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材料结算中存在的问题
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作者 王昕 《河北审计》 1996年第12期34-34,共1页
材料结算中存在的问题材料结算审计是建筑工程峻工决算审计的重要环节,一个项目在竣工、验收并由施工单位编制了竣工决算书之后,审计工作便由此展开。审计人员首先要善于发现项目决算书中存在的一些典型问题,尤其是施工单位在收取材... 材料结算中存在的问题材料结算审计是建筑工程峻工决算审计的重要环节,一个项目在竣工、验收并由施工单位编制了竣工决算书之后,审计工作便由此展开。审计人员首先要善于发现项目决算书中存在的一些典型问题,尤其是施工单位在收取材料差价上存在的一些问题:一、少用多... 展开更多
关键词 材料结算 施工单位 材料差价 建设单位 材差 建筑工程 “无中生有” 决算书 初步设计 土建工程
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关于工程造价管理中材料价差调整问题的探讨 被引量:6
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作者 陈卓 墨运涛 《湖北职业技术学院学报》 2011年第1期102-104,101,共4页
在工程结算中,工程造价的确定常常遇到材料价格产生变化的情况,如何调整材料单价变化导致的价差是工程造价管理中的常见问题,文章从材料结算价格取定时段的确定、材料结算取定价的选择、发承包双方对于材料价差风险分担和利益共享等方... 在工程结算中,工程造价的确定常常遇到材料价格产生变化的情况,如何调整材料单价变化导致的价差是工程造价管理中的常见问题,文章从材料结算价格取定时段的确定、材料结算取定价的选择、发承包双方对于材料价差风险分担和利益共享等方面提出了处理的方法。 展开更多
关键词 材料结算取定价 材料价差 调整
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浅谈建筑材料价差的调整 被引量:1
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作者 张志雁 《甘肃科技》 2003年第5期70-71,共2页
介绍影响建筑材料价差的因素及对其调整的意义 ,并对调整方法作了简要说明 。
关键词 建筑材料价差 综合系数调差法 材料结算 价差调整
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浅析材料成本管理存在问题及改进措施 被引量:4
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作者 欧志永 《经济师》 北大核心 2003年第8期269-269,共1页
文章具体分析当前工程项目材料成本管理存在的各种问题及漏洞 ,要想改变现状 ,惟有通过招标采购及比价采购降低材料采购价格 ,加强材料计量、质量验收、出入库台账等管理 ,减少施工现场浪费及失盗 ,规范材料结算工作 ,才能有效降低材料... 文章具体分析当前工程项目材料成本管理存在的各种问题及漏洞 ,要想改变现状 ,惟有通过招标采购及比价采购降低材料采购价格 ,加强材料计量、质量验收、出入库台账等管理 ,减少施工现场浪费及失盗 ,规范材料结算工作 ,才能有效降低材料成本 ,提高施工企业的经济效益。 展开更多
关键词 材料成本 成本管理 工程项目 招标采购 比价采购 材料采购 施工企业 工程造价 材料计量 材料结算
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做好非建筑业企业的建筑工程材料管理工作
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作者 王彦太 江茜 《山东商业会计》 2003年第4期20-21,共2页
关键词 非建筑业企业 建筑工程 材料管理工作 招标工作 中标合同 材料领用手续 材料结算管理 决算材料
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建设工程结算审计中应注意的几个问题
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作者 刘昱利 《中国科技财富》 2008年第10期139-139,共1页
控制建设项目投资的关键是控制工程的结算造价,本文结合笔者近期的审计实践,总结了工程结算审计中常遇到的问题并初探了相应的整改办法。
关键词 工程结算审计 签证管理 材料结算
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房地产开发企业会计中两个具体问题的处理
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作者 沈晓慧 《上海会计》 北大核心 2002年第9期23-24,共2页
一、预售商品房纳税业务的账务处理 按照<中华人民共和国营业税暂行条例实施细则>第二十八条规定:"纳税人转让土地使用权或销售不动产采用预收款方式的,其纳税义务发生时间为收到预收款的当天".按此规定,房地产经营企... 一、预售商品房纳税业务的账务处理 按照<中华人民共和国营业税暂行条例实施细则>第二十八条规定:"纳税人转让土地使用权或销售不动产采用预收款方式的,其纳税义务发生时间为收到预收款的当天".按此规定,房地产经营企业期末除按经营收入计算纳税外,还应按预收账款的余额计算纳税. 展开更多
关键词 房地产开发企业 中国 会计处理 材料结算 实际供应量 预算量
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对企业工程项目管理工作的几点建议
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作者 王东 魏学培 《煤炭经济研究》 北大核心 2004年第1期38-38,共1页
关键词 煤炭企业 可持续发展 中国 工程项目管理 工程决算 工程造价 工程量 材料结算价格
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Progressive failure analysis of composite structure based on micro- and macro-mechanics models 被引量:1
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作者 孙志刚 阮绍明 +1 位作者 陈磊 宋迎东 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第8期2980-2988,共9页
Based on parameter design language, a program of progressive failure analysis in composite structures is proposed. In this program, the relationship between macro- and micro-mechanics is established and the macro stre... Based on parameter design language, a program of progressive failure analysis in composite structures is proposed. In this program, the relationship between macro- and micro-mechanics is established and the macro stress distribution of the composite structure is calculated by commercial finite element software. According to the macro-stress, the damaged point is found and the micro-stress distribution of representative volume element is calculated by finite-volume direct averaging micromechanics(FVDAM). Compared with the results calculated by failure criterion based on macro-stress field(the maximum stress criteria and Hashin criteria) and micro-stress field(Huang model), it is proven that the failure analysis based on macro- and micro-mechanics model is feasible and efficient. 展开更多
关键词 composite progressive analysis finite-volume direct averaging micromechanics (FVDAM) failure criteria
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Plotting the Clarifying Curves and Determination of the Specific Amount of Settled Material during the Initial Period to Sedimentation in Stationary Column of Aqueous Suspensions of Solids
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作者 Victor Viorel Safta Mirela Dilea Gabriel Alexandru Constantin 《Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation》 2013年第4期203-208,共6页
