国外钢管产品结构分析(下)

介绍了日本、美国、韩国、前苏联等国家不同时期各种钢管产品结构的发展情况及构成比。分析了影响钢管比、焊管比、特殊钢钢管比、冷加工管比和覆层管比的主要因素。指出了今后的发展趋势。

A Convenient Synthesis of Trans and Cis-3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene

Aim To synthesize trans and cis-3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene by a new convenient route. Methods The reaction of 3, 5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde （3） and 4-methoxy phenylacetonitrile （4） formed the stilbene skeleton. After hydrolyzation, decarboxylation, and demethylation, we obtained trans-3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene （resveratrol）, which can be converted to its cis-isomer by photochemical isomerization. Results Starting from 3 and 4, trans and cis-3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene were synthesized, respectively. Conclusion A facile method for the synthesis of trans and cis-hydroxystilbenes from readily available materials was established.

Chemical Constituents from Roots of Semiaquilegia adoxoides

Semiaquilegia adoxoides ( DC. ) Makino ( Chinese name ''Tian-Kui-Zi'' ) , theonly species of genus Semiaquilegia, belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. As a perennial herbaceousplant, both the aerial parts and the roots are used in traditional Chinese medicine for differentmedications. The roots are often used to treat inflammation, snake bite, bruises and injuries,tonsillitis, mastitis, scrofula, and cancer for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, andantineoplastic activities. The aerial parts are used for the treatment of mastitis, bruises, andheart diseases, such as endomyocarditis. The medicinal usage of this plant prompted us toinvestigate its chemical constituents. As a result, nine compounds 1-9 ( see Figure 1) were isolatedfrom the roots of S. adoxoides. Among them, compounds 1-7 and 9 were isolated from the genusSemiaquilegia for the first time.

Geochemistry of intrusive rock in Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field, Guangxi, China: Implications for petrogenesis and geodynamics

The major element, trace element and rare earth element（REE） of the intrusion rock from the Dachang ore field in Guangxi, China, were analyzed. The results show that the phenocryst（about 15%） and matrix（about 85%） mainly consist of quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclase. The rock is composed of low content of Si and high content of Al2O3, low contents of Ca, Fe2O3, Na, TiO2, etc. The intrusion rock has the medium alkali content, attributing to K-rich type rock; and contains medium to low REE contents, of which light rare earth elements（LREEs） and heavy rare earth elements（HREEs） are highly fractionated, showing a weak negative Ce anomaly and a negative Eu anomaly. These rocks are enriched in LREE, and the large ion lithophytes elements（LILE） are rich in Rb, Sr, and U; the high-field-strength elements（Nb, Th, etc） are relatively depleted. The REE chondrite-normalized patterns are consistent with the overall, roughly indicating their similar characteristics, sources and evolution. The intrusion rock mainly formed during the collisional and within-plate periods.

法国创新历史对我国创新型国家创建的启示

法国是一个具有创新传统的国度,目前是世界第五经济和科技大国。本文对法国200多年来在科技创新方面取得的成就和经验教训作了系统的分析。法国经历过两个创新辉煌时代,使其在核能、航空、航天、高速铁路和农业等方面今天仍是处于世界领先地位;不过法国在以信息技术为核心的第四次科技革命浪潮中丧失了机会,2004年初法国爆发的全国范围的科技人员抗议浪潮暴露了科研体制上存在的问题;目前政府正在努力采取措施,冀望解决创新中存在的问题,进一步加强法国企业竞争力、重新推动法国经济增长。今天,增强自主创新能力,建设创新型国家是中国立足国情、面向未来的重大选择。我们从法国200多年丰富的创新史看到,没有哪个国家能不依靠自主创新而立于不败之地的,即使她已经拥有了雄厚的科技和经济基础。法国的科技和经济管理体制在很多方面与我国类似,其成功经验和失败教训对我们都具有现实的指导意义。

Microstructure of TA2/TA15 graded structural material by laser additive manufacturing process

TA2/TA15 graded structural material（GSM） was fabricated by the laser additive manufacturing（LAM） process. The chemical composition, microstructure and micro-hardness of the as-deposited GSM were investigated. The results show that the TA2 part of exhibiting near-equiaxed grains was Widmanst？tten α-laths microstructure. The TA15 part containing large columnar grains was fine basket-weave microstructure. The graded zone was divided into four deposited layers with 3000 μm in thickness. As the distance from the TA2 part increases, the alloy element contents and the β phase volume fraction increase, the α phase volume fraction decreases and the microstructure shows the evolution from Widmanst？tten α-laths to basket-weave α-laths gradually. The micro-hardness increases from the TA2 part to the TA15 part due to the solid solution strengthening and grain boundary strengthening.

