村级报账员何以吞噬巨额征地款——简析赤峰市松山区穆家营子镇下洼子村原报账员张春祥违纪违法问题

2008年初,张春祥开始担任赤峰市松山区穆家营子镇下洼子村村委会报账员,主要负责管理村委会的资金。2009年初,赤峰市某公司与下洼子村委会签订征收土地协议书,征收村集体土地400余亩,征收补偿款总额1500多万元。

脱贫战尤酣奋进正当时——记广西龙胜各族自治县龙甸村原第一书记王昊

“推进精准扶贫工作就像钉钉子一样,保持力度、保持韧劲,一锤接着一锤敲,直到铆实钉牢,以实的作风、实的措施赢来精准脱贫的实效.”一见到记者,广西壮族自治区桂林市龙胜各族自治县泗水乡龙甸村原第一书记王昊就毫不犹豫分享了自己的驻村“法宝”.尽管重回桂林市委宣传部已两月有余,但谈起此前两年多的驻村帮扶经历,王昊依然兴奋,“驻村经历让我丰富了自己的阅历,能为老百姓做一些实实在在的事,再苦再累也值得.”

富家原村塬面保护工程实施经验与效益

乡宁县昌宁镇城北塬富家原村塬面保护工程,涉及富家原、十里铺、刘家原3个自然村的247户1238口人,属国家2017年度农业综合开发黄土高原塬面保护建设项目的组成部分。工程建设内容为:新增保护塬面面积4.2 km^2,新修引水渠145 m,沉砂池1座,1000 m^3蓄水池1座,排水渠710 m,消力池3座,土质沟边埂29600 m,机修梯田13 hm^2,植树256株。工程于2017年9月28日开工,至2018年10月15日全部完工。共挖填土方3700 m^3,挖填石方800 m^3,混凝土830 m^3,桨砌石3800 m^3。介绍了项目实施情况与经验,分析评价了综合效益。

“举报专家”被砍 主谋是村干部

据《大河报》消息，“举报专家”河南省濮阳县庆祖镇孙还城村农民孙世朝，4年来先后举报电网改造、克扣赴新疆摘棉花农民工生活费、镇电工收取上户费等不法行为，均引起了上级部门的重视。今年1月24日凌晨，被举报者、村原支部副书记、村委会副主任等雇凶闯进孙世朝家，手持刀棍将孙世朝的左臂砍断，右膝盖骨砍掉一块，右脚后跟削掉半截，右腿砍两刀。经过及时抢救，孙世朝脱离生命危险：

Strategies for Traditional Village Sustainable Development in Fuzhou City from the Perspective of Native Residents

Traditional village protection has been a hot topic recently. And traditional villages are far from meeting residents＇ demands in infrastructure as economic and social advances. Besides, local residents are not fully aware of cultural protection or inheritance, so that many traditional buildings long fallen into disrepair, have been replaced by new ones. In the meantime, the population of migrant workers is in- creasing, making cultural inheritance more difficult and causing decreasing of tradi- tional villages. Now, it is an important and tough job to release the conflict between increasing material needs of the people and historical cultural inheritance. In the re- search, field investigation was made on Dongkeng Village, Le＇an county to seek the optimal strategy for traditional village sustainable development from the perspective of importance on traditional village protection.

Gender Dimensions on the Factors Related to HIV/AIDS in Rural China

5033 farmers were interviewed to participate in a cluster sampling survey on factors related to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in one rural area in China. The results showed that females attended school for a shorter time than males, males had a higher awareness of HIV/AIDS and held more positive attitudes toward PLWHAs. Nearly equal percentages of men and women in the area surveyed, sold blood. Eleven percent more men than women had a history of migration. Condom use was quite low among the sexually active population surveyed. Results indicated that an education campaign on HIV/AIDS prevention in rural areas should integrate gender perspectives and ensure that the intervention covers women. Future interventions should be designed to target male and female migration, and should focus on modifying the perceptions of social norms governing gender roles in addition to providing HIV prevention information in order to contain the HIV/AIDS epidemic at its current stage in China.

The Influence of Gender and Other Characteristics on Rural Laborers' Employment Patterns in the Mountainous and Upland Areas of Sichuan,China

