伪效应代数的极真算子

本文研究了伪效应代数的极真算子的问题。利用在与剩余格和基本代数中定义偏序概念相同的传统方式的方法,获得了极真算子的一些基本性质,研究了态射与恒等映射之间的关系。

极真极假 诗意盎然

意境是中国艺术追求的最高境界，意境的创造，表现为实的形象和虚的联想的统一，“实的形象”就是生活的真实，“虚的联想”就是艺术的真实。我们欣赏一句诗、一首诗，乃至其他的艺术作品，就是将虚和实作为参照系统进行相互比较的认知过程，在这个认知过程中，

基命题:极小主义真理论解决说谎者悖论的策略

面对说谎者悖论的挑战,极小主义真理论以真谓词以及意义使用论为基础,以基命题作为甄别标准,通过限定等值模式的可接受实例,从而达到避免说谎者悖论的目的。为了弥补无基命题产生的不足,霍维奇进一步提出了语义认知方案,从语义层面配合基命题限定等值模式的可接受实例。

周敦颐“无极之真”意蕴发微

关于周敦颐"无极而太极"的真实意蕴,诸家诠释各异,其根本在诠释理则和方法不同,是否就濂溪而悟濂溪,或跳出濂溪,从历史与逻辑的统一论濂溪。《太极图说》本意在返回自心而探宇宙与人生的真谛,坚持形上与形下、实在与理性、天道与人道、相对与绝对的辩证统一。朱熹诠释"无形有理",旨在坚持儒家性理之学;佛家以"无极之真"坚持理性与非理性的统一,破除经学独断论;新道家以太极阴阳五行化生之道与现代科学理性、经济哲学相接轨;近现代哲学则以无为与有为、实体与真际的辩证以及目的论的宇宙观的诠释,为通向唯物辩证的真理观作了铺垫。

Effects of surface roughness of substrate on properties of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings

Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings were deposited on Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates with different surface roughnesses by vacuum cathodic arc deposition method. Microstructure, micro-hardness, adhesion strength and cross-sectional morphology of the obtained multilayer coatings were investigated. The results show that the Vickers hardness of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coating, with a film thickness of 11.37 μm, is 29.36 GPa. The erosion and salt spray resistance performance of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates can be evidently improved by Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coating. The surface roughness of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates plays an important role in determining the mechanical and erosion performances of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings. Overall, a low value of the surface roughness of substrates corresponds to an improved performance of erosion and salt spray resistance of multilayer coatings. The optimized performance of Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN multilayer coatings can be achieved provided that the surface roughness of Cr_17Ni_2 steel substrates is lower than 0.4μm.

Preparation of metal zinc from hemimorphite by vacuum carbothermic reduction with CaF_2 as catalyst

Zn reduction was investigated by the vacuum carbothermic reduction of hemimorphite with or without CaF2 as catalyst.Results indicate that CaF2 can catalyze the carbothermic reduction of zinc silicate,decrease the reaction temperature and time.The lower the reaction temperature and the more the amount of CaF2,the better the catalytic effect.The optimal process condition is obtained as follows：the addition of about 10% CaF2,the reaction temperature of 1373 K,the molar ratio of C to ZnTotal of 2.5,the pressure of system lower than 20 kPa,the reaction time of about 40 min.Under the optimal process condition,the zinc reduction rate is about 93% from hemimorphite.

FE Method of Analysing Detecting Electrode of Capacitance Proximity Fuze

The finite element method is first introduced into the design process of detecting electrodes of three electrode capacitance fuze, the mutual capacitance of the fuze and target is calculated by the finite element method, which provides the parameters for simulation circuit and design of detecting electrode. The finite element method pierces the traditional method of designing detecting electrode-design, test and adjustment. The system capacitance can be calculated accurately and the performance can be predicted in the design period of the detecting electrode, which saves a lot of research fee. The capacitances of a mortar shell fuze above ground 2 m and lower are given. After putting the computing data into simulating circuit, the demodulation voltage can be obtained, its changing trend is in agreement with the tested result.

极小主义真理论的基本思想与理论特征

极小主义真理论作为紧缩真理论的一个分支,既赞同紧缩论关于真的一般性理论观点,又不完全同意紧缩论的看法,是一种特殊的紧缩论。其基本思想与理论特征可以概括为:通过以意义为核心的真模式间接定义真;认为真是归属于命题的一种弱属性;区分“真”与“真的”的不同意义;反对简单地消除真谓词。

Pretreatment of lead anode slime with low silver by vacuum distillation for concentrating silver

The feasibility of separation of lead anode slime with low silver by vacuum distillation was analyzed theoretically. The volatilization rates and mass fractions of elements, influenced by distillation temperature, heat preservation time and material thickness, were investigated under laboratory conditions. The experimental results indicate that almost all of lead and bismuth can be separated from silver-contained multicomponent alloy at 1 223 K for 45 min when the chamber pressure maintains at 10-25 Pa. Silver can be easily enriched in the residue and its mass fraction increases from 3.6% to 27.8% when the distillation temperature is between 1 133 K and 1 373 K. Due to the forming ofintermetallic compounds Cu2Sb, Cul0Sb3 and Ag3Sb, the antimony could not be evaporated completely during the vacuum distillation. EDS analysis indicates that the condensate has a columnar crystal structure.

