Human disturbance is one of the key concepts in ecological study. In this paper, human disturbances in the Songshan National Level Nature Reserve were distinguished into three types:the dot form, the line form and the...Human disturbance is one of the key concepts in ecological study. In this paper, human disturbances in the Songshan National Level Nature Reserve were distinguished into three types:the dot form, the line form and the patch form. The influences of different types of human disturbances on the deciduous broadleaved forests and Pinus tabulaeformis forest, which were the conservation objects in Songshan National Level Natural Reserve, were investigated. The dot form disturbance occured near the hostels,hotels and administrative buildings in the reserve. It was caused by strong trampling and characterized by strong intensity and small areas of damages. The vegetation had changed thoroughly into pioneer communities dominated by some androphiles. These places become the source of the androphiles to invade the other part of the reserve. The line form disturbance occured along the roads and trails. The construction of the roads had changed the vegetation into pioneer communities in a range of 3?m outside of the roads. The human disturbance near the trails for tourism had a range of effect up to 1～2?m. A negative effect on the regeneration of Pinus tabulaeformis forest at the roadside as well as the number of species and the coverage in the shrub layer had been demonstrated. But a positive effect occured in the herbaceous layer, which was probably due to the diversification of the habitat caused by boundary effect. The patch form disturbance was referred to the cut of the forests by the residents of a village inside of the reserve. The Quercus mongolica forest was damaged and changed into shrublands under this type of disturbance. Although the cutting activities had been forbidden, the existence of the village inside of the reserve had other negative effects to the management of the reserve. Strategies for decreasing the negative effects of human disturbance in Songshan National Natural Reserve, as well as those for a real ecotourism were also discussed.展开更多
啮齿动物是哺乳动物中种类最多、数量最多、分布最广的一个类群。在自然界中啮齿动物是一些食肉动物的主要食物来源,是陆地上许多类型生态系统中食物链的重要环节。近年来,国内外对啮齿类群落的研究已有很多报道（张知彬等,2001;武晓东...啮齿动物是哺乳动物中种类最多、数量最多、分布最广的一个类群。在自然界中啮齿动物是一些食肉动物的主要食物来源,是陆地上许多类型生态系统中食物链的重要环节。近年来,国内外对啮齿类群落的研究已有很多报道（张知彬等,2001;武晓东等,1999;2000;杨扬等,2008;周旭东等,2004;Aragon et al.,2009;Courtalon et al.,2010;Tibault etal.,2010）。组成群落的各个物种随气候、小生境和食物的变化,它们种群数量和生活史性状等各因子便会变化。由此群落的物种组成、空间结构、多样性和种间关系等,也随时间而变化（曾宗永,1994）。展开更多
文摘Human disturbance is one of the key concepts in ecological study. In this paper, human disturbances in the Songshan National Level Nature Reserve were distinguished into three types:the dot form, the line form and the patch form. The influences of different types of human disturbances on the deciduous broadleaved forests and Pinus tabulaeformis forest, which were the conservation objects in Songshan National Level Natural Reserve, were investigated. The dot form disturbance occured near the hostels,hotels and administrative buildings in the reserve. It was caused by strong trampling and characterized by strong intensity and small areas of damages. The vegetation had changed thoroughly into pioneer communities dominated by some androphiles. These places become the source of the androphiles to invade the other part of the reserve. The line form disturbance occured along the roads and trails. The construction of the roads had changed the vegetation into pioneer communities in a range of 3?m outside of the roads. The human disturbance near the trails for tourism had a range of effect up to 1～2?m. A negative effect on the regeneration of Pinus tabulaeformis forest at the roadside as well as the number of species and the coverage in the shrub layer had been demonstrated. But a positive effect occured in the herbaceous layer, which was probably due to the diversification of the habitat caused by boundary effect. The patch form disturbance was referred to the cut of the forests by the residents of a village inside of the reserve. The Quercus mongolica forest was damaged and changed into shrublands under this type of disturbance. Although the cutting activities had been forbidden, the existence of the village inside of the reserve had other negative effects to the management of the reserve. Strategies for decreasing the negative effects of human disturbance in Songshan National Natural Reserve, as well as those for a real ecotourism were also discussed.
文摘啮齿动物是哺乳动物中种类最多、数量最多、分布最广的一个类群。在自然界中啮齿动物是一些食肉动物的主要食物来源,是陆地上许多类型生态系统中食物链的重要环节。近年来,国内外对啮齿类群落的研究已有很多报道（张知彬等,2001;武晓东等,1999;2000;杨扬等,2008;周旭东等,2004;Aragon et al.,2009;Courtalon et al.,2010;Tibault etal.,2010）。组成群落的各个物种随气候、小生境和食物的变化,它们种群数量和生活史性状等各因子便会变化。由此群落的物种组成、空间结构、多样性和种间关系等,也随时间而变化（曾宗永,1994）。
