世变与学术:梁启超的杨学三变

杨朱之学在战国时期“言盈天下”，秦汉以后长期沉寂，清末复苏，新文化运动以后大兴。梁启超就是倡导杨学复兴的著名人物之一。梁启超对杨朱学说的评价有一个从否定、部分肯定到肯定的过程。维新时期（维新变法前后一段时间），出于救亡图存、挽救民族危机需要，对杨学深恶痛绝；新民时期（主编《新民丛报》时期）和新文化运动时期，出于改造国民性、建设新道德需求，对杨学有所肯定；东方文化复兴运动时期（欧游以后）出于反思西方文化、复兴东方文化需求，充分肯定杨学有积极进取精神。

“大思政课”格局下高校思政课程与“课程思政”协同育人模式研究

为了充分发挥高校思想政治教育的长效机制,实现高校“为党育人,为国育才”的使命,目前各高校高度重视思政课程和“课程思政”的协同育人机制。在思政课程和“课程思政”的协同育人方面取得了一定的成效,但也存在诸如主体、内容、场域、教学方式等方面的协同困境,影响了协同育人的效果。因此,高校要找出“课程思政”和思政课程的聚合点,不断优化教师培养、资源整合、场域合作和育人效果等路径,提高协同育人效果。

“取”“与”皆弃的杨朱生命哲学——从文本、哲学到思想史

《列子·杨朱》中杨朱师徒与禽子的对话,展示了有可能归属于杨朱的生命哲学。与学界熟知的不拔一毛以利天下的命题不同,它呈现为两个并列命题——“不损一毫”与“不利天下”,主张对外物“不与”也“不取”,对自我不损一毫也不增一分。其中,大禹作为“不取”的典范被称许。由此可能释放出关于文本与思想的更多信息。极端的不与、不取有违常情,却指向一种摒弃物利、遗世独立而专注于精神修养的养生观。它基于“我”与物的区分,展现为对自我自足性、纯粹性的极端坚守。敬重生命与颠扑不破的自我完足信念,对于现代人类抵御异化有重要价值。在此哲学分析之上,思想史中杨学的兴盛与堙没现象,亦可得以重新解释。

Wood Physical and Mechanical Properties of Populus × canadensis Moench and Populus ×euramericana(Dode) Guinier cv. Gelrica

The physical-mechanical properties of Populus x canadensis Moench and Populus x euramericana （Dode） Guinier cv. Gelrica were studied to provide theoret- ical and scientific bases for the directional breeding and efficient use of artificial forests with P. canadensis and P. euramericana Gelrica. The results showed the air-dried density, basic density of P. canadensis were 0.468 g/cm3 and 0.372 g/cm3, respectively; the shrinkage coefficient of radial, tangential and volume were 0.133%, 0.270% and 0.553%, respectively;the modulus of elasticity in static bending, the bending strength and the compressive strength parallel to grain were 9 302.99 MPa, 79.69 MPa and 40.32 Mpa, respectively. As for the P. euramericana Gelrica, the air-dried density, basic densitywere 0.453 and 0.355 g/cm3, respectively; the shrink- age coefficient of radial, tangential and volume were 0.205%, 0.304% and 0.554%, respectively; the modulus of elasticity in static bending, the bending strength and the compressive strength parallel to grain were 9 014.44, 55.87 and 33.09 Mpa respectively. Comprehensive analysis of the indicators showed that the properties of P. canadensis were better than those of P.euramericana Gelrica.

Bioinformatics Analysis of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-buten1yl diphosphate synthase(HDS) in Populus trichocarpa

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the deprotection of acetyl group on amino group. [Method] A simple, convenient one-pot amino protection group of amide removed by thionyl chloride and pyridine via efficient chlorination and hydroly- sis with 1, 2-dichloroethane as solvent at ambient temperature has been developed. [Result] Pyridine is crucial to the reaction; the best solvent is 1, 2-dichloroethane, and the most suitable reaction temperature is the ambient temperature; in addition, the yield is the highest as the molar ratio of pyridine to N-（4-bromophenyl） ac- etamide is 1：1. [Conclusion] The significant features of this protocol include short re- action time, cleaner reaction profiles, under mild reaction conditions and easy purifi- cation, and simple workup that precludes the use of toxic solvents.

Equivalent bending stiffness of simply supported preflex beam bridge with variable cross-section

In order to understand mechanical characters and find out a calculating method for preflex beams used in particular bridge engineering projects, two types of simply supported preflex beams with variable crosssection, preflex beam with alterative web depth and preflex beam with aherative steel flange thickness, are dis- cussed on how to achieve the equivalent moment of inertia and Young＇ s modulus. Additionally, methods of cal- culating the equivalent bending stiffness and post-cracking deflection are proposed. Results of the experiments on 6 beams agree well with the theoretical analysis, which proves the correctness of the proposed formulas.

