“村中城”:一种乡村都市化类型的研究

都市化对乡村带来的影响并不仅仅表现为城中村。"村中城"也是乡村都市化的另一种重要类型而理应得到关注。民乐地区发达的丝织业传统以及便利的水运资源使得它在20世纪50~90年代的社会发展中快速获得成为"城"的基础,但经济发展方式及城市规划的改变使得它又逐渐沉寂下来,成为具有稳定的空间结构、地方化的经济网络和传统主义的社会整合体系,被村庄围绕的"村中城"。以民乐社区为代表的"村中城"发展实践表明在特定地区分散性的乡村都市化不是一种过渡阶段,而是一种稳定持续的都市发展方式。

经济欠发达地区“村中城”的特征与规划策略——以广东省五华县城为例

"村中城"与"城中村"不同,它是在城镇化、工业化动力不强的经济欠发达地区出现的城镇化现象。通过对广东省五华县城案例的分析可知,"村中城"现象的主要成因为"城弱乡强"的发展动力差异,这种差异具有过渡型、混合型的特征,宜从发展动力、空间拓展、设施触媒和村庄控制4个方面进行规划引导,使其由无序发展变成有序发展。

农村宅基地规范化经营性开发问题的思考--兼析农村“村中城”建设的战略性意义

相对于城市化进程中形成的"城中村",植根于农村地域的"村中城"则拓宽了城乡经济融合的路子。由政府牵头和投资公司经营的农民宅基地资本化运作,有利于推进城乡一体化进程,对经济先发地区乃至全国都具有典型示范意义。

“村中城”的地方经济网络研究——以佛山西樵镇民乐地方为例

上世纪90年代,珠三角城市化特征由过去的自下而上自发性发展模式转变为自上而下以中心带动边缘的发展模式。民乐作为曾经西樵纺织业的工业、贸易核心区,伴随当地纺织业转型,其区域角色从中心走向边缘,地方经济网络发生巨大变迁,形成了与传统的珠三角"城中村"地区截然不同的地方经济结构。

“村中城”:物业服务别打折

怀来紧邻北京,坐拥官厅水库的湖光山色、天然画图。近年来,随着京津冀协同发展战略的实施,怀来如何融入京津冀一体化,吸引北京企业入驻,人口流入,成为当地党委政府的重点课题。其中一项关键工作,就是为外来人口提供更好的生活条件。目前,官厅水库之滨新建住宅小区如雨后春笋,不啻在当地乡镇辖区内矗立起一座“村中城”。

村是厨房,戏隐人生 浅谈第七届“深双”中盐田大梅沙村的空间再生产

深圳盐田大梅沙村,是一个被各类度假酒店和现代建筑包围起来的海边村落。以2017深港双年展为契机,策展人通过建筑改造和艺术创作双重介入的方式,渐进式提升了大梅沙村的公共空间品质和社区归属感。该次策展是在快速城市化的过程中,建筑师与艺术家为城与村的共荣共生共享提供的另一种可能。

南头古城保护与更新,深圳,中国

位于中国深圳城市中心区域的南头古城有着始于晋代的1700余年建城史,近百年间,古城不断消退,村庄不断膨胀,随着深圳城市化的加剧,最终形成城市包围村庄、而村庄又包含古城的城村环环相扣、古城时隐时现的复杂格局——"城中村中城"。2016年初,都市实践的设计和研究团队介入南头保护与更新项目,认为只有尊重历史原真性、且珍视各个时代的文化层积和历史印记.

Hollow Villages and Rural Restructuring in Major Rural Regions of China: A Case Study of Yucheng City, Shandong Province

The agricultural land resources of China are relatively limited because of its large population.Therefore,balancing the land use for industrialization,urbanization,and food security is a big challenge.In recent years,rural hollowing in China has resulted in numerous of abandoned rural houses,and the areas with abandoned houses need to be restored into agricultural land with effective land consolidation techniques.This study used the method of benefit-cost analysis and the data collected through field surveys conducted in Yucheng City in the northwest of Shandong Province in March 2009,to examine how hollow villages (HVs) to be created and how to solve the problem.The qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate following results.1) The situation of HVs is becoming increasingly severe under rapid industrialization and urbanization in Yucheng City.2) Poor infrastructure in rural areas and incomplete urbanization are the main factors that have led to the rural hollowing in many major rural regions of China.3) In order to resolve the problem caused by HVs and increase agricultural land,reconstructing rural communities in the countryside is necessary.4) A new mechanism in the provision of compensation funds by developed regions to the villages in less-developed regions must be established.

