《文心雕龙》构史与史籍文献

《文心雕龙》构史受到史书的深刻影响,一方面刘勰钩沉文体史所依托的史料大量出于史书,另一方面史书的思想观念也对其文体史生成起到重要作用。史书记叙历代君王诏策诰令的言说情境,嵌入重要文书史料,这为刘勰诏策类文体史书写提供了丰富文本依据;史书记载历代臣子参政议政事迹,录入文人上奏各类文书,这是刘勰章表奏议辨体选篇的重要依托;史书录入骚赋、大赋、小赋作品,保存了不少赋学材料,刘勰创建赋史多所凭借;史书大量记载经论、史论、政论、玄论等文本和本事,为刘勰“论”选篇构史提供支撑;史书记载历代游说文的文本和本事,刘勰说文“选文以定篇”赖此而成。

粤剧西征、史戏同构与大河叙事——论历史小说《西江英雄传》的文体特质

长篇小说《西江英雄传》以岭南历史文化名人李文茂为传主,纵向开启了咸丰年间岭南的历史时间探溯;又以社会学的方式,围绕李文茂“戏子称王”的历史事件,从空间的角度沿西江全景式地展开了岭南历史文化画卷,两个维度使该作品具备史诗特质。从文体特质来看,小说继承了“史传”文学传统,以小说的方式叙述历史、以“戏”的方式隐喻历史、以社会学的方式还原历史。作者从岭南文化的网状集结与西迁、历史小说的虚实比率把控、“大河式”文学地理学叙事艺术三个方面呈现了传记小说的文体价值与实践路径。

Influence of thermal history on conversion of aluminate species in sodium aluminate solution

It is necessary to clarify the influence of thermal history on the conversion of aluminate species in sodium aluminate solution in order to optimize Bayer alumina production. The interconversion of various solution species in the systems was investigated by measuring the infrared spectra of sodium aluminate solution with different compositions after separate heat treatment, dilution and concentration. The results show that increasing temperature or prolonging holding time favors the transformation of Al2O（OH）2- to Al—OH vibration（condensed Al O4 tetrahedral aluminate ion） at about 880 cm-1 and Al（OH）-4. A12O（OH）2-66 and Al—OH tetrahedral dimer ions convert rapidly to Al（OH）-4 during the dilution process; however, the back transformation of Al（OH）-4 to the Al—OH tetrahedral dimer ions can occur in diluted sodium aluminate solution. As for the concentration process, the transformation of Al（OH）-4 to A12O（OH）2-6 and Al—OH tetrahedral dimer ions can take place, while it is relatively difficult to transform to A12O（OH）2-6.

Contemporary and Historic Population Structure of Abies spectabilis at Treeline in Barun Valley,Eastern Nepal Himalaya

Treeline ecotone dynamics of Abies spectabilis （D. Don） Mirb. in the Barun valley, Makalu Barun National Park, eastern Nepal Himalaya were studied by establishing seven plots （20 m x variable length） from the foresfline to the tree species limit： three plots on the south- and north-facing slopes each （S1-S3, N1-N3）, and one plot on the east- facing slope （E） in the relatively undisturbed forests. A dendroecological method was used to study treeline advance rate and recruitment pattern. In all the plots, most trees established in the early 20th century, and establishment in the second half of the 20th century was confined to the foresfline area. Treeline position has not advanced substantially in the Barun valley, with 0nly 22 m average elevational shift in the last 13o years, and with average current shifting rate of 14 cm/yr. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between tree age and elevation on the south-, north-, and east-facing slopes. The number of seedlings and saplings in near the treeline area was negligible compared to that near the foresfline area. Therefore, A. spectabilis treeline response to the temperature change was slow, despite the increasing temperature trend in the region. Beside the temperature change, factors such as high inter-annual variability in temperature, dense shrub cover, and local topography also play an important role in treeline advance and controlling recruitment pattern above the treeline.

A Review on Researches of Active Tectonics—History,Progress and Suggestions

This paper reviews the history and progress of research on active tectonics in China and overseas.By giving a brief introduction on the history of active tectonic research in China and other countries,the paper sums up the process and development of quantitative investigation of active tectonics since the 1980s.The focus is on the main efforts and progress made in China on certain aspects of research,such as basic surveys and applied investigation of active tectonics,the study of theories related to regional active tectonics and their kinematics and geodynamics,surveys on coupling relations between deep and shallow structures,active fault surveys and prospecting and seismic hazard assessment in urban areas,as well as the efforts made using Quaternary geochronology.Furthermore,the paper looks back on Chinese quantitative investigation of active tectonics in China and sums up cognitions derived from studies on the determination of several basic and measurable parameters of active tectonics.These parameters include the length of fault and fault segmentation,coseismic slip and cumulative slip,fault slip rate,the sequence of paleoearthquake events and the time elapsed since the most recent event.At the same time,efforts and progress made in China on assessing the long-term seismic potential for active faults and evaluating the risk from potential active fault movement have been reviewed by summarizing research on developing theories,models,methods and the application of time-dependent seismic potential to probabilistic assessment,magnitude estimation for potential earthquakes on active faults,and the forecast of potential risk caused by active fault movement.Finally,in consideration of the realities and problems in the research of active tectonics in China,the authors put forward several suggestions for issues worthy of more attention for further investigation in the future.

