基于创新创业能力培养的专业课程教学改革与实践——以《材料合成化学》课程为例

创新创业教育是目前高校教学改革的重要关注点,依托课程载体是实现大学生创新创业教育的关键手段。"材料合成化学"课程内容包括材料合成的前沿领域、材料合成的科学原理、材料合成的实验技术、材料的硬化学和软化学合成方法,材料的分离与表征技术和金属、陶瓷、聚合物、复合材料的合成与制备实例,该课程具有较强的实践性和工程性。对培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力、树立创新创业意识起着十分重要的作用。本文以"材料合成化学"课程为例,从课程的教学内容、教学方法、教学手段与教学效果评价,以及学生创新创业能力共同发展要求等方面,介绍该课程在创新创业教育教学改革与实践过程中的成功经验。

金属-有机框架材料的化学合成与应用研究

金属-有机框架材料是一种具有较大应用潜力的新型材料,其制备和应用已经成为近年来的研究重点。为此,选用2,5-二(苯基氨基)-1,4-苯二甲酸作为基础配体、锌离子作为配位金属,研究了金属-有机框架材料的化学合成。通过对合成的金属-有机框架材料结构性质的分析以及材料电化学性能的测试,研究了该材料应用于电池负极材料时能够有效提升电池的使用寿命以及充放电稳定性,具有深入研究的价值。

化学合成型可降解材料改性方法研究进展

详细地介绍了近年来化学合成型可降解材料常用的几种改性方法,并简单分析了各改性方法的利弊。对化学合成型可降解材料的改性研究具有一定的参考价值。

化学合成材料前沿

化学作为自然科学的一个分支，在分子水平上研究物质。物质有其各自的性质，当物质的某种性质可以满足某种用途时，则该物质可以作为材料使用。化学的发展离不开与物理学、生物学和工程学的结合，同时在结合中化学又发挥和发展着其他学科所不能代替的作用。

第七讲 有机物与化学合成材料

1．能从组成上区分无机物和有机物，并列举事例加以说明． 2．了解有机高分子化合物的组成特点．通过具体事例认识有机物结构的多样性和复杂性. 3．能用实验方法从组成上辨别有机物．

卟啉微纳米材料的制备及应用研究进展

综述了卟啉微纳米材料合成的制备方法,以及将其作为传感、光电器件等应用的研究进展。卟啉类化合物是广泛存在于自然界重要的生物分子,其独特的平面骨架和共轭大π结构,使之成为分子组装体系中优良的构筑基元。制备的卟啉微纳米材料因其良好的光、热稳定性,已被广泛用于分析化学、仿生、催化及材料科学等领域。

古建筑彩画保护修复材料与工艺研究初探——以故宫乾隆花园彩画修复为例

古建筑彩画保护修复是古建筑修缮中的重要内容。由于受古建筑彩画制成材料及赋存环境等多种复杂因素的影响,彩画原状会发生多种病害,而以地仗层、颜料层、沥粉贴金层等发生龟裂、起翘、脱落、粉化、污染等为主的病害更为常见。近年故宫乾隆花园、养心殿等区域采取了传统保护、科技保护等多种方法进行保护修复。文章以乾隆花园前三进院落耸秀亭、三友轩、衍祺门、旭辉庭南斜爬廊4处彩画、2种制作工艺、5种典型病害的保护修复为例,探讨在当下利用各种传统材料、改性传统材料、化学合成材料保护加固彩画的同时,应针对古建筑彩画不同的病害、不同工艺,进行不同材料的科技保护修复效果评价研究,以达到保护的目的。

合成材料添加剂化学教学中理论知识应用与实践的结合

结合合成材料添加剂化学教学过程中,涉及到的理论知识具有广泛的应用性和较强的实践性,本文提出开展"理论、实践、评价"三步递进的教学模式:从知识累积,即了解和掌握课程理论知识领域的深度和广度;经知识运用,结合科研及市场进行知识的有效实践;到教学实践效果评价,通过测试指标的评定,验证知识的合理性和有效性。通过理论知识应用与实践的结合,培养出具有扎实科学知识和践行力的学生,为学生的就业和深造奠定坚实的理论和实践基础。

