酱油生产中的条池厚层通风制曲与圆盘通风制曲工艺设备的比较

文章从条池厚层通风制曲和圆盘通风制曲的设备结构特点出发,探讨酿造酱油中的制曲工艺设备,并从劳动强度、操作环境和卫生条件、占用面积、机械自动化程度、设备投资运行费用、设备故障率及对生产的影响、设备人员要求以及成曲指标等几个方面,分析比较了条池厚层通风制曲和圆盘通风制曲设备各自的优势特点。

An investigation on electrochemical performances of as-cast and annealed La_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)Ni_(3.3)Co_(0.2)Si_x(x=0-0.2)alloy electrodes for Ni/MH battery application

The La-Mg-Ni-based A2B7-type La0.5Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six （x=0-0.2） electrode alloys were prepared by casting and annealing. The influences of the additional silicon and the annealing treatment on the structure and electrochemical performances of the alloys were investigated systemically. Both of the analyses of XRD and SEM reveal that the as-cast and annealed alloys are of a multiphase structure, involving two main phases （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNi5 as well as one minor phase LaNi3. The addition of Si and annealing treatment bring on an evident change in the phase abundances and cell parameters of （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNi5 phase for the alloy without altering its phase structure. The phase abundances decrease from 74.3% （x=0） to 57.8% （x=0.2） for the （La, Mg）2Ni7 phase, and those of LaNi5 phase increase from 20.2% （x^0） to 37.3% （x=0.2）. As for the electrochemical measurements, adding Si and performing annealing treatment have engendered obvious impacts. The cycle stability of the alloys is improved dramatically, being enhanced from 80.3% to 93.7% for the as-annealed （950 ℃） alloys with Si content increasing from 0 to 0.2. However, the discharge capacity is reduced by adding Si, from 399.4 to 345.3 mA.h/g as the Si content increases from 0 to 0.2. Furthermore, such addition makes the electrochemical kinetic properties of the alloy electrodes first increase and then decrease. Also, it is found that the overall electrochemical properties of the alloys first augment and then fall with the annealing temperature rising.

Performance of Water and Mercury Triple Points Reference Cells under Adiabatic Conditions

Two new miniature metallic sealed-cells containing the triple point of water, WTP （273.16 K） and the triple point of mercury, HgTP （234.3156 K） have been constructed for the realization of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 （ITS-90） at the National Institute of Standards （NIS-Egypt）. The two new cells, in addition to a previously realized argon and oxygen triple point cells, will provide facilities for the calibration of capsule-type standard platinum resistance thermometers （CSPRTs） at one single run. Many phase transition plateaux were carried out and compared to the laboratory large reference cells using the same thermometers in order to test the performance of the new cell.

Effect of nanoclay on properties of porous PVdF membranes

The main requirements for battery separators are high porosity which can serve pathways of lithium ion and space for gel electrolytes to impregnate in a membrane and mechanical strength to allow easy handling for battery assembly. Generally, it appears the trade-off relationship between the porosity and mechanical strength of the membrane. PVdF composite membranes containing nano-size clays were used to improve the mechanical strength of the membrane without affecting the membrane porosity. The composite membranes were prepared by phase inversion method controlling the membrane preparation conditions such as retention time. The resultant membranes show increased mechanical properties with similar membrane porosity around 80 % compared to the pristine PVdF membrane. Incorporation of nonoclay can be considered as an effective method to improve the mechanica! strength in porous membrane supports, especially in a separator.

Culture and Maintenance of Clarias Gariepinus, Heterobranchus Bidorsalis and Their Hybrids in Earthen Pond

Interbreeding of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis was done to produce F1 with fast growing trait using synthetic ovaprim hormone （0.5 ml/kg）. Mean hatching rates were very high （between 72.5% and 92.5%）. The parental stock of C. gariepinus showed higher survival value of 96.0% under indoor rearing. The hybrid produced by crossing of ♂H. bidorsalis and ♀C. gariepinus showed higher growth rate in hapa under suspended （14. 1 0 g） and non-suspended condition （14.30 g） in earthen pond at the end of four months rearing. The growth rate under suspended and non-suspended condition were very high and were not significant different from each other. Comparatively, the hybrid of the cross between （♀） H. bidorsalis and （♂） C. gariepinus was better than the other cross under non-suspended condition while the parental strain ofH. bidorsalis was to produce under the suspended condition. The purpose of this is to produce improved fish with fast growing trait and other qualitative characters that could meet the economic target of Nigerian aquaculture, The hybrids have potential as commercial food fish.

