“麻杆儿”的烦恼

我今年上五年级了，身高已经有1米62了，可是体重还不到70斤，标准的一＂席秆儿”!因为长得又高又瘦，同学们都喊我“豆芽儿”，真叫人烦恼!我常常因为这“麻秆儿”体型而买不到合适的衣服。往往在大小长短正好,但就是太肥;

父亲的烟杆儿

父亲不擅喝酒，也不爱棋牌娱乐，惟一喜欢的就是叼着一根烟杆儿伺候地里的庄稼，风里来雨里去，从不停下忙碌的脚步。

“被吸引”和“被包围”——浅析《孩子王》的改编

影片《孩子王》改编自阿城的同名小说。改编在故事情节上可以说是非常忠实原著的,取舍也得当。可是看过之后就会发现,它实际上已经离小说很远了。一。

富平方言的把字句

富平县位于陕西省中部,现属渭南市管辖,其方言属于中原官话关中片。富平话把字句的使用频率大大高于普通话。本文主要从四个方面讨论富平话的把字句:一、处置式把字句和非处置式把字句;二、把字句的否定式;三、把字句与教字句的套合句式;四、相关的两个问题。

乡村视野下20世纪二三十年代豫南匪患综论

20世纪二三十年代,河南匪患特别严重,豫南成为重灾区。土匪的残暴活动严重危害乡村社会,改变了乡村社会的生活模式。从乡村视野来探究土匪的来源、匪患成祸以及军阀政府应对匪祸的行动,可以认定,军阀政治、地方统治、区位特点、社会心理等是诱发匪患成祸、愈演愈烈的重要原因。

选人之道

故事一:发现、留住并养好最优秀的草有一家大型工厂的老板,种田人出身。他的厂区里有块空地,因为觉得空着可惜,便自己动手,闲暇的时候在上面种些花草。他从天南地北引来不同种类的草,亲自耕耘,就像他当年种庄稼那样。第一年,他的辛勤劳动换来了这样的景象:一丛丛一蓬蓬不同品种的草儿长起来了,有的叶儿纤长,有的叶儿短肥,有的杆儿向上挺立,有的杆儿匍匐在地,总之,给人的印象是杂乱无章,一片狼藉。

Furazolidone-based triple therapy for H pylori gastritis in children

AIM： To evaluate the furazolidone-based triple therapy in children with symptomatic H pylori gastdtis. METHODS： A prospective and consecutive open trial was carried out. The study included 38 patients with upper digestive symptoms sufficiently severe to warrant endoscopic investigation. H pylori status was defined based both on histology and on positive ^13C-urea breath test. Drug regimen was a seven-day course of omeprazole, clarithromycin and furazolidone （100 mg, 200 mg if over 30 kg） twice daily. Eradication of H pylori was assessed two months after treatment by histology and ^13C-urea breath test. Further clinical evaluation was performed 7 d, 2 and 6 mo after the treatment. RESULTS： Thirty-eight patients （24 females, 14 males） were included. Their age ranged from 4 to 17.8 （mean 10.9 ± 3.7） years. On intent-to-treat analysis （n = 38）, the eradication rate of H pylori was 73.7% （95% CI, 65.2%-82%） whereas in per-protocol analysis （n = 33） it was 84.8% （95% CI, 78.5%-91%）. All the patients with duodenal ulcer （n = 7） were successfully treated （100% vs 56.2% with antral nodularity）. Side effects were reported in 26 patients （68.4%）, mainly vomiting （14/26） and abdominal pain （n = 13）. Successfully treated dyspeptic patients showed improvement in 78.9% of H pylori-negative patients after six months and in 50% of Hpylori-positive patients after six months of treatment. CONCLUSION： Triple therapy with furazolidone achieves moderate efficacy in H pylori treatment. The eradication rate seems to be higher in patients with duodenal ulcer.

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and giardiasis: Results from a study of surrogate markers for fecal exposure among children

AIM: To investigate whether Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, presence of enteroparasites, and other surrogates of fecal exposure. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 121 children consecutively admitted at a pediatric hospital in Salvador, Brazil. H pyloriand HAV infection were identified by the presence of serum antibodies. Stool specimens were examined for the presence of ova and parasites. A structured questionnaire inquiring about sanitary conditions and life style was applied to each subject. RESULTS: Fifty-one of the 121 children (42.1%) were found to be seropositive for H pylori, and 45 (37.2%) for HAV. The seroprevalence of Hpyloriand HAV both increased significantly with age. Cross-tabulation of data showed that 26 (21.5%) were seropositive and 51 (42.1%) were negative for both H py/lriand HAV antibodies (x^2=7.18, OR=2.8, CI 1.30-5.97). The age adjusted OR for an HAV-infected child being H pylori positive was 2.3 (CI 1.02-5.03). The agreement between H pylori and HAV seropositivity was fair (k=0.24). After controlling for possible confounding, the variables remaining independently associated with seropositivity to H pylori were age, presence of Giardia lamblia in feces (OR=3.2, 95%CI, 1.1-9.5) and poor garbage disposal quality (OR=2.4, 95%CI, 1.1-5.1). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that H pylori infection is associated with surrogate markers of fecal exposure. Thus, we conclude that the fecal-oral route is relevant in the transmission of HP among children in an urban setting of a developing country. The association observed between G. lamblia and H pylori infection may have several explanations. Further studies to investigate this relationship are warranted.