Electrode properties and phase composition of Ti_(0.5)Ni_(0.25)Al_(0.25) hydrogen storage alloys and theoretical simulation

Ti0.5Al0.25Ni0.25 alloy prepared by vacuum induction melting was studied.The phase composition was analyzed with X-ray technique and EDS analysis,and its electrochemical properties were investigated at various temperatures.Electrochemical reaction kinetic parameters were also studied with proper electrochemical techniques.The influence of the secondary corrosion reaction on the anodic linear polarization measurement was also analyzed by theoretical simulation.The results show that,proper ball-milling with nickel powders is beneficial to electrochemical performance.The theoretical simulation proves that,the existence of the side reaction can disturb the measurement of electrochemical reaction kinetic parameters.

论霍维奇极小真概念的戴维森式反驳

对于当代真理紧缩论的典型代表,即极小真概念,戴维森认为其等价模式的具体实例不可理解,即我们无法在坚持极小真概念关于真理是客观的前提下,基于句子"p"的语义特征来理解复杂单称词项"命题(that) p"的指称。这一批评被学者称为"戴维森式反驳"。对此反驳,一些学者认为,借助戴维森处理间接引语的并列理论可以有效地回应它,但是,由于并列理论本身不成立,因而上述回应并不成功。但是,这并不意味着戴维森式反驳是可接受的:其一,如果它成立,那么受害者绝不仅仅是极小真概念;其二,戴维森式反驳的核心要求,即在等价模式中出现两次的句子"p"具有相同的语义特征,本身是一个不合理的要求。

Surface Photocatalysis-TPD Spectrometer for Photochemical Kinetics

A surface photocatalysis-TPD apparatus devoted to studying kinetics and mechanism of pho- tocatalytic processes with various signal crystal surfaces has been constructed. Extremely high vacuum （-0.2 nPa） in the ionization region is obtained by using multiple ultrahigh vacuum pumps. Compared with similar instruments built previously by others~ the H2, CH4 background in the ionization region can be reduced by about two orders of magnitude, and other residual gases in the ionization region can be reduced by about an order of magnitude. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio for the temperature programmed desorption （TPD） and time of flight （TOF） spectra is substantially enhanced, making experimental studies of pho- tocatalytic processes on surfaces much easier. In this work, we describe the new apparatus in detail and present some preliminary studies on the photo-induced oxygen vacancy defects on TiO2（110） at 266 nm by using the TPD and TOF methods. Preliminary results suggest that the apparatus is a powerful tool for studying kinetics and mechanism of photochemical processes.

Highly efficient class-F power amplifier with digital predistortion for WCDMA applications

A digital predistorted class-F power amplifier （PA） using Cree GaN HEMT CGH40010 operating at 2. 12 GHz is presented to obtain high efficiency and excellent linearity for wideband code-division multiple access （ WCDMA ） applications. Measurement results with the continuous wave （CW） signals indicate that the designed class-F PA achieves a peak power-added efficiency （PAE） of 75. 2% with an output power of 39.4 dBm. The adjacent channel power ratio （ACPR） of the designed PA after digital predistortion （DPD） decreases from -28. 3 and -27. 5 dBc to -51.9 and -54. 0 dBc, respectively, for a 4-carrier 20 MHz WCDMA signal with 7. 1 dB peak to average power ratio （PAPR）. The drain efficiency （DE） of the PA is 37. 8% at an average output power of 33. 3 dBm. The designed power amplifier can be aoolied in the WCDMA system.

An Iterative Clustering-Based Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks,node localization is a fundamental middleware service.In this paper,a robust and accurate localization algorithm is proposed,which uses a novel iterative clustering model to obtain the most representative intersection points between every two circles and use them to estimate the position of unknown nodes.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other localization schemes (such as Min-Max,etc.) in accuracy,scalability and gross error tolerance.

