The present study is concerned with the lifting of seabed materials by a BJT （bubble-jet-type） air-lift pump patented by Sadatomi. The targets are methane-hydrate rich muds on the bed about 200 m in depth around Jap...The present study is concerned with the lifting of seabed materials by a BJT （bubble-jet-type） air-lift pump patented by Sadatomi. The targets are methane-hydrate rich muds on the bed about 200 m in depth around Japan islands and rare-earth rich muds on the bed deeper than 4,000 m around Minami-Torishima islands in the Pacific Ocean. Feasibility studies were conducted using 50 mm I. D. （inner diameter） and 5.0 m long vertical pipe as the pump upriser, VC （vinyl chloride） particles and natural sands mixture in the methane-hydrate case, and ceramics particles with 3,761 kg/m^3 in density in the rare-earth case as the deposits. From the methane-hydrate simulation experiments, an efficient operation condition with high VC particles to sands lifting ratio has been clarified. In the rare-earth case, the air supplies from two different midways in the upriser pipe have been tested together with the bottom supply because the air supply from the upriser bottom is very hard in deep sea. The effects of the air supply position on the pump performance have been clarified by the experiments and the simulations with a revised model applicable to the midway air supply type.展开更多
Perovskite is rising as the most promising material for the next generation of solar cells,due to its high efficiency,low cost,and convenient fabrication.However,the stability of perovskite solar cells remains to be a...Perovskite is rising as the most promising material for the next generation of solar cells,due to its high efficiency,low cost,and convenient fabrication.However,the stability of perovskite solar cells remains to be a challenge towards large-scale application.Perovskite materials play a key role in improving the stability of PSCs,and tremendous efforts have been committed to stabilizing the perovskite materials,including composition regulation,crystallization control,and interface optimization.Herein we review the state-of-the-art strategies to improve the stability of perovskite layers in PSCs,and important strategies are highlighted.We analyze in-depth the influence of each site ion on perovskite structural stability and summarize the important progress of these structures showing superior stability.We then summarize the use of additives to regulate perovskite crystallization and defect passivation and elaborate the related mechanisms.Furthermore,the pros and cons of different interface treatment methods used in perovskite solar cells are discussed。展开更多
The efficiency-upgrading role that La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 plays in the thermoelectric properties of Bi Cu Se O（BCSO） has been studied. LSCO was introduced into BCSO, increasing the electrical conductivity from 3.3 to 52.3 S...The efficiency-upgrading role that La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 plays in the thermoelectric properties of Bi Cu Se O（BCSO） has been studied. LSCO was introduced into BCSO, increasing the electrical conductivity from 3.3 to 52.3 S cm^-1 at 303 K, from 35.8 to 97.3 S cm^-1 at 873 K; respectively. The Seebeck coefficient of all composites still holds around or more than 200 μV/K. Based on the enhanced electrical conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient, the power factor is enhanced by approximately 35%, with the best sample reaching a maximum value of 476.7 μ Wm^-1 K^-2 at 873 K. The lattice thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites is reduced as LSCO content increases from 15 vol% to 30 vol% due to the phonon scattering by nanoparticles and grain boundaries, resulting in a significant reduction in total thermal conductivity. In short, the enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit of 0.67 at 873 K for the sample containing 20 vol% LSCO as compared to 0.53 for the pure sample; announces the promising effect of LSCO on improving thermoelectric properties of Bi Cu Se O.展开更多
文摘The present study is concerned with the lifting of seabed materials by a BJT （bubble-jet-type） air-lift pump patented by Sadatomi. The targets are methane-hydrate rich muds on the bed about 200 m in depth around Japan islands and rare-earth rich muds on the bed deeper than 4,000 m around Minami-Torishima islands in the Pacific Ocean. Feasibility studies were conducted using 50 mm I. D. （inner diameter） and 5.0 m long vertical pipe as the pump upriser, VC （vinyl chloride） particles and natural sands mixture in the methane-hydrate case, and ceramics particles with 3,761 kg/m^3 in density in the rare-earth case as the deposits. From the methane-hydrate simulation experiments, an efficient operation condition with high VC particles to sands lifting ratio has been clarified. In the rare-earth case, the air supplies from two different midways in the upriser pipe have been tested together with the bottom supply because the air supply from the upriser bottom is very hard in deep sea. The effects of the air supply position on the pump performance have been clarified by the experiments and the simulations with a revised model applicable to the midway air supply type.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0715502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61935016, 92056119, and 22175118)+1 种基金the Double First-Class Initiative Fund of Shanghai Tech Universitythe Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20XD1402500 and 20JC1415800)
文摘Perovskite is rising as the most promising material for the next generation of solar cells,due to its high efficiency,low cost,and convenient fabrication.However,the stability of perovskite solar cells remains to be a challenge towards large-scale application.Perovskite materials play a key role in improving the stability of PSCs,and tremendous efforts have been committed to stabilizing the perovskite materials,including composition regulation,crystallization control,and interface optimization.Herein we review the state-of-the-art strategies to improve the stability of perovskite layers in PSCs,and important strategies are highlighted.We analyze in-depth the influence of each site ion on perovskite structural stability and summarize the important progress of these structures showing superior stability.We then summarize the use of additives to regulate perovskite crystallization and defect passivation and elaborate the related mechanisms.Furthermore,the pros and cons of different interface treatment methods used in perovskite solar cells are discussed。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant No.2013CB632506)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51328203,51221291&11234012)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20120002110006)
文摘The efficiency-upgrading role that La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 plays in the thermoelectric properties of Bi Cu Se O（BCSO） has been studied. LSCO was introduced into BCSO, increasing the electrical conductivity from 3.3 to 52.3 S cm^-1 at 303 K, from 35.8 to 97.3 S cm^-1 at 873 K; respectively. The Seebeck coefficient of all composites still holds around or more than 200 μV/K. Based on the enhanced electrical conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient, the power factor is enhanced by approximately 35%, with the best sample reaching a maximum value of 476.7 μ Wm^-1 K^-2 at 873 K. The lattice thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites is reduced as LSCO content increases from 15 vol% to 30 vol% due to the phonon scattering by nanoparticles and grain boundaries, resulting in a significant reduction in total thermal conductivity. In short, the enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit of 0.67 at 873 K for the sample containing 20 vol% LSCO as compared to 0.53 for the pure sample; announces the promising effect of LSCO on improving thermoelectric properties of Bi Cu Se O.