Biological characters and rDNA ITS sequences of pathogen of poplar leaf blight

DNA was extracted from the strain of pathogen of poplar leaf blight using a modified CTAB method. ITS sequence （601bp） was initially amplified from the pathogen by using the universal primers ITSl and ITS4 （registered No, DQ011257）. Comparing to the nucleotide sequences acquired from GenBank database, the strain is clustered into the homogeneity with Alternaria alternate （AY787684） and Alternaria alternate （AY354228）, with a homology of 98%, thus the strain was checked as Alternaria alternata （Fr.） Keissler. The optimal conditions for conidia germination and mycelium growth of the pathogen were tested, The optimal temperature for conidia germinating and mycelium growth is 25℃, and the optimal pH value is 6. Mycelium grows rather slowly at 10℃ and 30℃ and growth stops at above 35 ℃. Among the six culture mediums tested, PDA ＋ poplar leaf juice medium is most favorable for mycelium growth.

Simultaneous Determination of Six UV-Filters in Cosmetics by HPLC

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with diode-array detector was established to simultaneously determine the six UV-filters, isopentyl-4-methoxycinnamate, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, ethylhexyl salicylate, homosalate, butyloctyl salicylate and ethylhexyl triazone. They were separated on a Kromasil C18 column, with gradient elution by methanol and water, and detected by HPLC-DAD.All results demonstrated good linear relationship in proper mass concentration range. The limits of quantitation(LOQ) were between 0.5 and 1.25 mg/L. The recoveries of the six compounds ranged from 98.3% to 101.0% at two inrements with the relative standard deviation(RSD) no more than 1.5%.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRO ACUPUNCTURE AND TWIRLING REINFORCING-REDUCING MANIPULATIONS ON VOLUME OF MICROCIRCULATORY BLOOD FLOW IN CEREBRAL PIA MATER

Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and routine acupuncture with twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulation of the needle (RA) both at Zusanli point (St 36) on volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater were observed by fenestration of the cranial bone and laser Doppler microcirculatory blood flow analyser. Results showed that both RA and EA could increase the volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater; and that the increase in the EA group was superior to that in RA group. This suggests that a moderate and effective stimulation is a key to the production of a regulative effect on the organism.

Preliminary Research on the Mathematical Methods and Order of Problems in the“Fungcheng”Chapter of Yang Hui's Mathematical Methods(1261 CE)

Yang Hui was one of the most important authors of mathematical works during the thirteenth century.Mathematical Methods Explaining in Detail The Nine Chapters(Xiangjie jiuzhang suanfa詳解九章算法,1261 CE)is the earliest extant work attributed to Yang Hui.From the thirteenth to the fifteenth century,this work played a crucial role in the circulation and popularization of The Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures(Jiuzhang suanshu九章算术).However,the only surviving printed edition of Mathematical Methods is incomplete and contains many mistakes obstructing contemporary researchers'understanding of this work.The "Fangcheng" chapter of The Nine Chapters deals with problems related to solving what today are known as simultaneous sets of linear equations.However,interpreting the text in this chapter of Mathematical Methods and recovering the mathematical practices relating to fangcheng are difficult.Through detailed textual and mathematical analyses,the author of this paper explains Yang Hufs understanding and practice relating to〃the fangcheng method"and"the method of the positive and the negative".This paper includes an appendix that provides a detailed translation of the ambiguous text relating to"the method of the positive and the negative"and gives reasons supporting the interpretation provided here.Yang Hufs understanding of the concepts of"positive"and"negative"and his practice relating to these two concepts may easily be confused with their apparent counterparts in modem mathematics.Also,careful analysis of the mathematical methods in this work reveal that the order of problems in Yang Hufs Reclassifications of Mathematical Methods Explaining in Detail The Nine Chapters([Xiangjie jiuzhang suanfa zuanlei詳解九章算法纂類],namely,the last section of Mathematical Methods)were rearranged according to commentaries to specific methods that appear in Mathematical Methods.Some textual clues referring to the zzprevious question"(qianwen前問)in certain commentaries of Mathematical Methods indeed reflect the order of problems in Reclassifications.Yang Hui made especially detailed commentaries on the problems that he arranged in a sequence that differs with respect to the original order of problems as they appear in the ancient classic work,The Nine Chapters.All these discoveries reveal and serve to prove a close relationship between Yang Hufs Mathematical Methods and his Reclassifications.