富磷金属磷化物电催化性能的研究进展

近年来,电催化分解水技术越来越得到广泛关注。提高速率的关键是要找到高效的电催化剂,其中过渡金属磷化物表现出优秀的催化活性和长期稳定性。富磷化合物具有催化活性较大但导电性较差的特点,在实际应用中可合理调控磷化物的电子结构,以获得导电性、催化效能俱佳的电催化剂。综述了近年来电解水析氢的研究进展,重点集中在富磷金属磷化物的研究上,阐述了其合成方法与微结构调控策略,及其在当前电催化材料研究领域面临的挑战和未来的发展前景。

In-situ homogeneous synthesis of carbon nanotubes on aluminum matrix and properties of their composites

Using nickel catalyst supported on aluminum powders, carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were successfully synthesized in aluminum powders by in-situ chemical vapor deposition at 650 ℃. Structural characterization revealed that the as-grown CNTs possessed higher graphitization degree and straight graphite shell. By this approach, more homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in aluminum powders was achieved compared with the traditional mechanical mixture methods. Using the in-situ synthesized CNTs/Al composite powders and powder metallurgy process, CNTs/Al bulk composites were prepared. Performance testing showed that the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the composites were improved obviously, which was attributed to the superior dispersion of CNTs in aluminum matrix and the strong interfacial bonding between CNTs and matrix.

我国土木工程的展望方向

1．建筑材料向高性能．多品种和组合利用方向发展 传统建筑材料既要改善性能，又要增加其品种：比如粘土实心砖向空心砖发展、粘土向非粘土制品发展、单一墙体向复合型墙体发展；混凝土向快硬、高强、轻质、复合和环保节能方向发展，钢材的发展是采用低合金、热处理方法提高其屈服点和综合性能。组合材料要大力加以开发，两种或两种以上的材料组合，利用各自的优越性开发出高性能的便于使用的建筑产品，应该成为21世纪土木工程的一个重要特征。化学合成材料用于抗力结构是材料发展的崭新领域，现阶段化学合成材料一般只用于装饰配件及外围部件。

Electrochemical synthesis of catalytic materials for energy catalysis

Electrocatalysis is a process dealing with electrochemical reactions in the interconversion of chemical energy and electrical energy.Precise synthesis of catalytically active nanostructures is one of the key challenges that hinder the practical application of many important energy‐related electrocatalytic reactions.Compared with conventional wet‐chemical,solid‐state and vapor deposition synthesis,electrochemical synthesis is a simple,fast,cost‐effective and precisely controllable method for the preparation of highly efficient catalytic materials.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the electrochemical synthesis of catalytic materials such as single atoms,spherical and shaped nanoparticles,nanosheets,nanowires,core‐shell nanostructures,layered nanomaterials,dendritic nanostructures,hierarchically porous nanostructures as well as composite nanostructures.Fundamental aspects of electrochemical synthesis and several main electrochemical synthesis methods are discussed.Structure‐performance correlations between electrochemically synthesized catalysts and their unique electrocatalytic properties are exemplified using selected examples.We offer the reader with a basic guide to the synthesis of highly efficient catalysts using electrochemical methods,and we propose some research challenges and future opportunities in this field.

Tuning the growth of Cu-MOFs for efficient catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide

Development of the high activity,promoter‐free catalysts for carbonyl sulfide(COS)hydrolysis is important for the efficient utilization of various feedstocks.In this study,the Cu‐based metal‐organic framework HKUST‐1is synthesized by a simple and mild anodic‐dissolution electrochemical method.The physical and chemical properties of the samples are characterized by several techniques,including scanning electron microscopy,X‐ray diffraction,Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results reveal that the synthesis voltage plays a crucial role in controlling the morphology of the resulting HKUST‐1.The obtained samples function as novel catalysts for the hydrolysis of COS.A high efficiency,approaching100%,can be achieved for the conversion of COS at150oC over the optimal HKUST‐1synthesized at25V.This is significantly higher than that of the sample prepared by the traditional hydrothermal method.Additionally,the effects of the water temperature and the flow velocity on the hydrolysis of COS are also investigated in detail.Finally,a possible reaction pathway of COS hydrolysis over HKUST‐1is also proposed.This work represents the first example of MOFs applied to the catalytic hydrolysis of COS.The results presented in this study can be anticipated to give a feasible impetus to design novel catalysts for removing the sulfur‐containing compounds.