The present paper presents an algorithm and a program for plotting the clarifying curves and for determination of the specific amount of settled material during the initial period based on data obtained from sedimenta... The present paper presents an algorithm and a program for plotting the clarifying curves and for determination of the specific amount of settled material during the initial period based on data obtained from sedimentation experiments in stationary column of aqueous suspensions of solids particles with different concentrations. The algorithm and program have been developed for an interactive, rapid and convenient processing of the data obtained from sedimentation experiments in stationary column of aqueous suspensions of solids particles and allow obtaining with accuracy of precise and expressive graphs which characterize the behaviour of aqueous suspensions to sedimentation in stationary column. Sedimentation study of different aqueous suspensions of solids particles in stationary column is of great importance for experimentally determining the important parameters required to design and exploitation clarifiers and sludge thickeners from waste water treatment plants. 展开更多
关键词 Sedimentation in stationary column of aqueous suspensions algorithm program clarifying curves specific amount ofsettled material during the initial period
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Experimental study and analysis on fatigue stiffness of RC beams strengthened with CFRP and steel plate 被引量:13
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作者 卢亦焱 胡玲 +1 位作者 李杉 王康昊 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第3期701-707,共7页
The objective of this work is to investigate the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete(RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and steel plate. An experimental investigati... The objective of this work is to investigate the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete(RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and steel plate. An experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were made on the law of deflection development and stiffness degradation, as well as the influence of fatigue load ranges. Test results indicate that the law of three-stage change under fatigue loading is followed by both midspan deflection and permanent deflection, which also have positive correlation with fatigue load amplitude. Fatigue stiffness of composite strengthened beams degrades gradually with the increasing of number of cycles. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model by effective moment of inertia method is developed for calculating the sectional stiffness of such composite strengthened beams under fatigue loading, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. 展开更多
关键词 carbon fiber reinforced polymer steel plate composite strengthening technique reinforced concrete beams fatigue stiffness
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Modeling of Water Vapor Condensation by Using Computer Methodology
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作者 Jan Skramlik Miloslav Novotny Karel Suhajda 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2013年第6期704-711,共8页
The excessive moisture has an adverse effect on the building materials structure. Most standard construction materials are characterized by porous structure, resulting in the ability to absorb water in liquid and gase... The excessive moisture has an adverse effect on the building materials structure. Most standard construction materials are characterized by porous structure, resulting in the ability to absorb water in liquid and gaseous phases in the inner pores. Under certain conditions, water fills the pores within the structure of building material and then moves back to its surrounding. Many technical studies have shown that monitoring the moisture transport is mainly based on experimental methods. This work is based on models of transport of moisture in building physics, i.e., the description of the moisture behaviour of building materials based on physical laws models (KRISCHER, KIESSL). The aim of this work is to obtain the parameters of distribution of moisture for calculation capillary conductivity coefficient for practical using by means of non-destructive method. The authors have now developed all the software required to perform a boundary element analysis of problems in potential flow. The examples which the authors can analyse will, however, be restricted to homogenous domains. 展开更多
关键词 Capillary conductivity coefficient moisture transfer EMWR (electromagnetic microwave radiation) diffusion.
