新疆南疆杏核心种质种仁氨基酸比较分析

采用高效液相色谱法测定新疆南疆29个杏品种的种仁氨基酸组分与含量,筛选出品质好的仁用杏品种。结果显示:新疆南疆29个杏品种的种仁中必需氨基酸含量为4.150~13.276 g/100 g,总氨基酸量含量11.840~42.868 g/100 g,其比值系数分(SRC值)为23.168~67.013;主成分分析表明丝氨酸、半胱氨酸为南疆杏种仁的特征性氨基酸。苦味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸及药用氨基酸含量,均以‘旦杏’含量最高,‘轮台甜仁杏’含量最低;而酸味氨基酸含量以‘胡安娜’最高;在29个杏品种中,‘旦杏’种仁氨基酸含量高,品质优良。

新疆南部地区杏种核表型性状与苦杏仁苷含量分析

【目的】深入研究新疆南部地方杏品种资源,为加快优良仁用杏的培育和利用提供参考依据。【方法】以新疆农业科学院轮台国家果树资源圃内70份地方杏品种为材料,采用HPLC法测定了70份地方品种杏种仁中苦杏仁苷的含量,并对其杏种核和种仁的重要性状指标进行了调查和分析。【结果】新疆南部地方杏品种中杏种核与杏种仁的变异均丰富,不同地方杏品种的种核与种仁的形态均存在一定的差异。其中,核质量均值为0.58~3.24 g,核形指数为1.00~2.09;仁质量均值为0.15~0.76 g,仁形指数为1.15~2.31;杏种核和杏种仁的变异大小顺序为:核质量均值>仁质量均值>出仁率>核横径>核纵径>仁横径>核形指数>仁厚径>仁形指数>仁纵径>核厚径。苦杏仁苷含量的变异幅度为0.002~3.778 mg/g,其平均含量为0.121 mg/g。相关分析结果表明:出仁率与核干质量、核纵径、核横径、核厚径间均呈极显著负相关,而与仁厚径间呈极显著正相关;仁干质量与核干质量、核纵径、核横径、核厚径、仁纵径、仁横径、仁厚径各性状指标间均呈极显著正相关;仁形指数与核形指数互为极显著正相关,其相关系数高达0.89。主成分分析结果表明:有3个主成分起主导作用,第1主成分主要表征核、仁的表型性状;第2主成分主要表征核、仁的形态;第3主成分主要表征出仁量。【结论】新疆南部地区拥有丰富且多样的地方杏品种资源,杏种核、杏种仁表型性状及其苦杏仁苷含量间均存在明显差异;以苦杏仁苷含量为指标,对70份地方品种杏种仁的品质进行了评价,结果得出,乔尔胖和佳娜丽两个品种均具较大潜力,均可作为优质仁用杏品种进行培育和推广。

Discriminating ability of molecular markers and morphological characterization in the establishment of genetic relationships in cultivated genotypes of almond and related wild species

A total 23 morphological traits, 19 AFLP-primer combinations, 80 RAPD primers and 32 SSR primer pair were used to compare the informativeness and efficiency of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in establishing genetic relationships among 29 almond cultivars and three related wild species. SSRs presented a high level of polymorphism and greater information content, as assessed by the expected hetrozygosity, compared to AFLPs and RAPDs. The lowest values of expected hetrozygosity were obtained for AFLPs; however AFLPs showed the highest efficiency, owing to their capacity to reveal large numbers of bands per reaction, which led to high values for various types of indices of diversity. All the three techniques discriminated almond genotypes very effectively, except that SSRs failed to discriminate between ‘Monagha’ and ‘Sefied’ almond genotypes. The correlation coefficients of similarity were statistically significant for all the three marker systems, but were lower for the SSR data than for RAPDs and AFLPs. For all the markers, high similarity in dendrogram topologies was obtained, although some differences were observed. All the dendrograms, including that obtained by the combined use of all the marker data, reflect relationships for most of cultivars according to their geographic diffusion. AMOVA detected more variation among cultivated and related wild species of almond within each geographic group. Bootstrap analysis revealed that the number of markers used was sufficient for reliable estimation of genetic similarity and for meaningful comparisons of marker types.