乡村振兴背景下农村土地流转现状及优化建议——以H市D村为例

土地资源合理配置对乡村振兴至关重要,农村土地流转是促进农民增收和农业现代化的关键。然而,农村发展面临诸多矛盾,土地问题的解决是解决“三农”问题的关键。通过研究H市D村的土地流转情况,发现存在农民流转意愿低、职业技能缺乏、流转程序和市场机制不健全以及缺乏风险防范机制等问题。文章建议加强宣传、定期培训、完善分配监督机制、探索风险防范措施和建立管理服务体系,以推动乡村振兴下的土地流转。

“五社联动”在乡村治理中的运行及改进策略分析——以监利市F村为例

随着经济社会的发展,传统的“三社联动”体制已经不能适应社会的发展。由社区、社区组织、社会工作者、社区志愿者和社区慈善资源五个主体构成的联动协作模式成为了社区治理新的发展模式。在此背景下,F村将“五社联动”的治理模式运用到了乡村治理中,文章通过分析F村“五社联动”治理模式在乡村治理中存在的困境,在此基础上提出了改进策略,以便“五社联动”的治理模式得以推广和发展。

美丽乡村规划设计实践研究

广东省增城市西丫村的规划设计通过对美丽乡村的概念解读,确立了"保护传统建筑"及"官民一体"的设计理念,根据"三核、一轴、四节点、二视廊"的用地布局结构,以景观先行的规划手法进行平面规划设计,形成与村落传统形态及自然特征相协调的空间形态,并针对不同质量的建筑实行不同的改造策略,体现出客家美丽乡村的建筑特点,从而引导乡村经济、社会、环境得以健康、持续地发展。

疫情后漠河北极村景区“智慧化”提升策略

当代网络信息技术不断发展,人类社会也在向“智慧化”时代迈进。自2020年发生新冠肺炎疫情以来,旅游业深受重创,迟迟无法如预想般朝气蓬勃地发展,这一社会环境要求景区要加快“智慧化”的脚步,谋求新的出路,为自身的发展带来更多的可能。黑龙江省漠河市北极村景区一直以来都有“神州北极”的美誉,也被誉为北国的“天涯海角”,因此更应该跟上时代的步伐,主动应用现代化信息技术,加快景区“智慧化”的脚步,让景区在管理、服务和营销等方面都走上“智慧化”的道路,使得景区工作更加科学合理,更加精细化和智能化。

明清江南巨镇王江泾镇的社会经济结构

明清江南巨镇王江泾镇是以丝绸产品为主干的的工商业、兼具交通枢纽型的多功能市镇,它的四周分布着40余个村市,组成了繁密的市场网络。文献记载自明代以来就是由镇来统辖近邻乡村,标志着明清以来县以下的行政管理体制的变化,也展示了经济力量已悄悄地改变了传统的行政管理体制。由于地理位置的关系,多次沦为战场,战火终于摧毁了这个江南巨镇。

“家电下乡”活动的分销渠道建设思考——以湖北省为例

该文在全国开展的"家电下乡"活动的背景下,以湖北省为例,认为农村家电市场消费具有注重经济实用性、消费时间集中、市场分布广、品牌意识逐渐增强等特征,预测了活动持续期间农村家电市场的需求,对目前较成熟的区域代理分销模式、大型连锁终端分销模式、企业自建渠道分销模式、直销模式等四种家电产品分销渠道进行了分析,并给出了针对农村市场的分销渠道创新建议。

STUDY OF RURAL TOURISM IN TURPAN ,CHINA

Rural tourism has long been considered the means of accelerating economic and social development, and has become a development tool for many rural areas. In response to agricultural structure adjustment, rural tourism in China took into shape as a new economic growth point to meet the market demand at the late 1980s. Now, a structural frame of rural tourism has shaped, with the core of Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta, Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu of China. But in Xinjiang, the western part of China, there are hardly any studies in this field in spite of its richness of tourism resources. In this paper, development of rural tourism is studied in Turpan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. With its rich natural and cultural tourism resources, Turpan has become one of the pioneer tourism destinations in China. But same to the rural tourism development of the other areas’ of China, rural tourism programs in Turpan mainly aimed at sightseeing activities, and little attention had been paid to the protection and exploitation of national minority culture-an important factor to satisfy both tourists demand and local economic development. However, this kind of rural tourism development policy is harmful on the long run. Because, many tourists seek tourist destinations that offer pleasant experiences related to not only the natural environment but also historic heritage and cultural patterns. The study suggests that on the base of government support in the long term, to enhance tourism training, to protect and exploit national minority culture are essential elements of rural tourism development in Turpan.

