构性理论:对设计的建构

对设计科学的讨论首先应当探究设计的本质。本文以构性理论为基础探索设计,认为构性理论的提出是由于事物本身存在的方式,提出了构性理论的基本概念,并基于此对设计中的相关概念进行了重新定义;探究了设计本质,建立了设计驱动-设计蕴含-设计匹配的设计过程模型(AIM模型),即通过设计驱动获得需求、问题、目的3种形式的构性关系来源,通过设计蕴含得到构性关系模式,通过设计匹配得到具体的构性关系,再通过子AIM模型进一步完善。最后通过空轨列车逃生问题设计事例验证了构性理论的有效性,从而奠定了构性理论的思想和概念基础,建立了设计过程模型,为设计本质和设计科学的探究提供了新的观点和思路。

儿童文化的生成与演进——以阐释性再构理论为视角

儿童文化是儿童群体建构的文化,是儿童群体特定的生活方式,普遍存在于儿童的交往、游戏与生活之中。儿童文化来自儿童的日常生活实践,必须回归到全人类的文化土壤之中。文章从阐释性再构理论的视角解读儿童文化,分别从儿童文化创造的积极行动者、儿童视角下的同辈文化、儿童文化的象征性内涵和物质性内涵四个方面展开论述,由此为人们认识儿童、了解儿童文化提出启示意义:儿童生来具有文化能力,儿童文化不是向成人文化的简单过渡,成人应在平等对话中尊重并支持儿童文化。

Nestedness of bird assemblages in the karst forest fragments of southwestern Guangxi, China

The limestone region in southwestern Guangxi contains the most typical karst landforms in the world. Due to their destruction, the original forests mainly survive in nature reserves in the form of fragmented areas. From June 2009 to September 2010 we conducted an investigation of 13 relatively isolated habitats or sites, selected from each of the 13 nature reserves in southwestern Guangxi, with the least amount of anthropological activity and the largest presence of the original vegetation, in order to study the distribution of birds on forest fragments. The distribution patterns of the birds and the factors which affect them were analyzed by using the 'BINMATNEST' software and the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, to determine: 1) whether nested patterns of birds in the karst area of southwestern Guangxi exist or not and 2) which factors are correlated with the nested patterns and the effect of these factors on forming nested patterns. The results show that the birds had statistically significant nested patterns in the karst area and the specificity of the habitat of the birds had a significant effect on the nested patterns. We suggest possible reasons for these results, based on the characteristics of the seasonal tropical rain forests in the study area and on neutral theory. We also urgently recommend that close attention be paid to the protection of the diversity of the environment for birds in all fragmented habitats.

Application of PCA and HCA to the Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Fluoroquinolones

Density functional theory （DFT） was used to calculate molecular descriptors （properties） for 12 fluoro-quinolone with anti-S.pneumoniae activity. Principal component analysis （PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis （HCA） were employed to reduce dimensionality and investigate in which variables should be more effective for classifying fluoroquinolones according to their degree of an-S.pneumoniae activity. The PCA results showed that the variables ELUMO, Q3, Q5, QA, logP, MR, VOL and △EHL of these compounds were responsible for the anti-S.pneumoniae activity. The HCA results were similar to those obtained with PCA.The methodologies of PCA and HCA provide a reliable rule for classifying new fluoroquinolones with antiS.pneumoniae activity. By using the chemometric results, 6 synthetic compounds were analyzed through the PCA and HCA and two of them are proposed as active molecules with anti-S.pneumoniae, which is consistent with the results of clinic experiments.

“虚拟技术”"在“三个世界”中的位置

本文总结和分析了几种对虚拟技术的主要定义,认为:卡尔·波普尔的"三个世界"理论,可以用来认识和把握技术的涵义,虚拟技术作为一种特殊的技术存在形态,其本身不是虚拟的,它是以网络技术、多媒体技术等具有物理实体的信息技术为物质基础,建构虚拟场域的技术中介手段。我们应该从多角度、全面地认识虚拟技术的哲学意蕴。

Effect of Pressure on Electronic Structures and Optical Properties of Rocksalt InN

The electronic structures and optical properties of rocksalt indium nitride （INN） under pressure were studied using the first-principles calculation by considering the exchange and correlation potentials with the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated lattice constant shows good agreement with the experimental value. It is interestingly found that the band gap energy Eg at the F or X point remarkably increases with increasing pressure, but Eg at the L point does not increase obviously. The pressure coefficient of Eg is calculated to be 44 meV/GPa at the F point. Moreover, the optical properties of rocksalt InN were calculated and discussed based on the calculated band structures and electronic density of states.

