广告语接受的条次研究

本论文相关统计数据依托一次针对500名对象的广告语言的跟踪调查得出。文章共有三个部分,第一部分介绍基本情况并提出问题;第二部分是观察与分析,涉及高次句与核心句种的关系、高次句的品类偏爱以及条内企高与条内趋衡的种种表现;第三部分相关思考,主要讨论了广告语言忠诚度、广告语言的关联度和广告语言的诉求分流。最后是一个简短的结语。

民事立法技术探微

以私法现代化为视角,我国民法典的编纂,在立法程序上,建议分编审议,分编通过;在立法语言上,尽量采用专业化的用语;在标题方面,不但各编、章、节应有标题,各条也应有标题;在体系层次标示方面,采用整部民法典"通计条次"。

The quadratic B-spline curve fitting for the shape of log cross sections

This paper describes a new method for simulation of the cross section shape of log. The self-developed MQK3102 log shape recognizing machine was used to acquire the finite discrete sampling points on the cross section of log and those points were fitted with the quadratic B-spline parametric curve. This method can clearly stimulate the real shape of the log cross section and is characterized by limited sampling points and high speed computing. The computed result of the previous curve does not affect the next one, which may avoid the graphic distortion caused by the accumulative error. The method can be used to simulate the whole body shape of log approximately by sampling the cross sections along the length direction of log, thus providing a reference model for optimum saw cutting of log.

2D multi-scale hybrid optimization method for geophysical inversion and its application

Local and global optimization methods are widely used in geophysical inversion but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The combination of the two methods will make it possible to overcome their weaknesses. Based on the simulated annealing genetic algorithm （SAGA） and the simplex algorithm, an efficient and robust 2-D nonlinear method for seismic travel-time inversion is presented in this paper. First we do a global search over a large range by SAGA and then do a rapid local search using the simplex method. A multi-scale tomography method is adopted in order to reduce non-uniqueness. The velocity field is divided into different spatial scales and velocities at the grid nodes are taken as unknown parameters. The model is parameterized by a bi-cubic spline function. The finite-difference method is used to solve the forward problem while the hybrid method combining multi-scale SAGA and simplex algorithms is applied to the inverse problem. The algorithm has been applied to a numerical test and a travel-time perturbation test using an anomalous low-velocity body. For a practical example, it is used in the study of upper crustal velocity structure of the A＇nyemaqen suture zone at the north-east edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The model test and practical application both prove that the method is effective and robust.

Artificial perturbation for solving the Korteweg-de Vries equation

A perturbation method is introduced in the context of dynamical system for solving the nonlinear Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. Best efficiency is obtained for few perturbative corrections. It is shown that, the question of convergence of this approach is completely guaranteed here, because a limited number of term included in the series can describe a sufficient exact solution. Comparisons with the solutions of the quintic spline, and finite difference are presented.

Global existence and blow up of a degenerate parabolic system

This paper deals with positive solutions of a degenerate parabolic system: u t= Δ u m+ v p ln α(h+u), v t= Δ v n+u q ln β(h+v) with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions and positive initial conditions. This system describes the processes of diffusion of heat and burning in two component continuous media with nonlinear conductivity and volume energy release. We obtain the global existence and blow up results of the solution relying on comparison with carefully constructed upper solutions and lower solutions.

A new method for high precsion instantaneous speedmeasurement of hydraulic system

The instantaneous speed of a hydraulic system contains a wealth of operational information,and its accurate extraction is the basis for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.In order to solve the problem of high hardware requirement for instantaneous speed measurement based on data acquisition card,a new method of high precision measurement is proposed.In this method,the time-displacement information of each tooth is obtained from the pulsed square wave signal of the gear disk collected by magnetoelectric sensors.The time-displacement curve is interpolated by the cubic spline interpolation method,and then the instantaneous speed is calculated by the five-point digital differential formula.The experimental results show that the method improves the speed measurement resolution and reduces the quantization error.The high precision instantaneous speed signal can also be acquired by hardware devices with less teeth and low sampling frequency.The related research results provide a theoretical basis and a method for improving the accuracy of instantaneous speed measurement.

The Impacts of Permafrost Change on NPP and Implications:A Case of the Source Regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity (NPP) and annual average air temperature (GT) at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that:(1) There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;(2) The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7.73,and 5.41 DM·t·hm-2 ·a-1 respectively,and the corresponding GT is 7.1,10.0,21.2,and 8.9 o C respectively in 1980,1990,2000 and 2007;(3) In 1980,the sensitivity of NPP to GT is higher than in 1990,2000 and 2007.This tendency shows that the NPP presents change from fluctuation to an adaptation process over time;(4) During 1980～2007,the accumulated NPP was reduced to 8.05,and the corresponding carrying capacity of theoretical livestock reduced by 11%;(5) The shape of the demonstration region of ecological compensation system,livelihood support system,and science appraisal system in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are an important research for increasing the adaptation capacity and balancing protection and development.