Hollow Villages and Rural Restructuring in Major Rural Regions of China: A Case Study of Yucheng City, Shandong Province

The agricultural land resources of China are relatively limited because of its large population.Therefore,balancing the land use for industrialization,urbanization,and food security is a big challenge.In recent years,rural hollowing in China has resulted in numerous of abandoned rural houses,and the areas with abandoned houses need to be restored into agricultural land with effective land consolidation techniques.This study used the method of benefit-cost analysis and the data collected through field surveys conducted in Yucheng City in the northwest of Shandong Province in March 2009,to examine how hollow villages (HVs) to be created and how to solve the problem.The qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate following results.1) The situation of HVs is becoming increasingly severe under rapid industrialization and urbanization in Yucheng City.2) Poor infrastructure in rural areas and incomplete urbanization are the main factors that have led to the rural hollowing in many major rural regions of China.3) In order to resolve the problem caused by HVs and increase agricultural land,reconstructing rural communities in the countryside is necessary.4) A new mechanism in the provision of compensation funds by developed regions to the villages in less-developed regions must be established.

Rural-urban Migration, Rural Household Income and Local Geographical Contexts——A Case of Northwestern Guangxi, China

This paper aims to examine New Economics of Labor Migration (NELM) in the northwestern Guangxi, China and investigate the relationships among rural-urban migration, rural household income and local geographical contexts. Stratified sampling and typical case study were adopted and 236 questionnaires were collected from four vil- lages, Daxin, Lixin, Longhe and Yongchang. We analyzed the rural-urban migration rate, household income and local geographical factors, focusing on the ratio of remittance income to total household income. Data descriptions and sta- tistical methods, such as Pearson Chi-square test, Contingency coefficient, Eta, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, multiple comparisons (LSD test, Tamhane T2, Dunnett T3 and Dunnet C test) were used. The results are as follows. Rural households’ income is diversified in survey villages so the motivation of rural-urban migration in the study area can be partly explained by NELM. The migration rate of households (the percentage of households with migrants in survey households) in survey villages varies from 50% to 86%, while the proportion of remittance income to house- hold income is in the range of 30% to 80%. In the village of Yongchang, with the least average arable land area per household, the remittance income plays a vital role in household income (80%). And the statistical findings show that the proportion is significantly and negatively correlated with arable land area per household. The conclusion is that di- rect effect of migration, i.e., the contribution of remittance to household income, is negatively correlated with the con- tribution of resources to local income.

On the Process of Peasant Workers' Transformation to Urban Residents

The unique two-stage "Chinese path" of China’s ru-ral-urban migration, which cannot be fully explained by classical theories of economic development, makes us to give peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents a top priority. On the basis of fully explaining peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents, a method for measuring its process has been advanced and then confirmed with the data of March in 2005 from surveys to peasant workers in Wuhan. Finally, the suggestions of acceler-ating peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents to pro-mote the construction of a harmonious society have been drawn from the analysis.

Characterization of Soil Quality Under Vegetable Production Along an Urban-Rural Gradient

Human activity and urbanization result in urban-rural environmental gradients. Understanding effect of the gradients on soil properties is necessary for management of the soils around urban areas. In this study, soil quality of some vegetable fields was characterized along an urban-rural gradient in Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province. Fifteen soil physical and chemical properties were evaluated by using principal component analysis.Results showed that there was a great variation in the soil quality along the gradient. From rural to urban zones, soil organic matter, water-stable aggregates, cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), total N and P, and available K increased, whereas soil pH value decreased. In addition, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn and Cr in the soils tended to be accumulated toward the urban zone. Sequential chemical extraction showed that mobility of all the heavy metals in the soils tended to increase from the rural to the urban zones. The variation of soil properties accounted for by the first principal component was significantly explained by the difference in application rates of municipal wastes.