“The Impression of Reality”： Fiction and Testimony in Dostoevsky＇s Notes

Truth of fiction might sound like a paradox, at least within the Platonic doxa. But perhaps there is no truth without fiction; Plato＇s own myths would testify to this necessary combination of ＂history＂ and ＂story＂ （histoire, storia, Geschichte, etc.）. Still, it might be not enough simply to affirm the necessity of fictional narrative for an historical account. In some cases, it would be difficult to accept a fictional aspect of historical testimony. Jorge Semprdn claims, on the other hand, that only fiction is able to communicate a traumatic, ＂unbearable＂ experience such as the one of prison camps. He refers to the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky as his model. My paper analyzes this testimonial aspect of Dostoevsky＇s Notes, especially the Notes from a Dead House. It shows, the particularity of this work, which combines an intense personal experience with a fictional elaboration, a quasi-novelistic setting, plot, and characters. I claim that in a sense such a combination might be considered as a model for literature in general, for its testimonial value, for its truth.

Traditional Structures Technologies in Tekye-Amir-Chakhmagh

Iranian traditional architecture can be identified in many of its old famous buildings in the country. The principles and specifications in these buildings show the intelligence of implemented techniques that makes them to remain stable. Thus, it is important to explore the traditional structures and architectural technologies in order to understand the reasons for this stability toward the new methods in modem architecture. Many of historical buildings in Iran have remained standing after many years and they show the deep wisdom of their architects. The purpose of this article is studying the various aspects of traditional structure and integration between this well-oriented structure and architecture. For reaching this goal, we refer to Tekye-Amir-Chakhmagh in Yazd as our case study, which is one of the most important and noticeable examples of Iranian traditional architecture. By introducing Amir-Chakhmagh Complex, we analyzed the specifications and fundamental elements that played an important role in stability and sustainability of Tekye-Amir-Chakhmagh and thereafter, we assessed the technologies that were used intelligently and intricately in this historical building. In this research, information is collected with field study and library resources. Finally, qualities and characteristics of the structure are studied by drawings and structural analysis and as conclusion, the suggestions and guidelines are presented.

Liquid−liquid structure transition in metallic melt and its impact on solidification:A review

Understanding the nature of liquid structures and properties has always been a hot field in condensed matter physics and metallic materials science.The liquid is not homogeneous and the local structures inside change discontinuously with temperature,pressure,etc.The liquid will experience liquid−liquid structure transition under a certain condition.Liquid−liquid structure transition widely exists in many metals and alloys and plays an important role in the final microstructure and the properties of the solid alloys.This work provides a comprehensive review on this unique structure transition in the metallic liquid together with the recent progress of its impact on the following microstructure and properties after solidification.These effects are discussed by integrating them into different experimental results and theoretical considerations.The application of liquid−liquid structure transition as a strategy to tailor the properties of metals and alloys is proven to be practical and efficient.

Geographical, Historical, Political and Economical Structure of

The research of the Russian issue in academic level has a great importance. The Putin-term Russian economy is inadvance, and it reminds of the great economy of the old Soviet Union. For that reason, Putin was given the nicknameof the new Russian Tsar. Putin is well-liked by the Russian citizens; as a person he is liked by a vast majority of theRussian population. Putin is indepted his great personality both to the successes achived from the Chechen War andto the numerous successes he has achieved in the economic stabilization since he undertook the management of Rsia. It is true that today Russia has no enough political and economical power to maintain the bipolar world as Ria has an economy of smaller than the one-tenth of the US economy. Nonetheless, Russia is still the secondsuper power of the world as she has nuclear weapons and more than 20 satellites in the space. Russia, today, is aself-sufficient country in having the technology of launching her own satellites, and the very first inventors of therocket technology are Russians. Today, Turkey has a lot to learn from Russia. Putin has been able to attract foreigncapital. The removal of the bureaucratic obstacles affecting the foreigners can be an example to this. Today, Turkeychooses the way of selling of the lands to attract the foreign capital. I think the selling of the lands is not a sensiblepolicy to attract foreign capital, and if the Russian model is adopted more efficient results can be obtained.

