药剂防治松线虫病的研究

用呋喃丹、克线磷、涕灭威等杀线虫剂进行沟施，防治松树线虫病的效果达９６％～１００％；氧化乐果、果树宝杀虫剂，注射防治松树线虫病的效果为９２％以上；林间应用呋喃丹、涕灭威，其防治效果达６７．５％～１００％，防治后的松林不但枯死率下降，而且生长良好，枝茂叶盛，郁郁葱葱。

药剂防治松线虫病的研究

用呋喃丹、克线磷、涕灭威等杀线虫剂沟施,防治松树线虫病的效果可达96%～100%;氧化乐果、果树宝杀虫剂注射,防治松树线虫病的效果为92%以上;林间应用呋喃丹、涕灭威,其防治效果达67.5～100%,防治后的松林不但枯死率下降,而且生长良好,枝茂叶盛,郁郁葱葱。

GIS在大连松线虫病预防中的应用

松线虫病又名松干线虫病、松材线虫病、松树萎蔫病,广泛分布于日本、美国、德国等国家,现在已知能患此病的松树多达24种之多。随着我国经济的高速发展和改革开放的深入,对进口木材及包装箱的需求越来越多,随之而来的就是大量的松干线虫附着在各种物品上进入我国。由于没有天敌和相对有效的防治措施,在很长一段时间内造成其大面积扩散,而快速的预防,清理感染树木就是目前行之有效的方法之一。本文就是探讨GIS在松干线虫暴发初期快速预防和清理感染树木中的应用。

基于林业病虫害防治意义及松材线虫病综合防治技术分析

松材线虫病是一种毁灭性极强的病虫害,主要由松材线虫引起,这种病一旦蔓延就会在短时间内造成松树大量死亡,使松林面积大量减少,对松林生产与发展产生极其严重的危害,甚至可能破坏该区域内的植物生态系统。病毒的传播途径非常广泛,蔓延也十分迅速,防治起来也极具难度。因此,必须要根据松材线虫的特性,研究其发病机理,结合松材线虫的传播途径,寻找松材线虫病的综合防治技术,使松材线虫病得到有效防治。分析了林业病虫害防治意义及松材线虫病防治综合技术。

松材线虫病的危害及防治措施分析

近年来,松线虫病已对我国林业造成了巨大的损失,本文探究松线虫病的发病原理、危害及传播方式,梳理松线虫病发病机理,提出了防治松线虫病的相应措施。此举不仅能降低经济损失,同时还能改善生态环境,促进林业健康发展。

松材线虫病防治存在的问题及措施

近年来,松材线虫病发生较为严重,极易在松树间传播且危害大。文章阐述了松材线虫病的症状,指出防治中存在检疫系统不完善、防治难度大、防治技术认识不足、资金投入不足等问题,并提出具体的防控措施。

日本林业的发展趋向

日本进入八十年代,国家经济处于克服第二次石油危机所带来的影响、恢复不景气状况的过程中。由于世界资本主义国家的经济长期不振和国内设备投资的停滞,恢复进程极为缓慢。1981年,国民经济的增长率只3.8％。国家经济长期未见好转的状态,不能不对林业产生不良影响。