DFT Study on Molecular Structures and ROS Scavenging Mechanisms of Novel Antioxidants from Lespedeza Virgata

The molecular structure and radical scavenging activity of three novel antioxidants from Lespedeza Virgata, lespedezavirgatol, lespedezavirgatal, and lespedezacoumestan, have been studied using density functional theory with the B3LYP and BhandHLYP methods. The optimized geometries of neutral, radical cation, radical and anion forms were obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G（d） level, in which it was found that all the most stable conformations contain intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The same results were obtained from the MP2 method. The homolytic O-H bond dissociation enthalpy and the adiabatic ionization potential of neutral and anion forms for the three new antioxidants and adiabatic electron affinity and H-atom affinity for hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydrogen peroxide radical were determined both in gas phase and in aqueous solution using IEF-PCM and CPCM model with UAHF or Bondi cavity. The antioxidant activities and reactive oxygen species scavenging mechanisms were then discussed, and the results obtained from different methods are consistent. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities are consistent with the experimental findings of the compounds under investigation.

Reliability analysis on bolt support structure of coal roadway under the influence of mining

Based on the features of the serious deformation of coal roadway,many random variables of the mechanics of the surrounding rocks and the influence of mining, the reliability analysis model of the support structure of coal roadway under the influence of mining is established,and the calculating formulas of reliability of the support structure is obtained with the engineering structure reliability theory. And the reliability is calculated based on the method of Monte Carlo to the coal roadway which is exampled on the influence of mining or not. The relationship between support parameters and reliability, the mining influence coefficients and reliability is established, which provides theory foundations for the design of the coal roadway bolt support.

A Resistant Quantum Key Exchange Protocol and Its Corresponding Encryption Scheme

The emergence of quantum computer will threaten the security of existing public-key cryptosystems, including the Diffie Hellman key exchange protocol, encryption scheme and etc, and it makes the study of resistant quantum cryptography very urgent. This motivate us to design a new key exchange protocol and eneryption scheme in this paper. Firstly, some acknowledged mathematical problems was introduced, such as ergodic matrix problem and tensor decomposition problem, the two problems have been proved to NPC hard. From the computational complexity prospective, NPC problems have been considered that there is no polynomial-time quantum algorithm to solve them. From the algebraic structures prospective, non-commutative cryptography has been considered to resist quantum. The matrix and tensor operator we adopted also satisfied with this non-commutative algebraic structures, so they can be used as candidate problems for resisting quantum from perspective of computational complexity theory and algebraic structures. Secondly, a new problem was constructed based on the introduced problems in this paper, then a key exchange protocol and a public key encryption scheme were proposed based on it. Finally the security analysis, efficiency, recommended parameters, performance evaluation and etc. were also been given. The two schemes has the following characteristics, provable security,security bits can be scalable, to achieve high efficiency, quantum resistance, and etc.

Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Cr-Doped AlN

To understand the electronic and magnetic properties, we have studied Cr-doped zinc-blende AlN system in detail by applying a first-principle plane wave pseudopotential method based on the density functional theory within the local spin density approximation. The analyses of the band structures, density of states, exchange interactions, and magnetic moments show that Al1-xCrxN alloys may exhibit a half-metallic ferromagnetism character, that Cr in the diluted doping limit forms near-midgap deep levels, and that the total magnetization of the cell is 3μB per Cr atom, which does not change with Cr concentration. Moreover, we have succeeded in predicting that Al1-xCrzN alloys in x = 0.0625 has a very high Curie temperature, and lind that ferromagnetic exchange interaction between magnetic dopants is short-ranged.

Initial Pre-stress Finding and Structural Behaviors Analysis of Cable Net Based on Linear Adjustment Theory

The tensile cable-strut structure is a self-equilibrate pre-stressed system.The initial pre-stress cal- culation is the fundamental structural analysis.A new numerical procedure was developed.The force density method is the cornerstone of analytical formula,and then introduced into linear adjustment theory;the least square least norm solution,the optimized initial pre-stress,is yielded.The initial pre-stress and structural performances of a particular single-layer saddle-shaped cable-net structure were analyzed with the developed method,which is proved to be efficient and correct.The modal analyses were performed with respect to various pre-stress levels.Finally,the structural performances were investigated comprehensively.

Topological Properties of Complex Networks with Different Types of Nodes

Nodes play different roles or have different functions in many natural and social networks.In this paper,a simple model with different types of nodes and deterministic selective linking rule is proposed.The structural properties by theoretical predictions are investigated that the given model exhibits a power-law distribution.

Electronic and optical properties of anion-doped c-ZrO_2 from first-principles calculations

Using the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory(DFT),the structure stability,electronic and some optical properties of C and N doped cubic ZrO2(c-ZrO2) in 24-atom systems were investigated.It is found from the formation energies calculations that N ions are easier to be doped into c-ZrO2 than C ions.The electronic structure results show that Zr8O15C and Zr8O15N systems are semiconductors with the band gap of 2.3 eV and 2.8 eV,respectively,which are lower than that of the pure ZrO2(3.349 eV).And optical properties results depict that anion doping,especially C adding,can enhance the static dielectric function,visible and ultraviolet light absorption and reflecting ability of c-ZrO2 crystal.