Characterization of stereostructure by X-ray and technology of extracting in combination hydrolysis in situ of acankoreanogenin from leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W.Smith

To study the stereostructure by X-ray and the technology of extracting acankoreanogenin from the leaves of Acanthopanax graeilistylus W. W. Smith （AGS）, the crystal structure was measured with a Bruker APEX-Ⅱ area-detector diffractometer instrument and the technology of extracting in combination hydrolysis in situ （ECHS） was compared with these of traditional methods. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2b with unit cell parameters： a=（8.3652±0.0006） nm, b=（24.721±0.002） nm, and c=（14.5587±0.0011） nm, α=90°, β=97.850 （4） °, γ=90 °, V=2982.51 nm3, Dc= 1.179 mg/m3, and the molecular number （Z） of elementary structures was 2. The comparisons show that the extraction rate of acankoreanogenin with ECHS methods is much higher than that of traditional methods. Then, central composite design-response surface methodology （CCD-RSM） was adopted for optimizing the extraction rate of ECHS methods. The optimized values of extraction parameters are as follows： for the for extraction process of acid hydrolysis are that extraction time 110.8 min, solvent-herb ratio 11.5 and acid content 5.25%; the best extraction process of basic hydrolysis are that extract time 120 min, solvent-herb ratio 8.7 and the alkali content 8.79%. Finally, the extracts were purified with decolorizing carbon after alkali solution and acid-isolation and purity of acankoreanogenin was 98.7%.

Melody- Usul - Poetic Prosodic Meter Relations in Ottoman-Turkish Music

Language, literature, customs and traditions, music and art are cultural items that were transmitted from generation to generation throughout history. In this context, literature is an important source of music culture that takes inspiration from the customs and traditions of a society. Prosodic meter is echoed in form, usul and general structure in works composed from the divan literature and almost lives in the work. In the same way, when examples of folk literature composed by composers and performed by poets and a^lks are examined, it is observed that there are parallels between literary features and form, structure and rhythmic features. The aim of this paper is to reveal the integral link between Melody-Usul and Meter in Ottoman Turkish Music

Build a people- oriented social security system--Based on the concept of real man

The concept of ＂real man＂ is the historical origin and the logical starting point in The Marx＇s Materialist Conception of History, and is also our basic starting point in the social science research. Although our country＇s social security system has made great development and progress, but it still does not adapts the level of economy development, especially compared with the requirements of the people. Based on the principle of Marx＇s ＂real man＂ theory and combine the ＂real man＂ with the ＂people oriented＂, this article discussed the basic framework of the present social security system and its shortcomings in China. Then I try to put forward suggestions from breaking the urban-rural dual structure, gradually establishing urban and rural areas as a whole one of social security system, actively expanding the social security fund financing channels, establishing a nationwide unified social security of personal accounts, strive to establish a ＂people oriented＂ social security system.

Influence of Repeated Variable Load on Long-Term Behavior of Concrete Elements

The objective of this paper is to study the influence of repeated variable action on long-term behavior of concrete structural elements using quasi-permanent combination of actions, for the assessment of long-term effects （e.g., effects due to creep and shrinkage in concrete structures）, as it is proposed in Eurocodes. Extensive experimental program and analytical research using model B3 and AAEM （age adjusted effective modulus） method was performed in order to define quasi-permanent factor ψ2, for two specific loading histories. These loading histories were consist of long-term permanent action ＂G＂ and repeated variable action ＂Q＂. The variable load was applied in cycles of loading/unloading for 24 h and 48 h in period of 400 days appropriately for one series of concrete elements. 24 reinforced concrete beams, dimensions 150 mm × 280 mm × 3,000 mm, were tested. Twelve beams were made of concrete class C30/37 and 12 of concrete class C60/75.

On Employment of FRP Elements in Constructions： The Case of an All GFRP Covering for Historic Structure Stroked by Earthquake

The paper shows the approach toward the calculation of one of the bigger PFRP （Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer） structure realized in high seismic zone, i.e., a covering structure of an historic church stroked and partially collapsed by earthquake in L＇Aquila （Italy）, the 4 April 2009. The goal regards the analysis and evaluation of seismic performance of that structure made by very light and elastic-brittle material, as FRP material, in a moment in which there is a loss of technical recommendation for specific calculation in seismic field, indeed actually some deepening already present in literature allows only static field. The covering structure is an all FRP spatial-reticular with elements made by pultrusion process, connection plates by bag molding process and steel bolts. The PFRP structure covers more than 1000 meters squares surface with 32 meters height and only 100 kN weight. Detail performance of first part of PFRP structure through mode vibrations and involved percentage mass deduced by numerical approach with discussion of employment＇s perspectives of PFRP material in seismic zones than traditional material are showed.