Mechanism of Clay Mineral Affect on Strength of Solidification Sludge

To solve the problem of vast cement and low strength in the treated sludge, clay mineral used for accessorial solidification material was applied to advance strength. The principle of solidification sludge strength because of clay mineral is not clear and has not supported the choice of clay mineral. The mineral and pore water is analyzed in order to contrast clay mineral added or not based on the XRD and pore water chemical character. The result shows that the absorbed quantity of Ca2~ was reduced by sludge because of clay mineral added, the hydrated reaction was advanced and integrated solidified materials was formed.

Exchange Interactions at the Interface FMIAFM Nanocomposite Obtained by Mechanochemical Synthesis

This paper presents a study of the relationship between the magnetic properties and microstructure of nanocomposite Ni/MnO, Ni/CoO, Co/MnO, Co/CoO. The objective is to understand how the coupling interface FM/AFM （ferromagnetic/anti-ferromagnetic） manifests itself in magnetic response of these materials to an applied field. Sample preparation was performed using mechanochemical synthesis by means of a ball mill planetary type high power at normal atmosphere. The characterization was done by XRD （X-ray diffraction）, SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and VSM （vibrating sample magnetometry）. Analyzing the XRD peaks of the samples studied, there was a decrease in the average particle diameter with increasing milling time, which is important in the magnetic interactions of the atoms of the surface. In addition, the diffraction pattern showed formation of new phases by oxidation interfering with the magnetic measurements. Analyses by SEM show chipboard multiform nano- and micrometer-sized grains on the surface of the clusters being responsible for the interaction. The magnetic measurements show a strong coupling between the phases present in nanocomposites showing once again that the MS （mechanosynthesis） is a powerful technique for this kind of purpose. The effect of the decrease in crystallite size leads to large variations of magnetic properties of the material which have been specifically observed changes in HC （coercive field） in the RM （remanent magnetization） and SM （saturation magnetization）. The decrease in crystallite size in the course of grinding intensifies the effects that depend on the surface-to-volume ratio of the material. M vs. T measures were taken for different values of applied field and found a jump in the moment of the sample near the N6el temperature of the antiferromagnetic.

Synthesis and Preparation of Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Chelating Membrane Modified with Thiourea

Several kinds of chloromethyl polysulfones （CMPF） with different chlorinity and reactive groups were synthesized by Friedel.crafts reaction, which could be utilized as reactively matrix membrane materials. The CMPF hollow matrix membranes were prepared with phase inversion by utilization of CMPF/additive/DMAC casting solution and CMPF as membrane materials. It was found that the effects of additive content, bore liquid and dry spinning distance on the structure of CMPF hollow fiber matrix membrane were different. A high qualified palysulfone hollow fiber chelating membrane modified with thiourea as chelating groups was prepared using CMPF as membrane matrix materials, through the reaction between thiourea and CMPF hollow fiber matrix membrane to afford the methyl iso-thiourium polysulfone. The experimental results showed that thermal drawing could increase the mechanical properties of matrix membrane, and the thermal treatment could increase the homogeneity and stability of the structure of polysulfoue hollow fiber chelating membrane modified with thiourea.

Hydrogen Adsorption Study upon Ni/AI203 Nano-composite Synthesized by MOCVD Technique

The hydrogen adsorption （storage） studies upon Ni/A1203 nano-composite prepared by metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique （MOCVD） exploiting single source molec ular precursor （SSP） approach were carried out. The Ni/A1203 nano-composite is prepared in cold walled MOCVD reactor by the decomposition of SSP, [H2AI（OtBu）]2, on a substrate holding Ni（acac）2 powder. The SSP is a reducing agent which reduces Ni＋2 to Ni0 and works as source for Al203 matrix in which the Ni0 is dispersed. The resulting Ni/A1203 nano-composite is characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and EDX. The hydrogen adsorption （storage） studies are performed using home-made Sievert＇s type apparatus. The hydrogen storage studies reveal that approximately 2.9% （mass ratio） hydrogen can be stored in the Ni/A1203 nano-composite. The results show that Ni/A1203 nano-composite can be a po- tential candidate for hydrogen storage which can be used for onboard fuel purposes.