不同面积Kapton材料的放电特性实验研究

航天器表面介质材料在空间等离子环境下会产生放电现象,放电诱发的瞬态脉冲会对航天器在轨安全运行产生严重影响。通过对不同面积的125μm厚Kapton温控材料进行放电实验,对放电诱发的瞬态脉冲进行测量,总结分析其规律,得出4～36 cm2Kapton材料和64～225 cm2Kapton材料的放电波形存在比较大的差异,而且随着材料面积增加,Kapton材料的放电电流峰值、放电持续时间、放电电荷损失量和放电频率都相应的升高。对Kapton材料放电特性的研究,将为航天器带电防护设计和放电危害评估提供数据支持。

形状和面积对聚酰亚胺材料表面带电特性的影响研究

在空间等离子体环境中,表面带电是导致航天器在轨运行异常的重要因素之一.利用SCF-900型空间材料表面带电模拟系统,开展聚酰亚胺(Kapton)材料不同形状和面积的表面带电特性研究.实验结果表明:同一面积而不同形状的Kapton材料,其最高表面带电电位与材料的面积和周长的比值(S/L)有关,即S/L值越小,材料表面带电电位越小;同样形状和厚度的Kapton材料,最高表面带电电位随着材料面积的增加而增大.

运用结构性材料,助推学生提出问题——“三角形的面积”教学实录和评析

【教学内容】人教版教材五年级上册第91~92页＂三角形的面积＂。【教学目标】1.理解三角形面积计算公式的推导过程,会正确计算三角形的面积。2.通过猜测、操作、观察、比较等数学活动,进一步理解转化思想方法在探索三角形面积计算中的作用,培养空间想象能力。3.借助教学材料和生成资源,初步培养主动质疑和提出问题的能力。

锂电池中高比表面积的导电剂分散和ALD包覆性能优化

本研究以高比表面积的导电添加剂为基体材料,通过原子层沉积(ALD)法生长氧化铝纳米薄膜,制备改性高比表面积的导电添加剂。采用扫描电镜及透射电镜对包覆改性前后导电剂的形貌进行表征,发现采用ALD方法可以在高比表面积的导电添加剂表面生长纳米氧化铝。利用扣电方法测试改性导电剂对锂离子电池性能的影响。在高电压下,改性高比表面积的导电剂制备的锂离子电池在倍率循环性能、库伦效率、充放电性能等方面都有很大程度的提高。ALD氧化铝薄膜的厚度会影响锂离子电池性能。高比表面积的导电剂则需要更长时间的ALD生长氧化铝,达到提高锂离子电池倍率(0~8C)循环性能的结果。

材料散发对零部件挥发性有机化合物释放量的影响

随着人们用车需求的升级,健康座舱受到的关注度在不断升高。目前国内各大主机厂通过管控整车VOCs来提升车内空气质量。从源头上看,整车VOCs的贡献度主要来自原材料的有机挥发物散发。本研究选取软内饰零部件及注塑类零部件,结果表明,零部件VOCs释放量随材料散发量的升高总体呈升高趋势。在软内饰零部件中,当材料的散发面积增加时,甲醛及丙烯醛的含量增幅最大。在注塑类零部件中,当原材料样件数量增加时,甲苯含量的增幅最大。

Stress analysis of anisotropic thick laminates in cylindrical bending using a semi-analytical approach

Semi-analytical elasticity solutions for bending of angle-ply laminates in cylindrical bending are presented using the state-space-based differential quadrature method (SSDQM). Partial differential state equation is derived from the basic equations of elasticity based on the state space concept. Then, the differential quadrature (DQ) technique is introduced to discretize the longitu- dinal domain of the plate so that a series of ordinary differential state equations are obtained at the discrete points. Meanwhile, the edge constrained conditions are handled directly using the stress and displacement components without the Saint-Venant principle. The thickness domain is solved analytically based on the state space formalism along with the continuity conditions at interfaces. The present method is validated by comparing the results to the exact solutions of Pagano’s problem. Numerical results for fully clamped thick laminates are presented, and the influences of ply angle on stress distributions are discussed.

Effect of Properties of Carbon Materials on Performance of VRLA Batteries

In the present study, the relationship between properties of different carbon materials and their impact on performance of VRLA （valve regulated lead acid） battery was studied. The material properties undertaken for the study are： surface area, conductivity and water absorption of the carbon. The electrode morphology revealed the uniform distribution of active material when high surface area carbon was added to NAM （negative active material）. The porosity of the plate also exhibited changes with respect to type of carbon materials added. The study further revealed that, the addition of high surface area carbon （-1,400 m^2/g） improves the charge acceptance of the battery with higher loading. Further improvement in charge acceptance was observed with addition of graphite to higher surface area carbon. Nevertheless, the float current of the battery got affected due to graphite loading and found there was no impact on shelf life of the battery in all the cases. The study demonstrates the need for customized ＂carbon formulation＂ to obtain the maximum performance out of the battery.