This study examines gender differences in rural laborers‘ employment patterns in the mountainous and upland areas of Sichuan, China. The analysis employs both representative survey data of 400 households and geographical data. Multinomial logistic regression models are used to analyze the influences of gender, among other factors, on employment decisions of rural males and females, where the factors considered include personal, household, community natural environmental characteristics. Dividing laborers into four categories, we find that the proportions of males who participating in on-farm, pluriactive, and off-farm work, and unemployment were 24.41%, 28.64%, 46.27%, and 0.68% respectively, while that of females who participating in on-farm, pluriactive, and offfarm work, and unemployment were 43.20%, 13.95%, 30.95%, and 11.90% respectively. As to individual characteristics, age(AGE) and physical condition(PHY) effects appeared to be more pronounced for men, while education(EDU) and marital status(MAR)effects appeared to be more pronounced for women. Regarding household and community characteristics, the effects of the presence in the household of children aged 6-(CHI), number of persons in the household(POP), and labor force(LAB), per capitaincome in village(INCV), and the development status of village enterprises(ENT) on women were greater than that on men. In addition, the presence in the household of elderly individuals aged 65+(OLD) and time to reach the nearest township(TIME) are shown to have opposite impacts on men and women. While the presence in the household of pupils(PUP) and per capital gross value of industrial output(GVIO) was found to be irresponsive to men and women taking pluriavtivity and off-farm job. With respect to natural environments characteristics, the effects on men were opposite of those on women. Unemployment of women was found to be particularly responsive to household characteristics. A multinomial regression approach is undertaken to analyze rural males‘ and females‘ decisions of the four employment patterns considered, an approach that reveals considerable heterogeneity that is concealed by the dichotomous approach employed in most previous studies. The study thus contributes to our understanding of rural employment patterns and gender difference in mountainous and upland areas.

Analysis on the Causes of Existing Problems of Professional Knowledge of Western Rural Teachers Under the Urban and Rural Educational Planning Background

This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems of western rural teachers, and refers to the educational literature materials in western rural areas. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is known that the professional knowledge status of western rural teachers is worrying, and the reason is mainly caused by the location, policy, economy, society, continuing education and teachers＇ own factors.

Livelihood Strategy Change and Land Use Change——Case of Danzam Village in Upper Dadu River Watershed,Tibetan Plateau of China

Land use change in rural China since the 1980s, induced by institution reforms, urbanization, industrialization and population increase, has received more attention. However, case studies on how institution reforms affect farmers＇ livelihood strategies and drive land use change are scarce. By means of cropland plots investigations and interviews with farmers, this study examines livelihood strategy change and land use change in Danzam Village of Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. The results show that, during the collective system period, as surplus labor forces could not be transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, they had to choose agricultural involution as their livelihood strategy, then the farmers had to produce more grains by land reclamation, increasing multiple cropping index, improving input of labor, fertilizer, pesticide and adopting advanced agricultural techniques. During the household responsibility system period, as labors being transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, farmers chose livelihood diversification strategy. Therefore, labor input to grain planting was greatly reduced, which drove the transformation of grain to horticulture, vegetable or wasteland and decrease of multiple cropping index. This study provides a new insight into understanding linkages among institution reforms, livelihood strategy of smallholders and land use change in rural China.

Treatment of Rural Effluents Using Fortified Sand-Clay： Interaction Bacteria-Clay for the Formation of Biofilm

The ability of some Tunisian sand-clays in rural wastewater treatment was investigated in this study. The sand-clays were characterized by studying the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics using X-ray diffractometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer （AAS）, respectively. Performance efficiency studies were conducted to determine the best combination ratio of sand-clay/pebbles. Sand-clay fortified with pebbles in the ratio 3：1 gave the optimum water purification while combination ratio 1：3 gave the least. The fortified sand-clays were used in the treatment of wastewater from rural locality. On the other hand, bacteria play an important role in determining the properties and behavior of clay minerals in natural environments and such interactions have great potential for creating stable biofilms and carbon storage sites in soils, but our knowledge of these interactions are far from complete. The purpose of this study was to understand better the effects of bacteria-generated biofilms on clay interlayer expansion. Mixtures of a colloidal, 2-water smectite clay and Pseudomonas aereginosae in a minimal media suspension evolve into a polysaccharide-rich biofilm aggregate in time-series experiments lasting up to 1 week. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that upon aggregation, the clay undergoes an initial interlayer contraction.

Orofacial trauma in rural India： A clinical study

Purpose： Orofacial trauma is becoming a leading medical problem worldwide. Most of the studies pertaining to orofacial trauma have been done in urban areas but very little scientific literature is available for rural areas. Methods： A prospective medical institute-based study of orofacial injury patients was carried out from May 2013 to April 2016 （36 Months）. Data regarding incidence, age and sex distribution, causes, types and site of injury, treatment modalities and trauma associated complications were collected and analysed. Results： A total of 784 patients were studied. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 2.9：1. Age range was 9 monthse75 years with the peak incidence in the age-group of 18-34 years. Most injuries were caused by road-side accidents （72.7%）, followed by assault and falls in 11.6% and 8% respectively. Soft tissue injuries and mandibular fractures were the most common type of injuries. Head/neck （50.29%） and limb injuries （27.2%） were the most prevalent associated injuries. Surgical debridement and soft tissue suturing was the most common emergency procedure. Closed reduction was performed in 61% of patients and open reduction and internal fixation in 30% of cases and 9% were managed conservatively. Complications occurred in 6.88% of patients, mainly due to infection and malocclusion. The mean duration of hospital stay was （10.12 ± 6.24） days. Conclusion： This study highlights the importance of department of dental surgery along with other disciplinaries in the management of orofacial injuries. Road-side accident remains the major etiological factor of orofacial injuries in our setting.