Theory and Practice of Controlling and Extinguishing Pine Wilt Disease

[Objective] This study was aimed to review the controlling experience of pine wilt disease in the past 25 years, explore the theories and methods of controlling pine wilt disease, and improve the scientific level of controlling techniques and the protection capacity of healthy pine trees. [Method] Eleven items of effects were used to refine the theory of clearing dead pine trees affected by pine wilt disease, namely, ＂1 priority＂, ＂2 objections＂, ＂3 principles＂, ＂4 measures＂, and ＂5 manage- ments＂. On the basis of comprehensive control and complete removal of the infect- ed pine trees, a variety of comprehensive and efficient controlling methods were developed to carry out targeted chemical ecology trapping, bionic pesticide killing and releasing natural enemies of Sclerodermus guani, Dastarcus helophoroides. High ef- ficient emamectin benzoate immune injection was developed to inject the healthy pine trees for prevention, so as to extinguish the pine wilt disease. [Result] The pine wilt disease dropped from the peak of 3.5 million dead trees with an infecting area of 28 273 hectares in 1999 to 0.068 million with an area of 4 333 hectares in 2012 gradually, reducing by 98.06% in number and 84.84% in area, respectively. On the basis of removal, Dastarcus helophoroides was also released, which could make the number of dead pines decrease more significantly than the control, and af- ter releasing for 5 consecutive years, the dead pine trees dropped to 0.511 plant/hm2 in 2012, with a mortality rate of 0.022 7%, which achieved the control effect, reaching extremely significant level. ＂Forest land removal＋infected trees isolation＋natural enemy release＂ could extinguish the pine wilt disease. The test of isolating 24 heaps of infected pine trees showed that there were 9 heaps of pine trees extinguished the pine wilt disease, which controlled the occurrence of pine wilt disease for 100%, accounting for 37.5% of the total, in which the number of those isolated using iron netting and nylon net were 4 for each, accounting for 88.9%, and there was one heap using polypropylene net, accounting for 11.1%. The invention of em- amectin benzoate immune injection laid the foundation for extinguishing pine wilt disease. The follow checking of the effects of emamectin benzoate immune injection on pine wilt disease found that the number of dead trees caused by pine wilt dis- ease decreased significantly after injecting, and became very small in October of the next year, and the disease was completely extinguished in the third year. [Conclusionl Pine wilt disease could be controlled and extinguished with positive control by using ＂comprehensive cleaning＋industrialized removal＂, ＂comprehensive cleaning＋ natural enemy release＂, ＂comprehensive cleaning＋infected trees isolation＋natural ene- my release＂ and ＂comprehensive cleaning＋emamectin benzoate immune＂.

First record of Bursaphelenchus rainulfi on pine trees from eastern China and its phylogenetic relationship with intro-genus species

Bursaphelenchus rainulfi isolated from dead pine trees in Zbejiang, China, is described and illustrated. It also provided some molecular characters of the Chinese population, including the PCR-RFLP and sequences of ITS region and D2-D3 expansion region of the large subunit （LSU） rRNA gene. Both the morphological characters and ITS-RFLP patterns match with the original description. The phylogenetic trees based on the 13 sequences of D2-D3 expansion region of the LSU rRNA gene and ITS region of Bursaphelenchus species were constructed, respectively, with the results showing the similar clades. The phylogenetic relationship based on the molecular data is similar to that with morphological characters. This is the first report of the species on pine wood in eastern China.

Poisson and Negative Binomial Modeling Techniques for Better Understanding Pasteuria penetrans Spore Attachment on Root-Knot Nematode Juveniles

Pasteuria penetrans controls root knots nematodes （Meloidogyne spp.） either by preventing invasion or by causing female sterility. The greatest control effect ofP. penetrans occurred when an efficient quantity ofP. penetrans spores attached to nematodes cuticle. The number of spores attaching to J2s within a given time increased with increasing the time of attachment. Based to that, we produced attachment data in vitro recorded encumbered nematodes 1, 3, 6 and 9 h after placing nematodes in a standard P. penetrans spore suspensions. From the count data obtained we modeled P. penetrans attachment using the Poisson and the negative binomial distribution. Attachment count data observed to be over dispersed with respect to high numbers of spores sticks on each J2 after at 6 and 9 h after spores application. We concluded that negative binomial distribution was shown to be the most appropriate model to fit the observed data sets considering that P. penetrans spores are clumped.

Research Advances in Interplay of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Other Key Biological Factors Related to Pine Wilt Disease

The paper separately discusses interplay of pine wood nematode and several key biological factors related to pine wilt disease, such as host trees, insect vectors, fungi, symbiotic bacteria, and natural enemy acarid, etc. By virtue of so much complicated interplay among the biological factors related to pine wilt disease which is different from other forest disease, it also points out that the further researches about pine wilt disease should focus on interplay mechanism of key biological factors to discover pathogenic mechanism, and simple and quick inspection and quarantine methods.

Review of Pathogen Identification and Diagnosis Technology of Pinewood Nematode Disease

This article briefly introduced the disease incidence and disservice situation in China. The disease is regarded as cancer in pines for its higher spread and death speed and the difficulty in prevention. Strict quarantine is the main measure on countrol of the disease, for there are many difficulties in the prevention. The most important part of the disease study is the early diagnosis and detection.