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附角斗的缘起 被引量:4
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作者 马晓 《华中建筑》 2003年第5期104-104,共1页
首先论述了附角斗的起源,指出它与补间铺作的形成与演变有着渊源关系,并在此基础上定义了附角斗的概念。其次探讨了辽金时期附角斗的功能,试图从中理清附角斗产生、发展的历史进程。
关键词 中国古典建筑 附角斗 构件起源
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Comparison of stand structure and growth between artificial and natural forests of Pinus sylvestiris var. mongolica on sandy land 被引量:21
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作者 朱教君 范志平 +2 位作者 曾德慧 姜凤岐 MATSUZAKI Takeshi 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2003年第2期103-111,共9页
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) as a valuable conifer tree species has been broadly introduced to the sandy land areas in 揟hree North?regions (North, northwest and northeast of Chi... Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) as a valuable conifer tree species has been broadly introduced to the sandy land areas in 揟hree North?regions (North, northwest and northeast of China), but many problems occurred in the earliest Mongolian pine plantations in Zhanggutai, Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province (ZZL). In order to clarify the reason, comprehensive investigations were carried out on differences in structure characteristics, growth processes and ecological factors between artificial stands (the first plantation established in ZZL in 1950s) and natural stands (the origin forests of the tree species in Honghuaerji, Inner Mongolia) on sandy land. The results showed that variation of diameter-class distributions in artificial stands and natural stands could be described by Weibull and Normal distribution models, respectively. Chapman-Richards growth model was employed to reconstruct the growth process of Mongolian pine based on the data from field investigation and stem analysis. The ages of maximum of relative growth rate and average growth rate of DBH, height, and volume of planted trees were 11, 22 years, 8, 15 years and 35, 59 years earlier than those of natural stand trees, respectively. In respect of the incremental acceleration of volume, the artificial and natural stands reached their maximum values at 14 years and 33 years respectively. The quantitative maturity ages of artificial stands and natural stands were 43 years and 102 years respectively. It was concluded that the life span of the Mongolian pine trees in natural stands was about 60 years longer than those in artificial stands. The differences mentioned above between artificial and natural Mongolian pine forests on sandy land were partially attributed to the drastic variations of ecological conditions such as latitude, temperature, precipitation, evaporation and height above sea level. Human beings' disturbances and higher density in plantation forest may be ascribed as additional reasons. Those results may be potentially useful for the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas. 展开更多
关键词 Pinus sylvestiris var. mongolica Mongolian pine Sandy land COMPARISON Growth model
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