A Novel CMOSDual-Modulus Prescaler Based on New Optimized Structure and Dynamic Circuit Technique

s:A divide- by- 12 8/ 12 9or6 4/ 6 5 dual- modulus prescaler based on new optimized structure and dynam ic circuit technique im plem ented in 0 .2 5 μm CMOS digital technology is described.New optimized structure reduces the propagation delay and has higher operating speed.Based on this structure,an im proved D- flip- flop(DFF) using dynam ic circuit technique is proposed.A prototype is fabricated and the measured results show that this prescaler works well in gigahertz frequency range and consumes only35 m W(including three power- hungry output buffers) when the input frequency is2 .5 GHz and the power supply voltage is2 .5 V.Due to its excellent perform ance,the prescaler could be applied to many RF system s.

“生长”的建筑——传统墙面绿化技术在多层建筑应用中的探索

近年来,为应对社会发展与生态环境间日益激化的冲突,促进建筑在改善建成环境质量方面发挥积极作用,国内外的墙面绿化技术都得到了长足发展。结合我国社会经济发展现状与管理水平,对比新型与传统墙面绿化技术的优劣,肯定了传统墙面绿化技术应用的现实意义,并研究建立"基本绿化单元+构成化组合模式"的设计方法,探寻传统墙面绿化技术在多层建筑中的普遍适用性。

Surface treatment effect on the photocatalytic hydrogen generation of CdS/ZnS core-shell microstructures

CdS/ZnS core-shell microparticles were prepared by a simple two-step method combining ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and chemical bath deposition.The core-shell structures showed enhanced photocatalytic properties compared with those of CdS or ZnS spherical particles.CdS/ZnS photocatalysts with different amount of ZnS loaded as shells were prepared by adjusting the concentrations of Zn and S precursors during synthesis.The optical properties and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production were investigated and the amount of ZnS loaded as shell was optimized.Thermal annealing and hydrothermal sulfurization treatments were applied to the core-shell structure and both treatments enhanced the material＇s photocatalytic activity and stability by eliminating crystalline defects and surface states.The result showed that thermal annealing treatment improved the bulk crystallinity and hydrothermal sulfurization improved the surface properties.The sample subjected to both treatments showed the highest photocatalytic activity.These results indicate that CdS/ZnS core-shell microspheres are a simple structure that can be used as efficient photocatalysts.The hydrothermal sulfurization treatment may also be a useful surface treatment for metal sulfide photocatalysts.The simple two-step method provides a promising approach to the large-scale synthesis of core-shell microsphere catalysts.

Iron(Ⅲ) phthalocyanine chloride-catalyzed oxidation–aromatization of α,β-unsaturated ketones with hydrazine hydrate: Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1H-pyrazoles

We have developed an iron（III） phthalocyanine chloride‐catalyzed oxidation–aromatization ofα,β‐unsaturated ketones with hydrazine hydrate. Various 3,5‐disubstituted 1H‐pyrazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields. This method offers several advantages, including room‐tem‐perature conditions, short reaction time, high yields, simple work‐up procedure, and use of air as an oxidant. The catalyst can be recovered and reused five times without loss of activity.

Mesh-Like Bi2MoO6 with Enhanced and Stable Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

Mesh-like Bi2MoO6 product was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method without using any surfactant or template. The pH value played an important role in the formation of this morphology. The as-prepared mesh-like Bi2MoO6 sample exhibited excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic e ciency. The photocatalytic activity of the mesh-like Bi2MoO6 sample was much higher than that of bulk Bi2MoO6 sample prepared by solid-state reac-tion. Di erence in the photocatalytic activities of the mesh-like Bi2MoO6 sample and bulk Bi2MoO6 sample was further investigated.