Technological Evolution of Historic Structural Mortars

Mortars are among the first building materials used in constructions, even from prehistoric times （8th millennium BC）. Their study reveals a great source of information regarding the evolution of their technological characteristics and application techniques, the availability and exploitation of raw materials, as well the wider socio-economic aspects of each era. The aim of this paper is to comparatively evaluate the analysis results from approximately 1,000 structural mortar samples taken from various monuments and historic buildings of Greece, dated from the Hellenistic period, until the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis focused in the determination of their physico-mechanical and chemical properties, such as porosity, apparent specific gravity, mechanical strength, aggregates type and granulometry and chemical composition. Through the results＇ evaluation, significant remarks can be made upon the evolution of the raw materials used （binding system, aggregates, additives）, as well as regarding the final properties of historic structural mortars. It is concluded that hydrated lime was the main binding agent used for a long-lasting period of 2.5 millenniums, while mixed type binding systems based on lime and natural pozzolan were systematically used for producing durable mortars, resistant to humidity. In any case, it seems that ancient masons were fully aware of the significant role of mortars in constructions and were capable of exploiting the available raw materials and application techniques to the maximum.

A Historical Overview of China's Upgrading of Its Industrial Structure

This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and modern society.As far as recent and modern society is concerned,this paper divides the upgrade into two basic aspects:the shifting dominant position of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and that of laborintensive,capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries.Moreover,this paper has examined the history of upgrade of industrial structure in China since 1949 and identified that the upgrade of China's industrial structure demonstrates not only the characteristics of middle and late stages of industrialization but characteristics of modernization as well.According to the general pattern of upgrade of industrial structure in recent and modern society and China's reality,great efforts must be made to improve China's indigenous innovation capacity,expedite agriculture modernization,increase competitiveness and qualitative development of manufacturing sector,and vigorously promote service sector(especially producers services),environmental protection industry,culture industry and maritime industry.

Sources of Otto Jespersen＇s Sound Symbolism From Various Disciplines： A Case of Linguistic Historiography

Despite its role in literature, especially in poetics, sound symbolism does not traditionally enjoy a high esteem in linguistics. Ever since the scientific study of language was revolutionized by the Swiss structuralist pioneer Ferdinand de Saussure, sound symbolism tended to be restricted to some peripheral linguistic phenomena. The present essay is an interpretation of first-hand texts. It explores the development of the linguistic idea of sound symbolism scattered in the both linguistic and non-linguistic texts published in German, French, English and other languages. These texts are found to suggest that Saussure was not the only scholar interested in this sound-sense relationship in his age, nor was his idea of arbitrariness the final word on it. The author concludes that a study on the history of sound symbolism has to be accomplished with a trans-disciplinary perspective and the support of multi-lingual texts.

Examination of Historical Data of the 1125 Lanzhou M 7.0 Earthquake and Analysis of Seismogenic Structure

Detailed examination of historical data of earthquakes and field investigations of loess landslide caused by the earthquake and tracing of active faults in Lanzhou area indicate that the Yijitanpu town, one of six towns of Jincheng city, was devastated by the 1125 Lanzhou earthquake. The citly is now located in the Vinylon Factory south of Hekou (River Mouth) in the Xigu district of Lanzhou city. We delermined that the six old towns mentioned in historical records lie in an area stretching from the south of Xigu district to Hekou in Lanzhou. This is consistent with the distribution of loess landslides caused by the earthquake, the extension of Holocene active faults, and the distribution of traces of the seismic rupture zone. A comprehensive analysis shows that the seismogenic structure for the 1125 Lanzhou M 7.0 earthquake should be the Xianshuigou fault segment at the western termination of the north-border active fault zone of the Maxianshan Mountains which are located in south of Lanzhou city with the distance of only 4 km.

A half-century of radioisotope neutron sources in China

Near 50 years history of the development of radioisotope neutron sources in China is briefly reviewed.The structure design,preparing technology and production status of routine neutron sources including 210Po-Be sources,210Po mock fission sources,241Am-Be sources,238Pu-Be sources,252Cf spontaneous fission sources and other special-shape neutron sources are summarized.In addition,the prospects of development on radioisotope neutron source in China are predicted from the needs of nuclear power construction,oil well-logging,neutron moisture gauge and neutron brachytherapy.

Reconstructing Zagwe Civilization

The Zagwe period is believed to be the richest and most artistic period of Ethiopian civilization since the conversion of Ezana though its achievements have been virtually consigned to obscurity. One of the ideological weapons which aggravated this obscurity is arguably the deep-rooted allegiance of the Kebra Nagest to the Solomonic dynasty. Contemporary researchers on Kebra Nagest seem to have underestimated the ideological onslaught of the Kebra Nagest on the Zagwe period that their contributions to the medieval Ethiopian civilization have been virtually shrouded in mystery. Thus, expatriate and compatriot authorities on the medieval Ethiopian cultural history are called upon to revisit the impacts oftbe Kob~ NSg^gt on the Zagwe period from the other end of the telescope, thereby, to reconstruct the unsung achievements of Ag^w civilization.