我国机车从技术仿制到自主创新的迭代过程中,南北厂家造型设计差异明显,风格变化急剧,系统识别度弱,梳理新中国成立后列车造型语言流变意象,有助于形成国产列车设计语言,提升形象。通过筛选机车造型样本,搜集机车形貌评价数据,依托连续...我国机车从技术仿制到自主创新的迭代过程中,南北厂家造型设计差异明显,风格变化急剧,系统识别度弱,梳理新中国成立后列车造型语言流变意象,有助于形成国产列车设计语言,提升形象。通过筛选机车造型样本,搜集机车形貌评价数据,依托连续词袋模型(Continuous Bag of Words,CBOW)生成机车感性评价词汇表和特征维度,从视觉、效用、情感3个维度构建感性意象评价因子,利用主成分分析法对各时期机车造型意象评价及权重演变趋势进行分析,发现国产机车意象因子曲线呈平稳与波动两种状态,而无色-彩色、功能-装饰、平稳-动感为权重活跃感性因子,通过操控这3类感性因子的权重活跃度,可实现对列车设计语言意象的有效调控。展开更多
The weighted graphs, where the edge weights are positive numbers, are considered. The authors obtain some lower bounds on the spectral radius and the Laplacian spectral radius of weighted graphs, and characterize the ...The weighted graphs, where the edge weights are positive numbers, are considered. The authors obtain some lower bounds on the spectral radius and the Laplacian spectral radius of weighted graphs, and characterize the graphs for which the bounds are attained. Moreover, some known lower bounds on the spectral radius and the Laplacian spectral radius of unweighted graphs can be deduced from the bounds.展开更多
文摘我国机车从技术仿制到自主创新的迭代过程中,南北厂家造型设计差异明显,风格变化急剧,系统识别度弱,梳理新中国成立后列车造型语言流变意象,有助于形成国产列车设计语言,提升形象。通过筛选机车造型样本,搜集机车形貌评价数据,依托连续词袋模型(Continuous Bag of Words,CBOW)生成机车感性评价词汇表和特征维度,从视觉、效用、情感3个维度构建感性意象评价因子,利用主成分分析法对各时期机车造型意象评价及权重演变趋势进行分析,发现国产机车意象因子曲线呈平稳与波动两种状态,而无色-彩色、功能-装饰、平稳-动感为权重活跃感性因子,通过操控这3类感性因子的权重活跃度,可实现对列车设计语言意象的有效调控。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11101027,11071115,10971114,10990011,11171097)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.2011JBM136)
文摘The weighted graphs, where the edge weights are positive numbers, are considered. The authors obtain some lower bounds on the spectral radius and the Laplacian spectral radius of weighted graphs, and characterize the graphs for which the bounds are attained. Moreover, some known lower bounds on the spectral radius and the Laplacian spectral radius of unweighted graphs can be deduced from the bounds.