Ternary compounds and solid-state phase equilibria in Mg-rich side of Mg-Zn-Ca system at 300 ℃

The phase equilibria and compositions in Mg-rich side at 300 ℃ were investigated in Mg-Zn-Ca ternary system through the equilibrated alloy method by using scanning electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis,X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that two ternary compounds T1 and T2 can be in equilibrium with the Mg-based solid solution in Mg-Zn-Ca system.T1 phase is a linear compound with the composition region（molar fraction） of 15% Ca,20.5%-48.9% Zn and balanced Mg at 300 ℃.Its hexagonal structure parameters decrease with increasing Zn content,i.e.a=0.992-0.945 nm,c=1.034-1.003 nm.T2 phase has hexagonal structure with the composition region of 26.4%-28.4% Mg,63.2%-65.5% Zn and 7.1%-8.4% Ca.At 300 ℃,the solubility of Zn in the Mg-based solid solution increases for the addition of Ca,the maximum solubility of Zn is 3.7%.Three-phase fields consisting of--Mg＋Mg2Ca＋T1,--Mg＋T1＋T2,--Mg＋T2＋MgZn and MgZn＋T2＋Mg2Zn3 exist in the Mg-Zn-Ca system at 300 ℃.

The framework and cultivating modes of intercultural communication competence for business English majors in vocational colleges： Based on the study of vocational colleges in Guangxi

The teaching objective of vocational business English is not only to improve students＇ English language competence, but also to develop their intercultural communication competence. Based on an analysis of the outcome of a survey on cultivation of English majors＇ intercultural competence among vocational colleges in Guangxi, the paper aims at exploring the framework and cultivating modes of intercultural communication competence for business English majors in vocational colleges.

Investigation on Chemical Components of Higher Fungus Phellinus rhabarbarinus(Berk.) G. Cunn.

Five compounds including 2 benzene derivatives, 2 terpenoids and 1 sterol were separated by various separation methods such as positive silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and Rp-18 gel from higher fungi Phellinus rhabarbarinus （Berk.） G. Cunn. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectroscopy and other methods. All the compounds were separated from this higher fungus for the first time.

Synthesis of a New Series of Chalcone Derivatives and Their Antifungal Activities

To study the antifungal effect of chalcone derivatives. Methods Sixteenchalcone derivatives were synthesized and confirmed by ~1H NMR and IR spectra, and tested forantifungal activity against four common pathogenic fungi. Their structure-activity relationship isdiscussed. Results Among 16 title compounds, there were 5 new compounds, which have not beenreported before. The preliminary antifungal test showed that all title compounds exhibitedantifungal activities to a certain extent. The activity of compound 8 against Trichophyton rubrumhad a potency equal to that of fluconazole, with a MIC of 4 μg·mL^(-1) . Conclusion Sixteenchalcones were prepared and their antifungal activities against four common pathogenic fungi invitro were examined. Some of them exhibited antifungal activities to a certain extent.

Archaeal and bacterial communities in acid mine drainage from metal-rich abandoned tailing ponds, Tongling, China

To expand knowledge on microbial communities of various metal-rich levels of mine drainage environments in Anhui province, China, the archaeal and bacterial diversities were examined using a PCR-based cloning approach. Eight acid mine water samples were collected from five areas in Tongling. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that bacteria mainly fell into ten divisions, which were Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Nitrospira, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi. Archaea fell into three phylogenetic divisions, Thermoplasma, Ferroplasma and Thermogymnomonas. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean（UPGMA） cluster analysis based on the microbial communities’ compositions revealed that five samples shared similarity with the dominance of Meiothermus and Thermomonas. Two samples had the preponderant existence of Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum. The remaining sample owned higher microbial communities’ diversity with the Shannon-Weaver H up to 2.91. Canonical correlation analysis（CCA） suggested that microbial community structures had great association with p H and the concentration of Hg2＋, Pb2＋, Fe3＋, Cl-, SO2- 4in water.

Damage constitutive model for strain-softening rock based on normal distribution and its parameter determination

Firstly, using the damage model for rock based on Lemaitre hypothesis about strain equivalence, a new technique for measuring strength of rock micro-cells by adopting the Mohr-Coulomb criterion was developed, and a statistical damage evolution equation was established based on the property that strength of micro-cells is consistent with normal distribution function, through discussing the characteristics of random distributions for strength of micro-cells, then a statistical damage constitutive model that can simulate the full process of rock strain softening under specific confining pressure was set up. Secondly, a new method to determine the model parameters which can be applied to the situations under different confining pressures was proposed, by deeply studying the relations between the model parameters and characteristic parameters of the full stress-strain curve under different confining pressures. Therefore, a unified statistical damage constitutive model for rock softening which can reflect the effect of different confining pressures was set up. This model makes the physical property of model parameters explicit, contains only conventional mechanical parameters, and leads its application more convenient. Finally, the rationality of this model and its parameters-determining method were identified via comparative analyses between theoretical and experimental curves.

