Base on the framework of material flow analsis （MFA） proposed by Eurostat, this paper collected related data and conducted a regional MFA for the Chengyang Districgt in Qingdao. The indicators such as Direct Materia...Base on the framework of material flow analsis （MFA） proposed by Eurostat, this paper collected related data and conducted a regional MFA for the Chengyang Districgt in Qingdao. The indicators such as Direct Material Input（DMI）, Direct Material Consumption （DMC） and Exports are calculated or estimated for the period of year 1995 through 2004. Several derivable iudicators defining direct material productivity and material intenstiy are also evaluated and some valuable conclusions were drawn. DMI in absolute number increased from about 1645.9 kilotons in 1995to about 8052.5 kilotons in 2004. Imports contribute to about 47 to 69% of DMI, and the biggest component of imports is fossil fuel that approximatley accounts far 50% of imnports. DMI per capita of Chengyang District increased rapidly and reached 17. 4 tons in 2004. Compared with other five economies studied by WRI, material consumption intensity of Chengyang District is significantly lower than developed countries, which indicates that Chengyang District is still in a development stage The direct material productivity （actual GDP per DMI） increased 59.1% from 1995 to 2004 and has been higher than either of stadies in China, which indicates efficiency of resources utilization has improved obviously in Chengyang District. But there was significant increase in material input in the last decade, which shows that rapid increase of economy is highly dependent on requirement and consumption of natural resources. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainahility, it is essential to develop circular economy and improve utilization efficiency of resources.展开更多
The fundamental task of mining engineers is to produce more coal at a given level of labour input and material costs, for optimum quality and maximum efficiency. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to automate and...The fundamental task of mining engineers is to produce more coal at a given level of labour input and material costs, for optimum quality and maximum efficiency. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to automate and mechanize mining operations. Mechanization is an objective that can result in significant cost reduction and higher levels of profitability for underground mines. To analyze the potential of mechanization, some important factors such as seam inclination and thickness, geological disturbances, seam floor conditions and roof conditions should be considered. In this study we have used fuzzy logic, membership functions and created fuzzy rule-based methods and considered the ultimate objective： mechanization of mining. As a case study, the mechanization of the Tazare coal seams in Shahroud area of Iran was investigated. The results show a low potential for mechanization in most of the Tazare coal seams.展开更多
文摘Base on the framework of material flow analsis （MFA） proposed by Eurostat, this paper collected related data and conducted a regional MFA for the Chengyang Districgt in Qingdao. The indicators such as Direct Material Input（DMI）, Direct Material Consumption （DMC） and Exports are calculated or estimated for the period of year 1995 through 2004. Several derivable iudicators defining direct material productivity and material intenstiy are also evaluated and some valuable conclusions were drawn. DMI in absolute number increased from about 1645.9 kilotons in 1995to about 8052.5 kilotons in 2004. Imports contribute to about 47 to 69% of DMI, and the biggest component of imports is fossil fuel that approximatley accounts far 50% of imnports. DMI per capita of Chengyang District increased rapidly and reached 17. 4 tons in 2004. Compared with other five economies studied by WRI, material consumption intensity of Chengyang District is significantly lower than developed countries, which indicates that Chengyang District is still in a development stage The direct material productivity （actual GDP per DMI） increased 59.1% from 1995 to 2004 and has been higher than either of stadies in China, which indicates efficiency of resources utilization has improved obviously in Chengyang District. But there was significant increase in material input in the last decade, which shows that rapid increase of economy is highly dependent on requirement and consumption of natural resources. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainahility, it is essential to develop circular economy and improve utilization efficiency of resources.
文摘The fundamental task of mining engineers is to produce more coal at a given level of labour input and material costs, for optimum quality and maximum efficiency. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to automate and mechanize mining operations. Mechanization is an objective that can result in significant cost reduction and higher levels of profitability for underground mines. To analyze the potential of mechanization, some important factors such as seam inclination and thickness, geological disturbances, seam floor conditions and roof conditions should be considered. In this study we have used fuzzy logic, membership functions and created fuzzy rule-based methods and considered the ultimate objective： mechanization of mining. As a case study, the mechanization of the Tazare coal seams in Shahroud area of Iran was investigated. The results show a low potential for mechanization in most of the Tazare coal seams.
