中国农村居民的收入与农村村特征关系研究

本文应用2002年和2007年的农村住户收入调查数据(该数据是中国居民收入调查数据库(CHIP)的一部分,CHIP数据库被称为迄今中国收入分配与劳动力市场研究领域中最具权威性的基础性数据资料。该数据库每5年收集一次,目前公开可用的最近一期为2007年),检验了村的物质资本、人力资本、社会资本和村自治四个维度对农村居民收入及村内收入差距的影响。我们发现随着农村经济体制改革的深化和农村城镇化进程的加快,村特征对于农村居民收入的作用正在逐渐减弱,但在2007年仍可以解释11%左右的家庭收入。村特征对于富裕家庭的解释力度大于贫困家庭。此外,村物质资本对村民收入的影响开始减弱,而村人力资本和社会资本的作用正在逐渐增强。最后,本文结合分析结果提出了如何缩小农村内部收入差距和帮助农民减贫的政策建议。

基于空间句法的历史文化名村景观特征探究

以历史文化名村山头下村为例,利用空间句法的视域模型分析方法和轴线模型分析方法,通过量化手段对村落景观特征进行分析和描述,并在此基础上进行归纳总结,通过对空间句法理论和方法的运用,为景观提供一种量化的研究方式。

沙集模式下农村电子商务发展新路径研究

通过调研徐州市睢宁县沙集镇发展现状,探究其发展模式,总结其区域效应即“沙集模式”。参照已有涉农电商模式,根据睢宁县淘宝村电子商务发展特征,总结睢宁县电子商务发展模式。从社会、经济、地理角度对淘宝村发展产生的区域效应进行分析,探究沙集模式发展新路径并进行可行性分析,为淘宝村的进一步发展提供理论指导。

The Influence of Gender and Other Characteristics on Rural Laborers' Employment Patterns in the Mountainous and Upland Areas of Sichuan,China

This study examines gender differences in rural laborers‘ employment patterns in the mountainous and upland areas of Sichuan, China. The analysis employs both representative survey data of 400 households and geographical data. Multinomial logistic regression models are used to analyze the influences of gender, among other factors, on employment decisions of rural males and females, where the factors considered include personal, household, community natural environmental characteristics. Dividing laborers into four categories, we find that the proportions of males who participating in on-farm, pluriactive, and off-farm work, and unemployment were 24.41%, 28.64%, 46.27%, and 0.68% respectively, while that of females who participating in on-farm, pluriactive, and offfarm work, and unemployment were 43.20%, 13.95%, 30.95%, and 11.90% respectively. As to individual characteristics, age(AGE) and physical condition(PHY) effects appeared to be more pronounced for men, while education(EDU) and marital status(MAR)effects appeared to be more pronounced for women. Regarding household and community characteristics, the effects of the presence in the household of children aged 6-(CHI), number of persons in the household(POP), and labor force(LAB), per capitaincome in village(INCV), and the development status of village enterprises(ENT) on women were greater than that on men. In addition, the presence in the household of elderly individuals aged 65+(OLD) and time to reach the nearest township(TIME) are shown to have opposite impacts on men and women. While the presence in the household of pupils(PUP) and per capital gross value of industrial output(GVIO) was found to be irresponsive to men and women taking pluriavtivity and off-farm job. With respect to natural environments characteristics, the effects on men were opposite of those on women. Unemployment of women was found to be particularly responsive to household characteristics. A multinomial regression approach is undertaken to analyze rural males‘ and females‘ decisions of the four employment patterns considered, an approach that reveals considerable heterogeneity that is concealed by the dichotomous approach employed in most previous studies. The study thus contributes to our understanding of rural employment patterns and gender difference in mountainous and upland areas.

乡村空间治理视域下宅基地再利用类型选择——基于天津市静海区56个宅改试点村的研究

宅基地再利用类型的选择受村庄特征和宅基地利用特征等多因素的综合影响。论文以天津市静海区为例,构建基于“村—地”耦合视角的宅基地再利用类型选择理论分析框架,运用村庄特征、宅基地利用特征等测度模型,选取静海区56个宅基地制度改革试点村,从村庄特征和宅基地利用特征2个方面分类判定村庄宅基地再利用类型,为乡村空间治理提供思路。研究发现:(1)村庄特征识别为产业主导型、资源主导型和均衡发展型3类;(2)宅基地利用特征以村庄为单位识别为单功能主导型和多功能主导型宅基地2类;(3)基于“村—地”特征构建关系函数将宅基地再利用类型识别为多元主体类、要素流动类和特色资源类3类。研究认为,利用多源数据基于“村—地”特征对宅基地再利用类型进行识别和选择是有效途径,可为宅基地再利用提供指导。