Environmental Effects on Rural-to-Urban Migration in China

Abstract： Migration process has become increasingly important in recent research on population and the environment. A majority of the existing migration and environment literature has focused on the environmental causes and determinants of migration. With the largest rural-to-urban migration flow in world history, and growing concerns about the environmental problems accompanying its fast economic development, China provides a particularly important case for migration and environment research. This paper reviews major migration theories and recent research on environmental effects on migration, with specific attention to the influences of en- vironmental factors on rural-to-urban labor migration in China. A comprehensive multilevel conceptual framework is developed for studying the environmental causes of rural-to-urban migration in China. The effects of land resources on household labor migration decisions in rural China are explored to illustrate the application of this framework.

On the Process of Peasant Workers' Transformation to Urban Residents

The unique two-stage "Chinese path" of China’s ru-ral-urban migration, which cannot be fully explained by classical theories of economic development, makes us to give peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents a top priority. On the basis of fully explaining peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents, a method for measuring its process has been advanced and then confirmed with the data of March in 2005 from surveys to peasant workers in Wuhan. Finally, the suggestions of acceler-ating peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents to pro-mote the construction of a harmonious society have been drawn from the analysis.

Costs and Strategies on Urbanization of Chinese Megacities’ Rural Areas Based on a Case Study of Beijing

As urbanization expands＇ into the suburbs of Chinese cities, the conversion of farmers into citizens with urban social protection is becoming an important issue facing Chinese megacities. Taking Beijing as an example, this paper has calculated the one-off urbanization cost of farmers in China and arrived at the results of 500, 000 yuan per person for urbanization of centralized target regions in the suburb and 200, 000 yuan per person for urbanization of scattered target regions in the exurb. This paper considers that a diversified cost sharing mechanism should be put into place for the step-by-step urbanization of farmers. In addition, policy recommendations are proposed regarding the functional transformation of collective economic organizations, eradication of the urban-rural divide, enhancement of land system innovation and policy improvements for urbanization of rural residents.

Regional Variation in the SME-Audit Firm Relationship

The purpose of the paper is to examine how the relationship between small and medium sized enterprises （SMEs） and their auditor varies between regions. Auditing literature, regional, and network studies are used to set up hypotheses on differences between rural regions and the metropolitan urban region. Survey data from 421 SMEs are analyzed and findings support that in rural regions, especially those with a strong entrepreneurial culture and tight inter-organizational links, the SME-auditor relationship is to a larger extent trust-based compared to the urban region. In the rural region, the auditor assumes the role as a business support agent providing valuable strategic advice. The SME-auditor relationship is weakest in the urban region where the auditor＇s role is limited.

Research on Financial Support of New Countryside Construction in China

The cpc＇s 13th Five-Year comprehensive plan put forward a major historic task of building a new socialist countryside. This is the comprehensive implementation of urban and rural development to increase industrial agriculture, move the city to support the countryside, accelerate urbanization and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. To solve the ＂three rural issues＂, the comprehensive construction ofa well-offsociety, has a very important strategic role to ease the contradiction of China＇s rural and urban ecnomic structure. In the process of building a new socialist countryside, the financial policy, as an important means ofmacroeconomic regulation and control, should play a leading role in solving the effective allocation ＆funds. Due to various factors affected by the current supply of rural financial market constraints, system defects and environmental constraints, there is a large gap between the level of the existing rural financial services and the requirements of the new rural construction which is to be improved urgently.

A Study on the Remarriage Issues of the Rural Elderly

Our aging process, at the same time, the number of single elderly population is increasing year by year, which makes the elderly remarriage problem becomes more serious. With the acceleration of urbanization process in China, economic development gap between urban and rural areas is widening, resulting in a lot of social problems, of which there are a lot of weak social groups in the cultural and economic level is relatively backward rural areas. Thought to be bound by their material conditions is not high, in the face of social problems even more weak, and they lost even among the elderly also faces remarry rare status quo. Rural elderly remarriage can be resolved related to quality of life and how happy they are old age, so this research will focus on the vast rural areas. After the Rongcheng County of Baoding, Hebei Province and five ordinary village Yixian interviews conducted, combined with a large research literature summed up his own research ideas and research methods. Find out China＇s rural elderly remarriage even lose relevance, problems and influence factors, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions： the elderly themselves from both the individual and the external environment to solve. Elderly people to establish a correct view of marriage and spouse, and actively carry out another marriage personal preparation. External environmental needs of the family, society and country in three areas to work together to form a joint force to support the establishment of Trinity molding system from three angles.

