Based on an integrated refining/chemical plant processing 15 Mt/a of crude and manufacturing 1.0 Mt/a of ethylene under the guideline of＂engaging in refining, olefins and aromatics by whatever appropriate means＂ to ...Based on an integrated refining/chemical plant processing 15 Mt/a of crude and manufacturing 1.0 Mt/a of ethylene under the guideline of＂engaging in refining, olefins and aromatics by whatever appropriate means＂ to maximize the overall value of the integrated refining/chemical plant, it is necessary to concentrate on working on the flow diagram and the solution for mutual supply of materials between the refinery and ethylene plant. After analyzing the feedstock slate, the composition and properties of products, it is proposed to optimize the integrated refming/chemical plant in order to reduce investment and operating cost to realize maximization of the value of the integrated plant.展开更多
This study aims to understand the effects of functional agents such as capping agents, stabilizers, surfactants and additives in shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials. The well-defined Pt(100) single crystal sur...This study aims to understand the effects of functional agents such as capping agents, stabilizers, surfactants and additives in shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials. The well-defined Pt(100) single crystal surface was used as a model to investigate its interaction with citrate, a capping agent that is often used in shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials. It demonstrated that, through a systematic study of electrochemical cyclic voltammetry, the presence of citrate in solution could increase the current peak density of hydrogen adsorption at high potential (j p,L ), while decrease proportionally the current peak density of hydrogen adsorption at low potential (j p,S ). Furthermore, the increase of citrate concentration shifted negatively the peak potentials (E p,L and E p,S ) of both j p,L and j p,S . The results indicated that the interaction of citrate with Pt(100) surface could induce increasing the (100) surface domains of two-dimensional long range order (2D-(100)), and decreasing the (100) surface domains of one-dimensional short range order (1D-(100)). It also revealed that the interaction of citrate with Pt(100) surface could stabilize the 2D-(100) structure. The findings gained in this study implied that the citrate may lead to form stable 2D-(100) domains on Pt nanoparticles upon the shape-controlled synthesis of Pt nanomaterials.展开更多
文摘Based on an integrated refining/chemical plant processing 15 Mt/a of crude and manufacturing 1.0 Mt/a of ethylene under the guideline of＂engaging in refining, olefins and aromatics by whatever appropriate means＂ to maximize the overall value of the integrated refining/chemical plant, it is necessary to concentrate on working on the flow diagram and the solution for mutual supply of materials between the refinery and ethylene plant. After analyzing the feedstock slate, the composition and properties of products, it is proposed to optimize the integrated refming/chemical plant in order to reduce investment and operating cost to realize maximization of the value of the integrated plant.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21021002 and 20921120405)
文摘This study aims to understand the effects of functional agents such as capping agents, stabilizers, surfactants and additives in shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials. The well-defined Pt(100) single crystal surface was used as a model to investigate its interaction with citrate, a capping agent that is often used in shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials. It demonstrated that, through a systematic study of electrochemical cyclic voltammetry, the presence of citrate in solution could increase the current peak density of hydrogen adsorption at high potential (j p,L ), while decrease proportionally the current peak density of hydrogen adsorption at low potential (j p,S ). Furthermore, the increase of citrate concentration shifted negatively the peak potentials (E p,L and E p,S ) of both j p,L and j p,S . The results indicated that the interaction of citrate with Pt(100) surface could induce increasing the (100) surface domains of two-dimensional long range order (2D-(100)), and decreasing the (100) surface domains of one-dimensional short range order (1D-(100)). It also revealed that the interaction of citrate with Pt(100) surface could stabilize the 2D-(100) structure. The findings gained in this study implied that the citrate may lead to form stable 2D-(100) domains on Pt nanoparticles upon the shape-controlled synthesis of Pt nanomaterials.