天津静海区村庄宅基地再利用分类指标研究数据集

本数据集是在静海区政府对56个宅基地试点村的摸底调查工作所获统计数据的基础上,构建“村-地”系统耦合特征分析框架,建立村庄识别指标体系和宅基地利用特征识别指标体系所形成的原创数据集,数据存储为.xlsx和.shp格式,由2个数据文件组成,包括宅改试点村位置、宅改试点村的村庄及宅基地利用特征指标等内容,数据量为614 KB(压缩后为1个文件480 KB)。

Spatial Distribution and Cultural Features of Traditional Villages in Beijing and Influencing Factors

Traditional villages are important part of Beijing, an internationally famous historic and cultural city. Exploring the spatial distribution and cultural features of traditional villages, and the factors that have shaped them,will help promote the protection and utilization of traditional villages in Beijing. ArcGIS spatial analysis, literature analysis, fieldwork and in-depth interviews were mainly carried out to analyze the spatial distribution and cultural features of traditional villages in Beijing and their influencing factors. The results show three main features.(1) The overall distribution of traditional villages in Beijing is random, although there are more traditional villages in the southwest and northeast and less in the southeast and northwest. Most of them are distributed along the higher piedmont plains or intermountain basins, and most of them are backed by hills and surrounded by rivers or along the ancient road.(2) There are some cultural commonalities among the traditional villages in Beijing, and nine typical traditional village cultures have been formed, including traditional residential culture, traditional folklore culture,the Great Wall garrison culture, mausoleum guarding culture, etc.(3) The formation of the spatial distribution and cultural features of traditional villages in Beijing is influenced by natural environmental factors like terrain, climate,and rivers, as well as human activities such as royal life, capital construction, ancient military defense, transportation, trade, etc. This study can provide a reference for the scientific protection and effective utilization of traditional villages in Beijing and all over the country.

Rural Ecotourism: An Effective Way of Maintaining Indigenous Character in Rapidly Urbanizing Rural Areas: A Case Study of Five Golden Flowers in Chengdu, China

China is the largest developing country in the world and a well-known agricultural country. China＇s urbanization is a subject of great interest, one that has attracted the attention of people throughout the world. Whereas a handful of studies have assessed various aspects of urbanization（urban expansion, urban transition, urban-rural relationships, the spatial changes in urban and rural areas, motivations for sustaining rural places）, little is known of how to retain the indigenous character of rural areas in terms of landscape design. In this paper, the authors set out to contribute to this significant gap. They used Chengdu City and Five Golden Flowers（FGF） village in Chengdu＇s suburbs as case studies. A detailed description of the application of Ebenezer Howard＇s Garden City vision in Chengdu City was made; the Garden City vision was the key premise for FGF＇s ecotourism industry and successful conservation of landscapes with indigenous character. An analysis of the post-ecotourism landscape in FGF was accomplished using a typology method. Finally a set of landscape design methods for retaining indigenous character was proposed. The main conclusion of this paper was as follows： rural ecotourism can contribute to maintaining the indigenous character of rapidly urbanizing rural landscapes with the use of appropriate inheritance and renovation ways. The findings here may provide useful information for decision making by urban planners and policy-makers.

Physical characteristics of Chinese Hakka

Using standard and internationally validated methods,86 anthropologic characteristics were determined in 650 male(305 from urban areas and 345 from rural areas) and 704 female(331 from urban areas,373 from rural areas) Chinese Hakka adults living in Guangdong and Jiangxi.The data were used to calculate 24 anthropologic indices,which were analyzed statistically.The physical characteristics of Hakka subjects were analyzed and compared with reference ethnic data.There were four main findings of this study.First,a small proportion of Hakka adults had an eye fold on the upper eyelid,but a large proportion had a mongoloid fold.The eye slits were narrow in most adults,had a medium nasal root height and straight bridges,and most of the external angles were prominent.The nasal base was upturned in most men.The distributions of the three types of nasal base in women were similar.The proportions of subjects with middle and high alae nasi heights were high and similar.Males with a maximum nostril diameter were mostly classified as transverse and oblique,while many women were classified as transverse and had relatively wide alae nasi.The round lobe type was the most common.Upper lip skin height was mostly classified as medium.Lips were classified as thin.The hair was black,eyes were brown,and the skin was yellowish.Second,the head length was long in male Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Meanwhile,head breadth,morphological facial height,nose breadth,mouth breadth,and nose height were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Head length was long in female Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Head breadth,nose breadth,and mouth breadth were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Third,the stature of male and female Hakka in urban and rural areas was classified as medium.The proportions of male and female Hakka classified as mesocephaly(length-breadth index of the head),hypsicephalic type,metriocephalic type(breadth-height index of the head) mesorrhiny,long trunk,subbrachyskelic type,broad shoulder breadth,and narrow distance between iliac crests were higher than those of other types.Finally,principal component analyses showed that the physical characteristics of Hakka were between those of South-Asian and North-Asian ethnic populations,but were generally closer to those of North-Asian populations in China.