Behavior of Vacuum Polarization of Gauge-Boson and Wavefunction Renormalization Factor of Fermion in Different Phases of QED3

We investigate the behavior of the vacuum polarization of the gauge-boson Ⅱ and the wave-function renormalization factor of the fermion A in QEDs, using the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the gauge-boson and fermion propagator. Using several different ansatze for the fermion-gauge-boson vertex, we find that the wave-function renormalization factor .4 and especially the vacuum polarization Ⅱ have different behaviors in the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking phase and in the chiral symmetric phase and hence in the phenomenological applications of QED3 one should choose different forms of gauge-boson propagator for these two phases. We also find that when adopting a specific ansatze of the fermion-gauge-boson vertex （ansatze （3）） the vacuum polarization function equals its one-loop perturbative result in the chiral symmetric phase. This fact suggests that in QEDs the Wigner vacuum corresponds to the perturbative vacuum.

Effect of bias voltage on microstructure,mechanical and tribological properties of TiAlN coatings

TiAlN multilayer coatings composed of TiAl and TiAlN layers were deposited on ZL109 alloys using filtered cathodic vacuum arc(FCVA)technology.The effect of bias voltage on the microstructure and properties of the coating was systematically studied.The results show that the coating exhibits a multi-phase structure dominated by TiAlN phase.As the bias voltage increases,the orientation of TiAlN changes from(200)plane to(111)plane due to the increase of atomic mobility and lattice distortion.The hardness,elastic modulus and adhesion of the coating show the same trend of change,that is,first increase and then decrease.When the bias voltage is 75 V,the coating exhibits the highest hardness(~30.3 GPa),elastic modulus(~229.1 GPa),adhesion(HF 2)and the lowest wear rate(~4.44×10^(−5)mm^(3)/(N·m)).Compared with bare ZL109 alloy,the mechanical and tribological properties of TiAlN coated alloy surface can effectively be improved.

Resistivity measurement of conductive asphalt concrete based on two-electrode method

The objective of this work is to develop a novel methodology for determining real resistivity of conductive asphalt concrete based on two-electrode method.Due to an influence of contact resistance,the measured resistivity is always not equal to the real resistivity.To determine the real resistivity,a linear relationship of the measured resistivity,contact resistance and the real resistivity was established.Then experiments for six specimens with varying graphite contents were designed and performed to validate the formulation.Results of experiments demonstrate that the slope of the line represents contact resistance,and the intercept indicates the real resistivity.The effects of graphite content on contact resistance and real resistivity are also revealed.Finally,results show that the influence of contact resistance on accuracy of resisitvity measurement becomes more serious if graphite content is beyond 3%.Hence,it is the time to choose this novel methodology to determine the real resistivity of asphalt concrete by taking account of contact resistance.

On Verification of the New Criterion of Adiabaticity by Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Propagation through the Polar Front

To assess the adiabaticity of acoustic propagation in the ocean is very important for acoustic field calculation(forward problem) and tomographic retrieving (inverse problem). A new criterion of adiabaticity is proposed recently (Shang et al., 2001). In this paper, numerical simulation has been conducted for acoustic propagation through the Polar Front to verify the new criterion. Numerical results on the f (frequency) -m (mode number) plan demonstrate that the new criterion works very well for this extremely non-gradual ocean structure.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE ON CLIMATIC VARIATIONS OVER EAST ASIAN MONSOON REGION DURING EQUATORIAL EAST PACIFIC OCEAN SSTA

This paper investigates the influence of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on climatic variations over East Asian monsoon region, based on CAS IAP AGCM-Ⅱduring Equatorial East Pacific Ocean SSTA or not. The results show that the southwest monsoon over East Asian will break out later than normal, the intensity of the summer monsoon over the South China Sea (SCS) is stronger than normal, and more rainfall on Chinese main land is simulated when only IOD forcing exists. With both IOD and Equatorial East Pacific Ocean SSTA forcing, the southwest monsoon will break out much later than normal, the intensity of the SCS summer monsoon also is weaker than normal, and less rainfall in North China is simulated. Therefore, Equatorial East Pacific Ocean SSTA and IOD have a synergic effect.

Determination of Boron Trifluoride in Boron Trifluoride Complex by Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode

A method was proposed to determine boron trifluoride in boron trifluoride complex using fluoride ion selective electrode(ISE). Hydroxide was chosen to mask aluminum for the determination of 0.01—0.1 mol/L of fluoride. The simulation indicated that the permissible aluminum masked at a certain p H value was limited and hardly related to F-concentration and boric acid. It is better to control p H value below 11.5 and the aluminum concentration within 0.025 mol/L to minimize the interference of hydroxide to the fluoride ISE. The decomposition conditions of boron trifluoride by aluminum chloride were investigated. It is found that the F-detection ratio will approach 1.0 if the Al/F molar ratio is 0.3—0.7 and aluminum concentration is no more than 0.02 mol/L when heated at 80 ℃ for 10 min. In one word, hydroxide is quite fit to mask aluminum for samples which contain high content of fluoride and aluminum and the BF3 content can be successfully determined by this method.