如何走出极化性群体决策的陷阱

一、极化性群体决策 从管理学的角度来看,群体决策能够比个人提供更完整的信息,带来多样化的备选方案,从而能够降低个人决策的风险,因此在大多数企业中广泛应用。但是,群体决策也并非是无懈可击、完美无暇的,大量的事实表明,在群体决策中,向更具风险性的决策转变的倾向更为明显了。群体决策更倾向于夸大冒险性或谨慎性,换句话讲,群体决策被“两极化”了。它是群体决策的一种极端形式,我们称之为极化性群体决策,相比个人决策来说,它具有更大的危害性。

如何走出极化性群体决策的陷阱

一、群体决策及其极化性 市场经济发展到今天,企业经营的外部环境发生了重大的变化.其中,一个最突出的方面就是外部环境中的各种不确定性大大增强了,这对企业经营决策的正确性提出了更高的要求,因为一旦决策失误,就有可能给企业带来无可挽回的损失,甚至将企业引上绝路.

如何走出极化性群体决策的陷阱

群体决策是现代企业广为采用的一种决策方法,具有集思广益的重要作用,但操作不当也会走入极端,使企业经营停滞不前或更具风险。因此,如何弥补群体决策的缺陷将是提高企业决策质量的有力保证。

网络民粹主义特征的政治学解读

随着互联网技术的发展,有着广泛群众基础的虚拟网络世界可能成为民粹主义狂欢的新平台,为警惕网络世界未民主先民粹的情况,需对网络民粹主义进行关注。从政治学的角度对网络民粹主义的特征进行学理分析,认为网络民粹主义具有虚拟现实性、直接参与性、人民至上性、群体极化性、话语霸权性等特征。

T helper cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the compositions of Th1/Th2/Th3 cells in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals by determining the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), inetrferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and transform growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in single CD4(+) T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the role of polarized Th cell populations in chronic HBV-infection was discussed. METHODS: PBMCs from chronically infected HBV individuals were isolated, stimulated by PMA/Ionomycin/Monensin, and IL-4, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta production by CD4(+) T cells was determined by using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. RESULTS: The percentage of IFN-gamma-producing T cells, IL-4-producing T cells and TGF-beta-producing T cells ranged from 2.3% - 18.6%, 1.1% - 8.7% and 0.7% - 7.1% respectively in CD4(+) T cells from non-infected individuals. Most of CD4(+) T cells from PBMCs in chronically infected HBV individuals were Th0 cells. The proportion of Th1 cells increased significantly with hepatic inflammatory activity, and in the active period of chronic hepatitis B infection were higher than those in the non-active period (P 0.05), but were higher than that from controls (P