Risk assessment study on bridge foundation in deep overlying stratum

Based on the analysis about the hydrogeological conditions and engineering geological conditions, this paper makes analysis on the possible risks of the deep overlying stratum foundation and establishes the risk evaluation index system during the foundation operating period. Such methods as analytic hierarchy process （AHP） , Delphi method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are adopted to make the quantitative analysis on the risk factors and establish the risk judgment model. According to the actual engineering of Taizhou Bridge, the paper evaluates the risk of the foundation during the operating period at the condition of deep overlying stratum. The evaluation results can provide the reference for the risk management of the bridge foundation durin~ the ooerating period.

Path Planning and Tracking for Vehicle Parallel Parking Based on Preview BP Neural Network PID Controller

In order to diminish the impacts of extemal disturbance such as parking speed fluctuation and model un- certainty existing in steering kinematics, this paper presents a parallel path tracking method for vehicle based on pre- view back propagation （BP） neural network PID controller. The forward BP neural network can adjust the parameters of PID controller in real time. The preview time is optimized by considering path curvature, change in curvature and road boundaries. A fuzzy controller considering barriers and different road conditions is built to select the starting po- sition. In addition, a kind of path planning technology satisfying the requirement of obstacle avoidance is introduced. In order to solve the problem of discontinuous curvature, cubic B spline curve is used for curve fitting. The simulation results and real vehicle tests validate the effectiveness of the proposed path planning and tracking methods.

Generalized fairing algorithm of parametric cubic splines

Kjellander has reported an algorithm for fairing uniform parametric cubic splines. Poliakoff extended Kjellander’s algorithm to non-uniform case. However, they merely changed the bad point’s position, and neglected the smoothing of tangent at bad point. In this paper, we present a fairing algorithm that both changed point’s position and its corresponding tangent vector. The new algorithm possesses the minimum property of energy. We also proved Poliakoff’s fairing algorithm is a deduction of our fairing algorithm. Several fairing examples are given in this paper.

Climate-growth relationship stability of Picea crassifolia on an elevation gradient,Qilian Mountain,Northwest China

Climate affects Picea crassifolia growth and climate change will lead to changes in the climate–growth relationship(i.e., the "divergence" phenomenon). However, standardization methods can also change the understanding of such a relationship. We tested the stability of this relationship by considering several variables: 1) two periods(1952–1980 and 1981–2009), 2) three elevations(2700, 3000, and 3300 m), and 3) chronologies detrended using cubic splines with two different flexibilities. With increasing elevation, the climatic factor limiting the radial growth of Picea crassifolia shifted from precipitation to temperature. At the elevation of 2700 m, the relationship between radial growth and mean temperature of the previous December changed so that the more flexible spline had a greater precipitation signal. At the elevation of 3000 m, positive correlation of radial growth with mean temperature and precipitation in September of the previous year became more significant. At the elevation of 3300 m, positive correlation between radial growth and precipitation of the currentsummer and the previous spring and autumn was no longer significant, whereas the positive correlation between radial growth and temperature of the current spring and summer strengthened. The detrending with the most flexible spline enhanced the precipitation signal at 2700 m, while that with the least flexible spline enhanced the temperature signal at 3300 m. All results indicated that the divergence phenomenon was affected by the climatic signals in the chronologies and that it was most dependent on the detrending method. This suggests it is necessary to select a suitable spline bootstrap for studies of growth divergence phenomena.

Denoising of hyperspectral imagery by cubic smoothing spline in the wavelet domain

The acquired hyperspectral images （HSIs） are inherently attected by noise wlm Dano-varylng level, which cannot be removed easily by current approaches. In this study, a new denoising method is proposed for removing such kind of noise by smoothing spectral signals in the transformed multi- scale domain. Specifically, the proposed method includes three procedures： 1 ） applying a discrete wavelet transform （DWT） to each band; 2） performing cubic spline smoothing on each noisy coeffi- cient vector along the spectral axis; 3 ） reconstructing each band by an inverse DWT. In order to adapt to the band-varying noise statistics of HSIs, the noise covariance is estimated to control the smoothing degree at different spectra｜ positions. Generalized cross validation （GCV） is employed to choose the smoothing parameter during the optimization. The experimental results on simulated and real HSIs demonstrate that the proposed method can be well adapted to band-varying noise statistics of noisy HSIs and also can well preserve the spectral and spatial features.