Synthesis and Application of a Zeolite-containing Composite Material Made from Spent FCC Catalyst

Novel composite material with a wide pore distribution was synthesized by an in situ technique using spent FCC catalyst as raw material. The characterization results indicated that the composite material contained 56.7% of zeolite Y and exhibited a much larger specific surface area and pore volume as well as strong hydrothermal stability. Fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) catalyst was prepared based on the composite material. The results indicated that the as-prepared catalyst possessed a unique pore structure that was advantageous to the diffusion-controlled reactions. In addition, the attrition resistance, activity and hydrothermal stability of the studied catalyst were superior to those of the reference catalyst. The catalyst also exhibited excellent nickel and vanadium passivation performance, strong bottoms upgrading selectivity, and better gasoline and coke selectivity. In comparison to the reference catalyst, the yields of the gasoline and light oil increased by 1.61 and 1.31 percentage points, respectively, and the coke yield decreased by 0.22 percentage points, and the olefin content in the produced gasoline reduced by 2.51 percentage points, with the research octane number increased by 0.7 unit.

Study on Titanium Nitride Film Modified for Intraocular Lens

Objective:To study the characteristics of the intraocular lens using ion beam sputtering depositing titanium nitride thin film on the intraocular lens(IOLs).Methods:To deposite titanium nitride thin film on the top of intraocular lens by ion beam sputtering depositing.We analyzed the surface morphology of intraocular lens through SEM and AFM.We detected intraocular lens resolution through the measurement of intraocular lens.Biocompatibility of intraocular lens is preliminary evaluated in this test.Results:The surface morphology of intraocular lens material was not changed,and was in line with the requirements of smoothness.Resolution was in line with national requirements.Unmodified and modified IOLs's cytotoxicity were 1 and 0.6 grade respectively.Hemolytic rates of modified and unmodified were both less than 5%.Conclusion:Ion beam sputtering deposition of objects didn't only affect the surface morphology and the basic optical performance,but also can enhance the biocompatibility of intraocular lens.Ion beam sputtering deposition technique has provided new methods for the surface modification of IOLs and PMMA materials.

What are the practical limits for the specific surface area and capacitance of bulk sp^2 carbon materials?

The possible practical limits for the specific surface area and capacitance performance of bulk sp^2 carbon materials were investigated experimentally and theoretically using a variety of carbon materials. We find the limit for the specific surface area to be 3500–3700 m^2 g^(-1), and based on this, the corresponding best capacitance was predicted for various electrolyte systems. A model using an effective ionic diameter for the electrolyte ions was proposed and used to calculate the theoretical capacitance. A linear dependence of experimental capacitance versus effective specific surface area of various sp^2 carbon materials was obtained for all studied ionic liquid, organic and aqueous electrolyte systems. Furthermore, excellent agreement between the theoretical and experimental capacitance was observed for all the tested sp^2 carbon materials in these electrolyte systems, indicating that this model can be applied widely in the evaluation of various carbon materials for supercapacitors.

Effect of surface area and heteroatom of porous carbon materials on electrochemical capacitance in aqueous and organic electrolytes

A series of porous carbon materials with wide range of specific surface areas and different heteroatom contents had been prepared using polyaniline as carbon precursor and KOH as an activating agent. Effect of surface area and heteroatom of porous carbon materials on specific capacitance was investigated thoroughly in two typical aqueous KOH and organic 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/acetonitirle electrolytes. The different trends of capacitance performance were observed in these two electrolytes. Electrochemical analyses suggested that the presence of faradaic interactions on heteroatom-enriched carbon materials in organic environment is less significant than that observed in aqueous electrolytes. Thus, in aqueous electrolyte, a balance between surface area and heteroatom content of activated porous carbon would be found to develop a supercapacitor with high energy density. In organic electrolyte, the capacitance performance of porous carbon is strongly dependent on the surface area. The results may be useful for the design of porous carbon-based supercapacitor with the desired capacitive performance in aqueous and organic electrolytes.

Polymer-coated nanoporous carbons for trace seawater uranium adsorption

Polymer-coated mesoporous carbon nanocomposites were prepared from the immobilization of acrylonitrile and acrylic acid copolymers with divinylbenzene as a crosslinker onto a mesoporous carbon framework.High surface areas were maintained after polymerization with accessible porosity.This functional nanocomposite was tested as an adsorbent for uranium from high salinity solutions.Uranium adsorption results have shown that the adsorption capacities are strongly influenced by the density of the amidoxime groups and the specific surface area.

Activated pyrolysed bacterial cellulose as electrodes for supercapacitors

In this paper, the bacterial celluloses(BCs) were pyrolysed in nitrogen and then activated by KOH to form a porous three- dimension-network electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Activated pyrolysed bacterial cellulose(APBC) samples with enlarged specific surface area and enhanced specific capacitances were obtained. In order to optimize electrochemical properties, APBC samples with different alkali-to-carbon ratios of 1, 2 and 3 were tested in two electrodes symmetrical capacitors. The optimized APBC sample holds the highest specific capacitance of 241.8 F/g, and the energy density of which is 5 times higher than that of PBC even at a current density of 5 A/g. This work presents a successful practice of preparing electrode material from environment-friendly biomass, bacterial cellulose.