Tuning of the textural features and acidic properties of sulfated mesoporous lanthana-zirconia solid acid catalysts for alkenylation of diverse aromatics to their corresponding α-arylstyrenes

The textural features and acidic properties of sulfated mesoporous lanthana‐zirconia solid acids （SO42？/meso‐La0.1Zr0.9Oδ） were efficiently tuned by modifying the conditions used to prepare the meso‐La0.1Zr0.9Oδcomposites, such as the molar ratio of the template to La and Zr metal ions （Nt/m）, molar ratio of ammonia to La and Zr metal ions （Na/m）, hydrothermal temperature （Thydro）, and hy‐drothermal time （thydro）. The effect of the textural features and acidic properties on the catalytic performance of solid acid catalysts for alkenylation of p‐xylene with phenylacetylene was investi‐gated. Various characterization techniques such as N2 physisorption, X‐ray diffraction, NH3 temper‐ature‐programmed desorption, and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to reveal the rela‐tionship between the nature of catalyst and its catalytic performance. It was found that the catalytic performance significantly depended on the textural features and acidic properties, which were strongly affected by preparation conditions of the meso‐La0.1Zr0.9Oδcomposite. Appropriate acidic sites and high accessibility were required to obtain satisfactory catalytic reactions for this reaction. It was also found that the average crystallite size of t‐ZrO2 affected by the preparation conditions had significant influence on the ultrastrong acidic sites of the catalysts. The optimized SO42？/meso‐La0.1Zr0.9Oδcatalyst exhibited much superior catalytic activity and coke‐resistant stabil‐ity. Moreover, the developed SO42？/meso‐La0.1Zr0.9Oδcatalyst demonstrated excellent catalytic per‐formance for alkenylation of diverse aromatics with phenylacetylene to their correspondingα‐arylstyrenes. Combining the previously established complete regeneration of used catalysts by a facile calcination process with the improved catalytic properties, the developed SO42？/meso‐La0.1Zr0.9Oδ solid acid could be a potential catalyst for industrial production ofα‐arylstyrenes through clean and atom efficient solid‐acid‐mediated Friedel‐Crafts alkenylation of diverse aromatics with phenylacetylene.

Structure, synthesis, and catalytic properties of nanosize cerium-zirconium-based solid solutions in environmental catalysis

Nanosize cerium-zirconium solid solution(CZO)with a special fluorite structure has received an increasing research interest due to their remarkable advantages such as excellent oxygen storage capacity and great flexibility in their composition and structure.By partial metal(including rare earth,transition,alkaline earth or other metal)doping into CZO,the physicochemical properties of these catalytic materials can be controllable adjusted for the study of specific reactions.To date,nanosize CZO has been prepared by co-precipitation,sol-gel,surfactant-assisted approach,solution combustion,micro-emulsion,high energy mechanical milling,etc.The advent of these methodologies has prompted researchers to construct well-defined networks with customized micromorphology and functionalities.In this review,we describe not only the basic structure and synthetic strategies of CZO,but also their relevant applications in environmental catalysis,such as the purification for CO,nitrogen oxides(NOx),volatile organic compounds(VOC),soot,hydrocarbon(HC),CO2 and solid particulate matters(PM),and some reaction mechanisms are also summarized.

Influencing Factors for Formation of Urban and Rural Spatial Structure in Metropolis Fringe Area——Taking Shuangliu County of Chengdu in China as a Case

With rapid urbanization process, the pace of urban sprawl has been quickened and most metropolises have ex-perienced expansions in leaps and bounds in suburbanization, which has greatly changed the urban and rural spatial struc-ture of the metropolis fringe area. In this paper, Shuangliu County is taken as a case, since it is a typical fringe area of Chengdu Metropolis. Based on Landsat TM images of Chengdu City and Shuangliu County obtained in 1985, 2000 and 2004, characteristics of urban and rural spatial structure in Shuangliu County were analyzed, such as core-periphery spa-tial structure and some obvious integration trends. Then the influencing factors for the formation of urban and rural spatial structure were identified, including some natural, social, economic and political factors. According to the discussion of this paper, Shuangliu County is undergoing a key transition and reform period. Its formation of urban and rural spatial structure was affected not only by such common factors as the location, natural background, industrial transition, migra-tion, etc., but also by some unique factors such as city planning and policy guidance, which played an important role in accelerating its uneven spatial structure. The understanding of the role of the influencing factors would be useful for car-rying out spatial management and development planning of metropolis fringe area.