Explore economic restructuring Institutional Analysis based on the urban-rural dual economic structure

China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China＇ s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.

China＇s Urbanization Drive and Its Consequences： The Jimo Case

One million Chinese villages have disappeared in the three decades since the beginning of China＇s rural reform, one third of the total. As a result of this urbanization, China can no longer produce enough grain for itself. In 2012, China imported 80 million tons of grain, which is about 12% of its total grain need. Now the new Chinese Government inaugurated in 2013 has stepped up its push for more urbanization. Many more rural villages throughout China have been dismantled or will be dismantled at a crazy pace. China＇s environmental degradation will surely further deteriorate. This paper is a case study about urbanization and its social, economic, and environmental consequences in China.

Challenges and Opportunities for China＇s Agricultural and Rural Development in the 12th Five-year Plan Period

Despite the great progress of rural socioeconomic development in the 11 th Five-year Plan period （2006-2010）, China＇s agriculture and countryside are still.lacing the challenges of a crude development pattern, backward rural development and cities＇ weak driving effect on the countryside. In the 12th Five-year Plan period （20I 1-2015）, China should transform the way agriculture grows and operates; promote rural socioeconomic development; improve urban planning and its functions, institutional innovation, and urban/rural integration to lay a solid foundation for building an all-round well- off society.

Study on the Rual Migrant Workers＇ Willingness to Have Urban Hukou and the Choice of Urbanization Path of China in Recent Years

Based on the empirically analysis of the data from a nationwide survey in 2010 in China, the study found. （1） The overwhelming majority of rural migrant workers in China were not willing to convert their rural household registration （nongye hukou） to an urban or non-rural registration Orei nong hukou）. If they were required to return the rural land contract rights as precondition, only lOper cent were willing to be urban citizens. （2） For the small proportion of migrant workers who were willing to convert their rural household registration to urban household registration, ＇obtaining access to better education and more opportunities for the continuation of education for their children＇ is the major incentive. （3） The primary reason for retaining a rural hukou, on the other hand, is to keep their rural contract land. （4） Finally, there is no significant difference between the rural migrant workers who were born before 1980 and those after 1980, in term of the attitude toward converting rural hukou to urban hukou. The policy recommendations drew from the findings are as follows： 1） In order to promote the urbanization process, the government should choose the path of ＇urbanization based on the long term residence in the towns and cities＇ instead of the path of ＂urbanization based on household registration ＇. 2） The rural migrant workers should be converted into urban citizens without being forced to give up their contact land. 3） The government should give equal weight in policy making to the migrant workers born before 1980 and those born after 1980. Therefore, the policy emphasis of deepening the urbanization of China should focus on the ＇equalization of the resource allocation of the public services and social welfare＂ while the characteristics of the separation of the household registration system should not be strengthened any longer.

Breakthrough and New Projects for Reform of Household Registration System

Under the comprehensive deepening reform and promoting new urbanization,China launched a new round of reform of household registration system.Reform has a major breakthrough in five areas:to implement new urbanization strategy of human-centric,to achieve equalization of basic public services gradually,to break up land rights and rural migrants,to provide protection for family migrants,and to increase financial support by governments.But the reform still faces many difficulties,how to determine the conditions settled by city size is difficult to implement effectively,financial transfer payment system reform is facing enormous diffi culties,as well as the size of the urban population is diffi cult to determine etc.

The attitudes of primary school teachers toward inclusive education in rural and urban China

This study investigated the attitudes of primary school teachers from the selected rural and urban areas in China toward inclusive education.The results indicated that,(1)teachers’attitudes are composed of three dimensions:positive and negative effects of inclusion,and benefits of segregated special education;(2)most surveyed teachers demonstrated positive attitudes toward segregated special school education while supporting inclusion;(3)rural and urban teachers held significantly different attitudes toward inclusion,and urban teachers were more negative toward inclusion than rural ones;and(4)teachers’attitudes were not essentially influenced by resources,teaching years or relevant special education training.