闽粤“束木”初探——兼论“束木”与叉手、托脚的关联

束木是闽粤地区一种具有地方特色的曲形木构件,其在木构架中的分布位置、结构作用与宋《营造法式》记载的叉手、托脚相似。本文基于对束木的已有研究和现存实例,从构件形制、位置分布、结构作用等方面明晰闽粤束木的特点,探讨其与叉手、托脚的关联,以期为南北地区木构技术发展、源流、构件演变等研究提供参考。

社鼠

社鼠（小小说）田保存夫社，地神之寓也。束木而涂之。人畏神威，顶礼膜拜，莫敢渎。鼠，不劳而食者也。以偷为生，遂使人人恨之，处处喊打。顾无立身之所，因往托焉。众人追至，薰之则恐烧其木；灌之则恐败其涂。此鼠因而逃生，皆以社故也。鼠受其庇，不望其恩。每每窃之...

Evidence of Dual Scale Porous Mechanisms During Fluid Migration in Hardwood Species (Ⅰ) Using the Attenuation of a Aolychromatic X-ray Beam to Determine the Evolution of Moisture Content During Imbibition of Beech

An experimental device able to determine the moisture content of wood usingX-ray attenuation is used to study the imbibition of beech samples (Fagus silvatica). The apparatusincludes an X-ray generator, a protective tube, collimating plates and a 50 mm detector. Detectedparticles can be categorised by energy (accuracy of the order of 20%) or by position (accuracy 100μm). The independent choice of both the energy spectrum (through the voltage) and the counting rate(through the current intensity) makes the installation very flexible. However, a rigorous treatmentis necessary to deal with the attenuation of a polychromatic spectrum. The appropriate calculationsare presented and validated with homogeneous samples made of wood and water. In addition, someresults are presented with samples heterogeneous in density and moisture content. Finally, theexperimental device is used to study the evolution of moisture content during saturationexperiments, for which the moisture migration is mainly due to capillary forces. The geometricalconfiguration was so arranged that the transfer can be studied in two directions simultaneously.