Variation of Quantum Efficiency in CZTSSe Solar Cells with Temperature and Bias Dependence by SCAPS Simulation

The quantum efficiency of CZTSSe （copper zinc tin sulphur selenium） thin film solar cells is numerically simulated at different temperatures and under a set of bias conditions about the efficiency limiting factors. A systematic methodology is developed and integrated into the proposed model to simulate the characteristics in the quantum efficiency. The proposed model is demonstrated with respect to an ideal device model under a set of bias conditions to selectively deactivate performance limiting parameters under light and voltage biased conditions. Under particular wavelength regions and bias conditions, a particular type of defects near the heterojunction interface significantly impact the carrier collection of devices. This deep acceptor type defect distribution is located in the band of ＋/- 0.3 eV from the midgap. These defect states influence CZTSSe spectral responses of red and IR light wavelength regions in quantum efficiency caused by affected depletion width toward the back contact. Therefore, the quantum efficiency of CZTSSe devices is altered disproportionally at biased conditions.

An experimental research of fluid piston oscillation in square moon pool under the wave-flow combined conditions

The article studies the oscillation features of the water in the square moon pool under the circumstances of wave-flow combined conditions. Comparing with the results of experiments of the square moon pool, a series of studies reveal that the water piston oscillation phenomenon is quite similar to that of the circular one. Two types of oscillation are exhibited under different incoming wave periods, i.e. self-excited oscillation and forced oscillation. The difference between the circular and square moon pool is that the attack angle makes greater influences on the square one. "Beating phenomenon" is also found in the square moon pool which is not mentioned of the circular one.

Addressing dynamic photovoltaic processes at electrode:active layer and donor:acceptor interfaces in organic solar cells under device-operating conditions

This article presents our experimental studies to unravel the dynamic photovoltaic processes occurring at donor:acceptor(D:A)and electrode:active layer(E:A)interfaces under device-operating conditions by using two unique magneto-optical measurements,namely photo-induced capacitance and magnetic field effect measurement.First,we have found that a higher surface polarization of dielectric thin film can decrease the surface charge accumulation at E:A interface.The photo-induced capacitance results indicate that dielectric thin film plays a crucial role in the charge collection in generating photocurrent in organic solar cells.Second,our experimental results from magnetic field effect show that the binding energies of charge transfer(CT)states at D:A interface can be evaluated by using the critical bias required to completely dissociate the CT states.This is the first experimental demonstration that the binding energies of CT states can be measured under deviceoperating conditions.Furthermore,we use our measurement of magnetic field effect to investigate the most popular organic photovoltaic solar cells,organometal halide perovskite photovoltaic devices.The results of magneto-photoluminescence show that the photogenerated electrons and holes are inevitably recombined into electron–hole pairs through a spin-dependent process in the perovskites.Therefore,using spin polarizations can present a new design to control the photovoltaic loss in perovskites-based photovoltaic devices.Also,we found that introducing D:A interface can largely affect the bulk charge dissociation and recombination in perovskite solar cells.This indicates that the interfacial and bulk photovoltaic processes are internally coupled in developing photovoltaic actions in perovskite devices.Clearly,these magneto-optical measurements show a great potential to unravel the deeper photovoltaic processes occurring at D:A and E:A interfaces in both organic bulk-heterojunction and perovskite solar cells under device-operating conditions.

同是小蚯蚓,咋就不一样

一天晚上,我正在给小黄豆换水。忽然,两条棕红色的＂绳子＂钻到了我的面前。仔细一瞧,啊呀,洗手池边上装小蚯蚓的盒子里,有两条蚯蚓＂越狱＂啦!看着它们迅速地摆动身体,想去梦想的远方,我来不及叫爸爸妈妈了,自己给自己壮了壮胆,勇敢地伸出两只手,一手一条把蚯蚓抓了起来。此时,我发现了一个奇怪的事情：左手上的蚯蚓,像含羞草一样把自己整个身体都蜷缩了起来,右手的蚯蚓却直直地耷拉着身体。同样是蚯蚓家族,为什么一条这么警惕地保护自己,一条却这么坦然呢？我停止了送蚯蚓回家的行动,带着疑问跑到妈妈的面前。