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori increases childhood growth and serum acylated ghrelin levels

AIM: To determine whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)infected children have reduced body weight (BW) and height (BH) growth, and if H. pylori eradication may restore growth while improving serum acylated ghrelin. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study with oneyear follow-up enrolled 1222 children aged 4 to 12 years old into an observation cohort (18 with and 318 without H. pylori ) and intervention cohort (75 with and 811 without). The 7-d triple therapy was used for eradication in the intervention cohort. The net increases of BW and BH as well serum acylated ghrelin after oneyear follow-up were compared between successful eradicated H. pylori-infected children and controls. RESULTS: In the observation cohort, the H. pylori - infected children had lower z score of BW (-1.11 ± 0.47 vs 0.35 ± 0.69, P = 0.01) and body mass index (BMI) (0.06 ± 0.45 vs 0.44 ± 0.73, P = 0.02) at enrollment and lower net BW gain after one-year follow-up (3.3 ± 2.1 kg vs 4.5 ± 2.4 kg, P = 0.04) than the non-infected controls. In the intervention cohort, the H. pylori - infected children had lower z score of BMI (0.25 ± 1.09 vs 0.68 ± 0.87, P = 0.009) and serum acylated ghrelin levels (41.8 ± 35.6 pg/mL vs 83.6 ± 24.2 pg/mL, P < 0.001) than the non-infected controls. In addition to restoring decreased serum ghrelin levels (87.7 ± 38.0 pg/mL vs 44.2 ± 39.0 pg/mL, P < 0.001), the H. pylori - infected children with successful eradication had higher net gains (P < 0.05) and increase of z scores (P < 0.05) of both BW and BH as compared with non-infected controls after one-year follow-up. CONCLUSION:H. pylori-infected children are associated with low serum acylated ghrelin and growth retardation. Successful eradication of H. pylori restores ghrelin levels and increases growth in children.

Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on ghrelin levels in children

AIM:To compare ghrelin levels in plasma and gastric mucosa before and after Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) treatment in children with H.pylori-associated functional dyspepsia.METHODS:Children with H.pylori-associated functional dyspepsia were enrolled in this study.H.pylori infection was confirmed by positive bacterial culture results.All of the children received triple H.pylori eradication therapy(a 2 wk course of omeprazole,amoxicillin,and clarithromycin).The children were divided into two groups based on the success of the H.pylori treatment:group 1(eradicated)-patients who had a negative 13C-urea breath test 2 mo after the end of therapy;and group 2(non-eradicated)-patients who had a positive 13C-urea breath test.Plasma ghrelin,gastric ghrelin mRNA,and the body mass index were evaluated in both groups before and after the H.pylori treatment.The plasma ghrelin levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay.The expression of gastric ghrelin mRNA was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:A total of 50 children with H.pylori-associated functional dyspepsia were treated with triple H.pylori eradication therapy.The mean age of the children was 5.52 ± 0.83 years,and there were 28 males and 22 females.Among the 50 H.pylori-positive children,30 successfully achieved eradication,and 20 did not.The mean plasma ghrelin levels of group 1 were 22.17 ± 1.73 ng/L and 26.59 ± 2.05 ng/L before and after the treatment,respectively,which was a significant increase(P = 0.001).However,the mean plasma ghrelin level of group 2 before and after the H.pylori treatment was 21.34 ± 2.40 ng/L and 22.24 ± 2.10 ng/L(P = 0.785).The plasma ghrelin levels increased substantially after treatment in group 1 but showed only minor changes in group 2.Similarly,the gastric ghrelin mRNA expression in group 1 before treatment was 2.84 ± 0.08.After treatment,the level was 3.11 ± 0.65,which was significantly different(P = 0.023).The gastric ghrelin mRNA expression in group 2 did not change significantly during the treatment(2.82 ± 0.44 vs 2.79 ± 0.31,P = 0.875).The plasma ghrelin and gastric ghrelin mRNA levels in group 1 increased substantially after the treatment but did not do so in group 2.In addition,the body mass index the two groups did not differ significantly 2 mo before and after the H.pylori treatment.CONCLUSION:H.pylori eradication increases the plasma and tissue ghrelin levels in children with H.pylori-associated functional dyspepsia.