Analyses on cancer incidence and mortality in Huai’an area,China,from 2009 to 2011

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the cancer incidence and mortality in Huai＇an area, China, from 2009 to 2011. Methods： The data about cancer incidence and mortality were provided by Huai＇an Cancer Registry, China. Incidence and mortality rates, and standardized rates were calculated by age, gender, areas （urban and rural areas of Huai＇an） and cancer sites. Results： The crude incidence rate for all cancer sites was 205.60/105 and the standardized incidence rate was 166.22/10. Both the crude and standardized rates were higher in urban area than in rural area for both sexes. The inci- dence rates increased in people aged 40 and over, and the peak ages of incidence were between 70-75 in both males and females. The crude mortality rate for all cancer sites was 153.88/105 and the standardized mortality rate was 122.14/105. Both the crude and standardized rates were similar in urban and rural areas for both men and women. The mortality rates were at low level under the age 50 in both sexes, but increased after the age 50, reaching the peak at the ages of 80-85 in both males and females. The top 10 most common cancer sites in rank were esophagus, stomach, lung, liver, colon-rectum, breast, pancreas, cervix uteri, brain and central nervous system, and leukemia, accounting for 87.56% of all cancers. The top 10 most leading causes of cancer death in order were cancers of esophagus, lung, liver, stomach, colon-rectum, pancreas, brain and central nervous system, leukemia, breast and lymphoma, accounting for 90.53% of all cancer deaths. Conclusion： Cancer is one kind of major diseases threatening people＇s health in Huai＇an area, China. Cancer prevention and control should be enhanced, especially for esophageal cancer.

Welfare Balance of Different Interest Groups During Rural-urban Land Conversion

Rural-urban land conversion is currently a common social economic phenomenon during the process of economic development and rural urbanization in China. Rural-urban land conversion is positively effective as far as social and economic benefits are concerned (Yang, 2002), but its negative effect is also evident, resulting in such problems as low efficiency of rural land configuration and loss of social welfare. Consequently, farm-ers should also have an equal chance to enjoy the social welfare enhanced by land conversion. Based on the theories of welfare economy, this paper puts forward policy suggestions by discussing the welfare changes of various interest groups, builds the model of welfare distribution, and analyzes the conditions of maximizing social welfare. The absolute and opposite value of social welfare is closely related with the speed of rural-urban land conversion, and governments should give farmers and collectives fair compensa-tion to make up for the utility loss caused by land expropriation, which are conclusions drawn from this paper. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for regulating targets and evaluation criteria, realizing the mechanism and implementation of public po-lices during rural-urban land conversion.

Costs and Strategies on Urbanization of Chinese Megacities’ Rural Areas Based on a Case Study of Beijing

As urbanization expands＇ into the suburbs of Chinese cities, the conversion of farmers into citizens with urban social protection is becoming an important issue facing Chinese megacities. Taking Beijing as an example, this paper has calculated the one-off urbanization cost of farmers in China and arrived at the results of 500, 000 yuan per person for urbanization of centralized target regions in the suburb and 200, 000 yuan per person for urbanization of scattered target regions in the exurb. This paper considers that a diversified cost sharing mechanism should be put into place for the step-by-step urbanization of farmers. In addition, policy recommendations are proposed regarding the functional transformation of collective economic organizations, eradication of the urban-rural divide, enhancement of land system innovation and policy improvements for urbanization of rural residents.

Differentiation of Rural Households′ Consciousness in Land Use Activities: A Case from Bailin Village, Shapingba District of Chongqing Municipality, China

What rural households think and what kind of strategies they take, the basic driving force in land use activities, contribute greatly to the increase of their own revenues, the development of agricultural yields, and even the prosperity of rural areas. Differentiation in rural household behaviors and their consciousness in land use activities is widespread in rural China nowadays. It is important to understand the changing characteristics and laws of land use behaviors of rural households driven by their consciousness, so as to regulate their land use activities. In most empirical studies of land use change at rural household level, the land use consciousness, which acts directly on land use behaviors, is often neglected. In our research, the changes of land use behaviors of rural households are analyzed, through identifying how the land use consciousness affect the land use objectives, land management scales and land inputs of all the rural households in Bailin Village of Chongqing Municipality in the western mountainous China. Also, how the land use consciousness of different rural households comes into being under external stimuli is examined and the self-adjustment process of their consciousness according to their own conditions is also discussed. Finally, broad policy instruments are suggested to promote the rationalization of rural households′ land use consciousness and the standardization of their land use behaviors.