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Spectrum and Binding Energy of an Off-Center Hydrogenic Donor in a Spherical Quantum Dot
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作者 袁建辉 黄锦胜 +2 位作者 尹淼 曾奇军 张俊佩 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第8期369-372,共4页
Off-center impurity effects in a spherical quantum dot are theoretically studied by degenerate perturbationmethod in strong confinement.The energy levels and binding energies are computed for the typical GaAs material... Off-center impurity effects in a spherical quantum dot are theoretically studied by degenerate perturbationmethod in strong confinement.The energy levels and binding energies are computed for the typical GaAs material asfunction of the donor position.The numerical results show the quantum size effect.We note that the energy levels andbinding energies are not only related to the position of donor and the strength of confinement,but also related to thefold of degenerate states.We can see obviously that gaps will appear among the degenerate states and the splitting ofenergy levels and binding energies will appear as the position of the impurity is shifted away off the center. 展开更多
关键词 quantum dots impurity levels binding energy
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Reasonable selection of yield criteria for quantitative analysis of unsaturated soil slope stability 被引量:2
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作者 LIU Zi-zhen YAN Zhi-xin +2 位作者 REN Zhi-hua QIU Zhan-hong DUAN Jian 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第7期1304-1312,共9页
The yield criterion parameters of the soil material change with different values of the cohesion and the angle of friction because of sustained rainfall infiltration. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb(M-C) and Drucker-Prager(... The yield criterion parameters of the soil material change with different values of the cohesion and the angle of friction because of sustained rainfall infiltration. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb(M-C) and Drucker-Prager(D-P) yield criteria, some reasonable yield criteria selections were discussed for quantitative analysis of unsaturated soil slope stability. Moreover, a critical point was found at the effective angle of friction equaling to 16.5° by transformation of parameters related to unsaturated soil under sustained rainfall. When the effective angle of friction more than 16.5° through parameter transformation of different yield criteria under natural condition, the calculation result of the safety factor was such that: f(DP1) > f(M-C) > f(equivalent M-C) > f(DP2) > f(DP3). While the effective angle of friction less than 16.5°, through parameter transformation, the safety factors were in the following order: f(DP1) > f(M-C) > f(DP2) > f(equivalent M-C) > f(DP3). The calculated results from a case study showed that the equivalent M-C yield criterion should be the best at evaluating soil slope stability before rainfall; the DP2 yield criterion should be selected to calculate the soil slope stability at the effective angle of friction less than 16.5° under sustained rainfall. The yield criterion should be selected or adjusted reasonably to calculate the safety factor of unsaturated soil slopes before and during sustained rainfall. 展开更多
关键词 Unsaturated soil slope Yield criteria Parameter transformation Rainfall Safety factor
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Synergistic effect of a new wedge-bond-type anchor for CFRP tendons
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作者 谢桂华 刘荣桂 +2 位作者 陈蓓 李明君 石天罡 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第6期2260-2266,共7页
In order to improve the anchoring force of anchors for carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) tendons further, a new wedge-bond-type anchor for CFRP tendons was developed. The increment in anchoring force induced by th... In order to improve the anchoring force of anchors for carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) tendons further, a new wedge-bond-type anchor for CFRP tendons was developed. The increment in anchoring force induced by the clamping segment of anchor was studied. Taking the deformation of all parts in clamping segment in the transverse direction into consideration, the calculation formula for the increment of anchoring force was proposed based on the linear elastic hypotheses. The proposed model is verified by experiments and conclusions are drawn that the anchoring force is influenced mainly by the inclination angle of clamping pieces, the length of clamping part and the thickness of bonding medium. Especially, the thickness of bonding medium should be lowered in design to improve the synergistic effect of anchors. 展开更多