Specific serum immunoglobulin G to H pylori and CagA in healthy children and adults(south-east of Iran)

AIM. To evaluate the serologic IgG response to Hpylori and CagA across age groups and in healthy children and adults.METHODS： Totally, 386 children aged 1-15 years and 200 adults aged 20-60 years, were enrolled to study. The serum samples of participant were tested for presence of antJ-Hpylori and anti-CagA IgG by using ELISA method.RESULTS： The seroprevalence of Hpylori in adults was significantly higher than that observed in children （67.5% vs 46.6%; P 〈 0.000003）. In children, the seropositivity rate in males （51.9%） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher than that observed in females （41.7%）. The prevalence of serum anti-CagA antibody was 72.8% and 67.4% in infected children and adults, respectively. The mean titer of serum anti-CagA antibodies was significantly higher among children in comparison to adults （64.1 Uarb/mL 30.7; P 〈 0.03）. In infected children and adults the prevalence of serum anti-CagA antibody was higher in males compared to females （78.4% vs 66.3%; P = 0.07 and 75.6% vs 54.71%; P 〈 0.04, respectively）. The age-specific prevalence of anti-H py/or/and anti-CagA antibody （in infected subjects） was 37.6% and 59.57% at age 1-5 years, 46.9% and 75% at age 6-10 years, 54.9% and 79.45% at age 11-15, 59.01% and 83.33% at age 20-30 years, 66.6% and 60.52% at age 31-40 years, 73.46% and 63.88% at age 41-50 years and 75.75% and 60% at age 51-60 years with mean titer of anti-CagA antibody of 75.94, 63.32, 57.11, 52.06, 23.62, 21.52 and 21.80 Uarb/mL, respectively. There was significant difference between mean serum anti-CagA antibody in age subgroups （P 〈 0.001）.CONCLUSION： These results showed that anti-Hpylori and anti-CagA antibodies were common in the children and adults. The Hpylori-specific antibodies influenced by age and sex of subjects. Moreover, it seems that males are more susceptible to infection with CagA^＋ strains compared to females. The seroprevalence of anti-CagA antibody was increased with age, up to 30 years and then decreased. It was also found that the magnitude of the IgG response to CagA decreased with advanced age.

Soluble adhesion molecules ICAM-1,VCAM-1,P-selectin in children with Helicobacter pylori infection

AIM: To assess the sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sP-selectin levels in children withHelicobacter pylori(H pylori)infection and to evaluate their significance for the morphological changes found in gastric mucosa.METHODS: The study included 106 children: 59children (55.7%) with chronic gastritis and positive IgG against H pylori, 29 children (27.3%) after previous H pylori infection without the bacterium colonization but with positive IgG against H pylori, and 18 children (17%) with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal system but with normal IgG against H pylori. Endoscopic and histopathological evaluation of gastric mucosa was performed based on the Sydney System classification.The evaluation of sP-selectin, sIC AM-1, sVCAM-1 levels in the sera of children was carried out using ELISA test.RESULTS: The assessment of gastritis activity degrees indicated statistically significant values in the antrum and corpus (P＜0.001) of children examined. Serum sVCAM-1 levels were higher in group with gastritis due to H pylori infection than in group without infection and differed statistically (P＜0.05). Serum sVCAM-1 levels proved to be the highest among other adhesive molecules in infected children and decreased after eradication of H pylori. Serum sICAM-1 levels were similar in all examined groups. Serum sP-selectin levels were similar in children with and without H pylori infection.CONCLUSION: Assessment of adhesive molecules (sPselectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) in the sera of children with active H pylori infection can show the participation of sVCAM-1 in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal inflammation, sP-selectin and sICAM-1 concentrations in the sera of children with H pylori infection after eradication cannot reveal any significant differences as compared to healthy children.

Detection of T lymphocyte subsets of children with Helicobacter pylori infection

AIM: To study the transformation of T lymphocyte subsets in children with Heliobacter pylori (H pylori) infection. METHODS: The H pylori infection status were determined by a combination of ELISA and Western blot (immunoblot) technique in 98 children and T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometrical analysis.RESULTS: There were 75 children positive with H pylori infection and 23 negative in 98 children. Comparing the proportion of peripheral blood T lymphocytic subsets in children with H pylori infection and without H pylori infection, it was found that a higher proportion of CD4 T-cells in infected children (39.02±7.71 vs34.25±10.73,t = 2.246,P＜0.05) and higher value of CD4 to CD8 T-cells ratio (1.51±0.52 vs 1.25, t= 2.104,P＜0.05) were present, but there were not significant differences in CD3 T-cells and CD8 T-cells (73.11±10.02 vs69.49±17.08, 27.22±6.07vs 28.27±8.67, P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Th1 cell-mediated immune responses may be induced by H pylori infection in children.

Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri Strains of Breast-Fed Infant in a Murine Model

The ingestion of probiotic lactic acid bacteria has been evaluated and noted that it has an effect on the balance of desirable microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. Lactobacillus gasseri demonstrates good survival in the gastrointestinal tract, and it has been associated with a variety of probiotic activities and roles, including the reduction of fecal mutagenic enzymes, the production of bacteriocins and the stimulation of macrophages immunomodulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a pool of L. gasseri strains isolated from the feces of breastfed infants added in the human milk of healthy women. The milk was both pasteurized and unpasteurized, to verify the cell cytotoxicity of macrophages and to quantify the production of immunologic mediators such as IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, NO and oxygen intermediary compounds （H2O2）. The administration of raw human milk and pasteurized human milk to infants is a regular, encouraged practice in units of intensive therapy （UITs） and our present investigation verified the beneficial effect of addition of a pool of L. gasseri to pasteurized human milk （PHML）. Our results show that probiotic supplementation helped to maintain cell viability, reduced IL-6 and IFN-γ production and stimulated TNF-α, NO, H2O2, IL-4 production. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the addition of lactobacillus to human milk was not a determinant in the production of TNF-α. L. gasseri added to breast milk did not present a cytotoxic risk, and the addition ofL. gasseri to pasteurized milk of human milk bank would benefit newborns that depend on milk banks for the colonization of more desirable microbiota.

Characterization and Technological Properties of Bifidobacterium Strains Isolated from Breast-fed Infants

Bifidobacteria represent the largest group of human intestinal bacteria. They have an important place in human health and represent the dominant group microflora of the newbom breast-fed. Following the behavior of strains of Bifidobacteria isolated from the breast-fed infants and from saline rehydration solution was considered in order to develop therapeutic fermented milk. Samples from newborn infants aged 10 months, or from a saline rehydration solution （Celia/Develop ORS） containing Bifidobacteria sold was used and isolated strains belonged to breve and longum species. Those strains showed preferences to neutral pH. They are mesophilic and tolerate high temperatures （42 ℃）. Glucose was commonly carbohydrate used in selective media for Bifidobacteria. Production of titratable acidity and therefore lowering the pH varies from one strain to another.

Feasibility of confocal endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders

AIM： To evaluate the feasibility and utility of confocal laser endomicroscopy （CLE） in the description of normal gastrointestinal （GI） mucosa and in the diagnosis of GI disorders in children, in comparison to histology.METHODS： Forty-four patients （19 female） median age 10.9 years （range 0.7-16.6 years） with suspected or known GI pathology underwent esophago-gastro- duodenoscopy （OGD） （n = 36） and/or ileocolonoscopy （IC） （n = 31） with CLE using sodium fluorescein and acriflavine as contrast agents. Histological sections were compared with same site confocal images by two experienced pediatric and GI histopathologists and endoscopists, respectively.RESULTS： Duodenum and ileum were intubated in all but one patient undergoing OGD and IC. The median procedure time was 16.4 min （range 7-25 rain） for OGD and 27.9 min （range 15-45 min） for IC. A total of 4798 confocal images were compared with 153 biopsies from the upper GI tract from 36 procedures, and 4661 confocal images were compared with 188 biopsies from the ileocolon from 31 procedures.Confocal images were comparable to conventional histology both in normal and in pathological conditions such as esophagitis, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, colonic heterotopia, and graft versus host disease.CONCLUSION： CLE offers the prospect of targeting biopsies to abnormal mucosa, thereby increasing diagnostic yield, reducing the number of biopsies, decreasing the burden on the histopathological services, and reducing costs.

Treatment of Pediatric Diseases by the Method of Evacuating the Bowels to Remove the Internal Heat

Evacuating the bowels to remove internal heat is one of the major therapeutic principles in treating pediatric diseases. Since the children are incapable of controlling in take of milk or food, the accumulated foodstuffs in the body will impede the spleen and stomach in digestion and transportation. In addition, children are easy to be attacked by exopathogens, because their organs are tender and do not fully develop. Once an exopathogen gets into the interior, it will transform into heat. However, simple measures of eliminating the heat often fail in the treatment of some critical and emergent pediatric cases. We have treated such cases by the method of evacuating bowels to remove the internal heat with miracle effects and would like to share our experience with our colleagues. The following are some examples.

人鬼庄园

1秋天来得似乎早了一些。刚入九月,空气就明显地清爽了不少,晚上出来的人也明显地增多了。直到晚上10点过了,街面上才渐渐安静下来。这个晚上叶斗看了一场电影。他已经很久没进电影院了。叶斗在电影快要放完的时候离开了座位,毫无声息地走出了放映厅。那时候影片正进入高潮,没有人注意到有一个人在悄悄离去。