Competition and monopoly of Chinese rural groundwater market:structure and determinants

China is facing severe problem of water scarcity.Agricultural sector,the main consumer of water resource,has remarkably changed its institutions on water resource deployment,due to heavy environmental pressure.As a new and spontaneous institution,groundwater market has developed rapidly in northern China,and has impacts on waterusing behaviors and benefits of farmers.Using household survey data from Hebei and Henan in 2007,this paper attempts to pin down the development and operating of groundwater market in rural China.We focus on the monopoly and competition in the market.Empirical analysis reveals that Chinese farmers are trying to make rational decision when they compete with others in groundwater market.In general,monopoly is not fierce in Chinese rural groundwater market,with great variations among different villages and even different tubewells within one village.Tubewell costs,regulation and the density of tubewells are the main determinants that affect monopoly level of groundwater market.To make water market benefit more and more farmers of low income,corresponding policies are needed to modify its development in the future.

Discussion on Cultivating the Idea of the Western Rural Market Economy

Along with the deepening of the economic system reform, the quickening of our country＇s steps joining WTO, and the enlarging of the discrepancies among different regions, how to promptly change the sense of the western rural areas to resolve the ＂the three problems connected with agriculture, peasants, and countryside＂ and utilize the market economy regulation and taking market as the direction has become the initial problem of the economic development in western countryside in order to push the smooth implement of the western development. This thesis starts with the essence, function, and other influential factors of this idea, systematically elaborates the current idea characteristics of each stratum in western countryside, discovers the reason that the sense of western rural areas falls behind the times, and definitely puts forward with new idea characteristics which is suitable for the economic development of the western rural areas, and also offer some policy suggestions on how to realize this change of the sense in western rural areas.

Stormwater Surface Solution in the Urban Planning

The traditional methods of storm sewers design must be supplemented by a precise and systematic analysis of the consequences of urbanization. This will ensure the reduction of the negative effects of urbanization in the process of stormwater sewer system normal functioning. As the urbanization of rural areas has been in constant progress, there was a need for the development of infrastructure system of urban planning documents that accompany urbanization. Surface storage appears to be one of the solutions that can have positive effects on the consequences of rapid urbanization in terms of preserving water quality of recipients, as well as opportunities to reduce the diameter of drain pipes downstream of surface storage. The necessary investments do not exceed the values of conventional technologies and procedures that are used for this purpose. The restriction of application of these methods is reflected in the limited space, especially in the smaller urban areas, where urbanization was a sudden and uncontrolled process. Future planning documents must contain alternatives like these, while the reservation of required space must be included in the planning documents in which the treatment of further development of the city will be found.

Urban Utopia and Building Experimentations： The Rural Villages of the Sicilian Latifundium

The colonization of Sicilian latifundium was an attempt of regeneration of the rural areas. It was carried out by Benito Mussolini, called II Duce, who governed Italy by a regime with an absolute and conservative approach for 20 years since 1922. According to this plan, there were some rural villages （with a school, a church, a police station and a doctor＇s surgery） and a number of rural homes, spread in the landscape, that formed one of the most important achievements of the agrarian reform in Italy. The author has been conducting scientific research on this topic for several years. He started with the archive ＂Ente per la Colonizzazione del Latifondo Siciliano＂ （now called Ente Sviluppo Agricolo） to review the original designs and contracts with companies, ledgers and other administrative documents. Lately, he has been reviewing the personal archives of designers involved in the building program, where he has found original drawings, letters, sketches, etc.. He has also conducted some architectonic and technical surveys of the sites. We have to consider that nowadays the mentioned rural villages are a strategic resource for the development of the neighboring areas, as it may become a network for the sustainable tourism and the promotion of the local agro food specialties. On this purpose, the local authority is going to promote some plans for the requalification of these sites. The particular achievement of this article is to show a number of possibilities for the reuse of these places.

Current Situation of Rural Eco-Tourism Development and Countermeasures

Rural tourism origins in France, its initial development is a spatial selection of holiday in Europe and America, in China, with the continuous economic development, urban construction, accelerating the speed to bring urban environmental issues, gave birth to the countryside in recent years the rise of Eco-tourism Rural Eco-tourism as a new direction of development of tourism in China has great development prospects and the market is developing rapidly, but it is undeniable that our rural Eco-tourism, while the rapid development there are also many problems. In this paper, by analyzing the current development of rural Eco-tourism, Eco-tourism and rural development from abroad classic case, to explore the promotion of Eco-tourism quality of rural suggestions, propose specific solutions.