A Novel Approach for Numerical Computation of Fokker-Planck Equation

This paper present an implementation of＂modified cubic B-spline differential quadrature method （MCB-DQM）＂ proposed by Arora ＆ Singh （Applied Mathematics and Computation Vol. 224（1） （2013） 161-177） for numerical computation of Fokker-Planck equations. The modified cubic B-splines are used as set of basis functions in the differential quadrature to compute the weighting coefficients for the spatial derivatives, which reduces Fokker-Planck equation into system of first-order ordinary differential equations （ODEs）, in time. The well known SSP-RK43 scheme is then applied to solve the resulting system of ODEs. The efficiency of proposed method has been confirmed by three examples having their exact solutions. This shows that MCB-DQM results are capable of achieving high accuracy. Advantage of the scheme is that it can be applied very smoothly to solve the linear or nonlinear physical problems, and a very less storage space is required which causes less accumulation of numerical errors.

Some stationary weak solutions to inhomogeneous Landau-Lifshitz equations in three dimensions

In this paper, we describe several stationary conditions on weak solutions to the inhomogeneous Landau-Lifshitz equation, which ensure the partial regularity. For certain class of proper stationary weak solutions, a compactness result of the solutions, a finite Hausdorff measure result of the t-slice energy concentration sets and an asymptotic limit result of the Radon measures are proved. We also present a subtle rectifiability result for the energy concentration set of certain sequence of strong stationary weak solutions.

Some Sufficient Conditions of a Solvable Group

A subgroup H of a group G is called semipermutable if it is permutable with every subgroup K of G with （｜H｜, ｜K｜） = 1, and s-semipermutable if it is permutable with every Sylow p-subgroup of G with （p, ｜H｜） = 1. In this paper, some sufficient conditions for a group to be solvable are obtained in terms of s-semipermutability.

Deformation Model Inferred from Focal Mechanisms in the Chinese Mainland and Its Adjacent Areas

We collect seismic moment tensors of the earthquakes occurring from 1900 to 2013 in and around the Chinese mainland and summarize the surface ruptures and displacements of 70 earthquakes with M S≥7. 0. We divide these large earthquakes into three types. Type A contains earthquakes with surface ruptures and displacements. Type B is earthquakes without displacements and Type C is those without any of this data. We simulate a triangular distribution of displacements for Type B and C. Then,we segment these large earthquakes by using their displacements and surface ruptures. Finally,kinematic models are determined from earthquake data and Bicubic Bessel spline functions. The results show that,first of all,the reasonability and spatial consistency of defined models are advanced.Strain rates have better continuity and are comparable with geologic and geodetic results in Himalaya thrust fault zones. The strain rates decrease in the Tarim basin and the Altun Tagh fault zones because of their low seismicity. The direction of compressional deformation in Gobi-Altay is changed from SE to NE and its extensional direction is changed from NE to NW. The extensional deformation in the Ordos block is diminished obviously. Secondly,earthquakes account for 30- 50% of expected motion of India relative to Eurasia determined from the NUVEL-1A model,with a missing component of 20 mm / a which may contain aseismic deformation such as fault creep and folds,the missing parts of earthquake data and elastic strain energy released by potential earthquakes.

Effect of the secondary air distribution layer on separation density in a dense-phase gas–solid fluidized bed

Dry coal separation has been the most significant process in the field of coal beneficiation to date, because of its special advantage of operation with no water consumption. Mineral dry separation research has received wide attention, particularly in countries and regions experiencing drought and water shortages. During the process of dense coal gas-solid fluidized bed beneficiation, the material is stratified according to its density; the high density material layer remains at the bed bottom, and thus the high density coarse particle bed becomes an important infuencing factor in fluidized bed stability. In the steady fluidization stage, a small number of large radius bubbles are the direct cause of unsteady fluidization in the tradi- tional fluidized bed. The dispersion effect of the secondary air distribution bed for air flow is mainly apparent in the gas region; when the particle size exceeds 13 mm, the secondary air distribution bed has a synergistic effect on the density stability of the upper fluidized layer. When the particle size is small, especially when less than 6 ram, particles will constantly move, accounting for instability of the secondary air distribution bed and distorting the stability of the upper fluidized bed. Under optimum operation conditions, the probable deviation E of gas-solid separation fluidized with a high density coarse particle layer can be as low as 0.085 g/cm3.

A polynomial smooth epsilon-support vector regression based on cubic spline interpolation

Regression analysis is often formulated as an optimization problem with squared loss functions. Facing the challenge of the selection of the proper function class with polynomial smooth techniques applied to support vector regression models, this study takes cubic spline interpolation to generate a new polynomial smooth function ｜×｜ε^ 2, in g-insensitive support vector regression. Theoretical analysis shows that Sε^2 -function is better than pε^2 -function in properties, and the approximation accuracy of the proposed smoothing function is two order higher than that of classical pε^2 -function. The experimental data shows the efficiency of the new approach.

On Nonhomogeneous Singular Elliptic Systems with Critical C-K-NExponent

Abstract： In this paper, we are interested in the existence and multiplicity results ofnontrivial solutions to nonhomogeneous singularelliptic systems with critical C-K-N exponent（λ1,λ2）.With the help of the Nehari manifold and under sufficient conditions on the parameters λ1 and λ2, we prove some existence results.