关键词 carbon fiber reinforced polymer ANCHOR wedge-bond-type synergistic effect elastic mechanics
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In-situ Micro-CT analysis of deformation behavior in sandwich-structured meta-stable beta Ti−35Nb alloy
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作者 Yu-jing LIU Zi-lin ZHANG +4 位作者 Jin-cheng WANG Xiang WU Xiao-chun LIU Wei-ying HUANG Lai-chang ZHANG 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS 2024年第8期2552-2562,共11页
Beta Ti−35Nb sandwich-structured composites with various reinforcing layers were designed and produced using additive manufacturing(AM)to achieve a balance between light weight and high strength.The impact of reinforc... Beta Ti−35Nb sandwich-structured composites with various reinforcing layers were designed and produced using additive manufacturing(AM)to achieve a balance between light weight and high strength.The impact of reinforcing layers on the compressive deformation behavior of porous composites was investigated through micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)and finite element method(FEM)analyses.The results indicate that the addition of reinforcement layers to sandwich structures can significantly enhance the compressive yield strength and energy absorption capacity of porous metal structures;Micro-CT in-situ observation shows that the strain of the porous structure without the reinforcing layer is concentrated in the middle region,while the strain of the porous structure with the reinforcing layer is uniformly distributed;FEM analysis reveals that the reinforcing layers can alter stress distribution and reduce stress concentration,thereby promoting uniform deformation of the porous structure.The addition of reinforcing layer increases the compressive yield strength of sandwich-structured composite materials by 124%under the condition of limited reduction of porosity,and the yield strength increases from 4.6 to 10.3 MPa. 展开更多
关键词 beta titanium alloy sandwich-structured composite in-situ micro-computed tomography finite element modeling compressive behavior
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Dynamic flow resistivity based model for sound absorption of multi-layer sintered fibrous metals 被引量:3
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作者 MENG Han AO QingBo +2 位作者 TANG HuiPing XIN FengXian LU TianJian 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第11期2096-2105,共10页
The sound absorbing performance of the sintered fibrous metallic materials is investigated by employing a dynamic flow resistivity based model,in which the porous material is modeled as randomly distributed parallel f... The sound absorbing performance of the sintered fibrous metallic materials is investigated by employing a dynamic flow resistivity based model,in which the porous material is modeled as randomly distributed parallel fibers specified by two basic physical parameters:fiber diameter and porosity.A self-consistent Brinkman approach is applied to the calculation of the dynamic resistivity of flow perpendicular to the cylindrical fibers.Based on the solved flow resistivity,the sound absorption of single layer fibrous material can be obtained by adopting the available empirical equations.Moreover,the recursion formulas of surface impedance are applied to the calculation of the sound absorption coefficient of multi-layer fibrous materials.Experimental measurements are conducted to validate the proposed model,with good agreement achieved between model predictions and tested data.Numerical calculations with the proposed model are subsequently performed to quantify the influences of fiber diameter,porosity and backed air gap on sound absorption of uniform(single-layer)fibrous materials.Results show that the sound absorption increases with porosity at higher frequencies but decreases with porosity at lower frequencies.The sound absorption also decreases with fiber diameter at higher frequencies but increases at lower frequencies.The sound absorption resonance is shifted to lower frequencies with air gap.For multi-layer fibrous materials,gradient distributions of both fiber diameter and porosity are introduced and their effects on sound absorption are assessed.It is found that increasing the porosity and fiber diameter variation improves sound absorption in the low frequency range.The model provides the possibility to tailor the sound absorption capability of the sintered fibrous materials by optimizing the gradient distributions of key physical parameters. 展开更多