Consensus tracking protocol and formation control of multi-agent systems with switching topology

Consensus tracking control problems for single-integrator dynamics of multi-agent systems with switching topology are investigated. In order to design effective consensus tracking protocols for a more general class of networks, which are aimed at ensuring that the concerned states of agents converge to a constant or time-varying reference state, new consensus tracking protocols with a constant and time-varying reference state are proposed, respectively. Particularly, by contrast with spanning tree, an improved condition of switching interaction topology is presented. And then, convergence analysis of two consensus tracking protocols is provided by Lyapunov stability theory. Moreover, consensus tracking protocol with a time-varying reference state is extended to achieve the fbrmation control. By introducing formation structure set, each agent can gain its individual desired trajectory. Finally, several simulations are worked out to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results. The test results show that the states of agents can converge to a desired constant or time-varying reference state. In addition, by selecting appropriate structure set, agents can maintain the expected formation under random switching interaction topologies.

Compacton, Peakon, and Foldon Structures in the （2＋1）-DimensionalNizhnik-Novikov-Veselov Equation

By the use of the extended homogenous balance method,the B(?)cklund transformation for a (2+1)- dimensional integrable model,the(2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov (NNV) equation,is obtained,and then the NNV equation is transformed into three equations of linear,bilinear,and tri-linear forms,respectively.From the above three equations,a rather general variable separation solution of the model is obtained.Three novel class localized structures of the model are founded by the entrance of two variable-separated arbitrary functions.

Dynamic capabilities-based strategy innovation： a theoretical framework and empirical studies in Chinese firms

Based on investigations of 112 Chinese firms and studies on foreign leading corporations, a theoretical framework of dynamic capabilities based strategy innovation (SI) is put forward. Several large firms in China winning through SI were studied empirically. This paper complements previous publications on the theories of innovation and strategy. This work's findings will be useful for managers interested in our approach, which highlights the importance of SI and focuses on and points out the major pitfalls in the innovation processes. Implementing the dynamic capabilities based strategy innovation can effectively cultivate and develop core competences of corporations. It is concluded that implementing SI is the only path for Chinese enterprise growth in the intensified competition in the knowledge economy.

First-Principles Study on Electronic Structure and Half-Metallic Properties of CoNCN and NiNCN

We studied the electronic structure of the two new transition-metal carbodiimides CoNCN and NiNCN using first-principles method, which is based on density-functional theory （DFT）. The density of states （DOS）, the total energy of the cell and the spin magnetic moment of CoNCN and NiNCN were calculated. The calculations reveal that the compound CoNCN and NiNCN have hall-metallic properties in ferromagnetic ground state, and the spin magnetic moment per molecule is about 7.000 μB and 6.000 μB for CoNCN and NiNCN, respectively.

First Principles Study of AI-Li Intermetallic Compounds

The structural properties, heats of formation, elastic properties, and electronic structures of four compositions of binary A1-Li intermetallics, A13Li, A1Li, A12Li3, and A14Li9, are ana- lyzed in detail by using density functional theory. The calculated formation heats indicate a strong chemical interaction between A1 and Li for all the A1-Li intermetallics. In partic- ular, in the Li-rich A1-Li compounds, the thermodynamic stability of intermetallics linearly decreases with increasing concentration of.Li. According to the computational single crystal elastic constants, all the four A1-Li intermetallic compounds considered here are mechani- cally stable. The polycrystalline elastic modulus and Poisson＇s ratio have been deduced by using Voigt, Reuss, and Hill approximations, and the calculated ratios of bulk modulus to shear modulus indicate that the four compositions of binary A1-Li intermetallics are brittle materials. With the increase of Li concentration, the bulk modulus of A1-Li intermetallics decreases in a linear manner.

Theory and application of rock burst prevention using deep hole high pressure hydraulic fracturing

In order to analyze the mechanism of deep hole high pressure hydraulic fracturing, nonlinear dynamic theory, damage mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics are used, and the law of crack propagation and stress transfer under two deep hole hydraulic fracturing in tectonic stress areas is studied using seepage-stress coupling models with RFPA simulation software. In addition, the effects of rock burst control are tested using multiple methods, either in the stress field or in the energy field. The research findings show that with two deep holes hydraulic fracturing in tectonic stress areas, the direction of the main crack propagation under shear-tensile stress is parallel to the greatest principal stress direction. High-pressure hydraulic fracturing water seepage can result in the destruction of the coal structure, while also weakening the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock. Therefore the impact of high stress concentration in hazardous areas will level off, which has an effect on rock burst prevention and control in the region.

Consensus and formation control of discrete-time multi-agent systems

Consensus problems for discrete-time multi-agent systems were focused on. In order to design effective consensus protocols, which were aimed at ensuring that the concerned states of agents converged to a common value, a new consensus protocol for general discrete-time multi-agent system was proposed based on Lyapunov stability theory. For discrete-time multi-agent systems with desired trajectory, trajectory tracking and formation control problems were studied. The main idea of trajectory tracking problems was to design trajectory controller such that each agent tracked desired trajectory. For a type of formation problem with fixed formation structure, the formation structure set was introduced. According to the formation structure set, each agent can track its individual desired trajectory. Finally, simulations were provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. The mlmerical results show that the states of agents converge to zero with consensus protocol, which is said to achieve a consensus asymptotically. In addition, through designing appropriate trajectory controllers, the simulation results show that agents converge to the desired trajectory asymptotically and can form different formations.