从“禽兽”到“权利哲学家”:论杨朱学派新形象的近代构建

古代杨朱学派的形象主要是负面的，被视为“禽兽”，而近代杨朱学派的形象主要是正面的，人称“权利哲学家”。古代杨朱学派形象的构建受儒家影响大，而近代杨朱学派形象的构建则受西学影响大。处于社会大转型之中的战国时代促兴杨朱学派，而被称为“千年大变局”的“新战国时代”则促使杨学复兴。

本来生活:褚橙爆红“有方”

几乎在一夜之间，褚橙和本来生活网“一举成名天下知”。他们是怎么做到的呢？

Chemical constituents from the stems of Homalium ceylanicum

By means of solvent extraction and repeated chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, HPLC, and preparative TLC, the ethanol extract of the stems of Homalium ceylanicum（Flacourtiaceae/Salicaceae sensu lato） was chemically investigated, which led to the isolation of 13 constituents, including five lignans（1–5） and three isocoumarins（6–8）. Based on the spectroscopic analysis and comparison of its 1H NMR and 13C NMR data with those in literatures, their structures were identified as（–）-5＇-methoxyisolariciresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（1）,（＋）-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（2）,（＋）-isolarisiresinol 3α-O-β-Dglucopyranoside（3）,（–）-isolarisiresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（4）, icariside E5（5）, 3-phenylisocoumarin（6）, homalicine（7）,（–）-dihydrohomalicine（8）, friedelin（9）, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid（10）, catechol（11）, methyl-α-arabinofuranoside（12）, and uridine（13）. All isolates except compounds 6–8 were described from this genus for the first time. Compound 6 was isolated from this species for the first time.

Dyeability of Chemically Treated Wood and its Discoloration by UV-ray Irradiation

The study illustrates differences between colors of poplar I-214 veneers dyed by reactive blue KN-R and 4 kinds of chemical reagents, and those of treated veneer exposed to UV-ray for 3 days. The results show there are some laws in poplar I-214 dyeing and UV-ray attenuation of each chemically treated veneer color. The chemical reaction carded out between cellulose or lignin on veneer surface and dye molecules when they met with. The capability of dyeing and discoloration of veneer is improved by control of dyeing technology, especially chemical treatments; being treated by acetylation and maleic anhydride protects dyed wood discoloration.

Simulation of triaxial response of granular materials by modified DEM

A modified discrete element method(DEM)with rolling effect taken into consideration is developed to examine macroscopic behavior of granular materials in this study.Dimensional analysis is firstly performed to establish the relationship between macroscopic mechanical behavior,mesoscale contact parameters at particle level and external loading rate.It is found that only four dimensionless parameters may govern the macroscopic mechanical behavior in bulk.The numerical triaxial apparatus was used to study their influence on the mechanical behavior of granular materials.The parametric study indicates that Poisson’s ratio only varies with stiffness ratio,while Young’s modulus is proportional to contact modulus and grows with stiffness ratio,both of which agree with the micromechanical model.The peak friction angle is dependent on both inter-particle friction angle and rolling resistance.The dilatancy angle relies on inter-particle friction angle if rolling stiffness coefficient is sufficiently large.Finally,we have recommended a calibration procedure for cohesionless soil,which was at once applied to the simulation of Chende sand using a series of triaxial compression tests.The responses of DEM model are shown in quantitative agreement with experiments.In addition,stress-strain response of triaxial extension was also obtained by numerical triaxial extension tests.

Influence of Raw Material and Mat-forming on Physical-mechanical Properties of Panels

This paper mainly discussed the heat transmission rate and physical-mechanical properties of particleboard (PB) and middle density fiberboard (MDF) with different forming methods. In this experiment, both poplar and wheat-straw with different ratios and different shape forms were used as furnishes; UF and MDI were added to the poplar furnish and wheat-straw one, respectively. The experiment results showed that the layer-forming boards were superior to the mixture-forming boards. Under the given experimental conditions, the poplar to wheat straw ratio has no obvious influence on the mechanical properties, but has significant influence on the thickness swell (TS) of PB and MDF.

Influence of degenerative changes of intervertebral disc on its material properties and pathology

Objective： To investigate the material properties of normal and degenerated intervertebral discs （IVDs） and examine the effect of degenerative changes on IVD pathology. Methods： A computer-based online search was undertaken to identify English articles about material properties of IVDs published from January 1950 to 2011 in PubMed database. The retrieved keywords included material properties, intervertebral disc and degeneration. Based on the principles of reliability, advancement and efficiency, the obtained data were primarily examined, and the original source was retrieved to read the full-text. Repetitive articles were excluded. The data of material properties of normal and degenerated IVDs were summarized and analyzed by meta-analysis. Results： The data of Young＇s modulus, Poisson＇s ratio, shear modulus, hydraulic permeability and intradiscal pres- sure of normal and degenerated 1VDs were obtained. Com- pared with normal IVDs, the Young＇s modulus and shear modulus of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus werehigher in degenerated IVDs, the Poisson＇s ratio was lower while the hydraulic permeability and intradiscal pressure were higher. Besides, the degeneration-related alterations in IVDs had an influence both on itself and other spinal structures, leading to diseases such as bulging disc, discogenic pain and spinal stenosis. Meanwhile, the heavy mechanical loading and injury indicated important pathways to IVD degeneration. Conclusions： To a certain extent, the degenerative changes of IVD influence its material properties. And the degeneration-related alterations of composition can cause structural failure oflVDs, leading to injuries and diseases.