关键词 sound absorption sintered fibrous material dynamic flow resistivity
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Theoretical modeling of steel reinforced ECC column under eccentric compressive loading 被引量:4
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作者 PAN JinLong GU Jie CHEN JunHan 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第5期889-898,共10页
Fiber reinforced cementitious composites(ECC) are a class of advanced composites with strain hardening and multiple cracking behaviors. Substitution of concrete with ECC can significantly improve the seismic resistanc... Fiber reinforced cementitious composites(ECC) are a class of advanced composites with strain hardening and multiple cracking behaviors. Substitution of concrete with ECC can significantly improve the seismic resistance and durability of the infrastructures. In this paper, it is proposed to use ECC as the matrix of frame columns for improving its load carrying capacity, ductility, and avoiding the brittleness of concrete. Based on the assumption of plane remaining plane and constitutive models of materials, theoretical models for calculating the load-carrying capacity of the steel reinforced ECC columns under small and large eccentric compression are proposed. With the parameters of the constitutive models from the existing experimental data, the relationship between ultimate axial load and moment capacities is also derived with the proposed models. To verify the validity of the proposed theoretical models, finite element analysis with the software of ATENA is conducted to simulate the mechanical behavior of the steel reinforced ECC columns under eccentric compressive loading. The calculation results from the theoretical models show good consistency with the simulated results, indicating that the proposed models are feasible and reliable for design. Finally, based on the theoretical models, the effect of the ultimate tensile strain and compressive strength of ECC, longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the load carrying capacity of the steel reinforced ECC column are comprehensively studied. 展开更多
关键词 compressive reinforced ultimate durability constitutive reinforcement tensile columns carrying calculating
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Molecular cocrystal odyssey to unconventional electronics and photonics 被引量:1
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作者 Weigang Zhu Xiaotao Zhang Wenping Hu 《Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CSCD 2021年第5期512-520,M0004,共10页
Cocrystal has been discovered and studied for more than 170 years since 1844, while the applications to optoelectronics only begin in the last decade. Several general questions that chemists and materials scientists c... Cocrystal has been discovered and studied for more than 170 years since 1844, while the applications to optoelectronics only begin in the last decade. Several general questions that chemists and materials scientists currently seek to answer are: can we design and control the molecular self-assembly and cocrystal growth, what’s the packing-property correlations, as well as how can we improve device parameters for real applications in industry. In this contribution, we review our and other groups’ recent advances in the cocrystal research field sequentially including:(1) nucleation and growth mechanisms for selective preparation of cocrystals with different donor/acceptor ratio and morphology;(2) charge transport and electronic devices, particularly field-effect transistor(FET) and photo-response device. We discuss the in-situ single crystal device fabrication method, ambipolar charge transport, and molecular packingcharge separation correlation;(3) photonic and optical property, focusing on optical waveguide, photonic logic computation, and nonlinear optics(NLO). We present unusual optical properties revealed by advanced instruments and general structure-function relations for future study. Importantly, the extensive investigations described herein yield in-depth and detailed understandings of molecular cocrystals,and show that such bi-component material systems together with the developed instrument measurement methodologies have the potential to initiate unconventional electronic and photonic science and technology. 展开更多
关键词 SELF-ASSEMBLY COCRYSTAL ELECTRONICS PHOTONICS
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