9) yuan in 2015,for an increase of about 1.98%.(2)The distribution of ecosystem service value had obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics,with hot spot areas mainly concentrated in the"two rivers and one lake"and the mountainous areas in the northwest,while the cold spot areas were mainly the forest and grass-covered areas in the northern mountainous areas and within Jimunai County.(3)The trade-off and synergy relationship among ecosystem services was mainly synergistic,with a total of 77.78% of ecosystem service relative relationships showing a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level.(4)Economic factors and industrial structure are important factors affecting ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture.Ecosystem service value is positively correlated with per capita GDP and the output value of the tertiary industry,but negatively correlated with the output value of the secondary industry.