[Objective] The aim was to study on characteristics of retoon rice yield components, and relationship of the characteristics with born bud rate and root ac- tivity of retoon rice before harvesting. [Method] Eighteen m...[Objective] The aim was to study on characteristics of retoon rice yield components, and relationship of the characteristics with born bud rate and root ac- tivity of retoon rice before harvesting. [Method] Eighteen mid-season hybrid rice va- rieties approved recently were taken as materials in high-yield cultivation conditions. Characteristics of retoon rice yield components were analyzed, and relationship of yield components characteristics with the rate of bud emergence and root activity of retoon rice before harvesting was explored, based on related data. [Result] Highly- yielding retoon rice is characterized by high effective ear number (Xl) and high set- ting percentage (X4); the number of germinated shoots the 5^* d after first-batch rice was cut is a key factor for retoon rice yield and was of positive correlation with re- toon rice seedlings and effective ears, with correlation coefficients at 0.80^** and 0.76^**. In addition, bleeding sap was of positive correlation with grain number and setting percentage of retoon rice and correlation coefficients were 0.50^* and 0.48^**, and of positive correlation with average panicle weight, with correlation coefficient at 0.63. [Conclusion] It is an effective way for the rate of bud emergence and root activity at lar ecological zones. mproving retoon rice yield to increase harvesting in the test sites and simi lar ecological zones.展开更多
In some oilfields with 3D seismic data, the deeper structure cannot be observed due to poor quality deep seismic data. Layer stripping using both seismic and gravity data is a solution for this problem but it cannot g...In some oilfields with 3D seismic data, the deeper structure cannot be observed due to poor quality deep seismic data. Layer stripping using both seismic and gravity data is a solution for this problem but it cannot get satisfactory results because the horizontal variations in formation density are ignored. We present a variable-density formation separation technique to address this problem. Based on 3D seismic depth data and laterallyvariable density derived from 3D seismic velocity data, the upper formation gravity effect is calculated by forward modeling and removed from the Bouguer gravity. The formation-separated gravity anomaly with variable density is obtained, which mainly reflects the deeper geological structure. In block XX of North Africa, the shallow formations seismic data is excellent but the data at the top of basement is poor. The formation-separated gravity anomaly processed under the control of 3D seismic data fits well with the known seismic interpretation and wells. It makes the geological interpretation more reliable.展开更多
The microstructures and growth process characteristics precipitation-crystallization method were investigated by SEM, TEM of spherical Ni(OH)2 particles synthesized by the aqueous and XRD, and their growth mechanism...The microstructures and growth process characteristics precipitation-crystallization method were investigated by SEM, TEM of spherical Ni(OH)2 particles synthesized by the aqueous and XRD, and their growth mechanism was discussed. With the reaction beginning and continuing, amorphous Ni(OH)2 nano-crystallites grow up to spherical micron-particles with radially arranged crystallites. The nucleation, crystallization and re-crystallization led by Ostwald ripening simultaneously take place through the whole growth processes. With the course from reversible aggregation to irreversible agglomeration, the Ni(OH)2 particles tend to grow according to the template growth model: the growth on the crystallite templates stretching in the radius directions is free and quick, while the growth rate for crystallites in other directions is confined due to lower monomers concentration and tends to dissolve So it is only the radially arranged crystallites that predominate in the particle and lead to characteristic microstructures.展开更多
Understanding the relations and interactions between ecosystem components and plants is crucial for sustainable production of medicinal plants. To study the effect of simultaneous application of organic and biological...Understanding the relations and interactions between ecosystem components and plants is crucial for sustainable production of medicinal plants. To study the effect of simultaneous application of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash, split plot arrangement of factors based on randomized complete block design with three replications were used during 2009-2010 growing season. The mainplot factors were the type of organic fertilizers, including: (1) cow manure; (2) sheep manure; (3) chicken manure; (4) vermicompost; and (5) control. The subplot factors were the biofertilizes (Nitragin, containing Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) utilization. The results showed the positive but non-significant effect of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash. Amongst the organic fertilizers, cow and chicken manure, have superiority compared to others. The highest seed oil and protein percent was obtained with application of chicken manure, however there was no significant difference between treatments in seed oil percent. The positive effect of organic and biological fertilizers on seed yield was higher than fruit yield. At a glance, application of cow manure solely was better than its application with nitragin. Nitragin application has no significant effect on some traits when utilized with sheep manure and vermicompost.展开更多
Objective. To evaluate the effects of alendronate on the structural properties of trabecular bone.Methods. Alendronate was administered at a daily p. o. dose of 0. 5 mg/kg over a 12-week period in hound dogs (n = 8 fo...Objective. To evaluate the effects of alendronate on the structural properties of trabecular bone.Methods. Alendronate was administered at a daily p. o. dose of 0. 5 mg/kg over a 12-week period in hound dogs (n = 8 for both the control and treated group), and the structural indices of the lumbar vertebral (LI and L2) trabecular bone were assessed directly from 3-D images.Results. Treatment with alendronate increased bone volume fraction by 9. 5% and 7. 7% in L1 and L2 respectively. Trabecular thickness significantly increased after alendronate treatment, whereas trabecular separation remained constant. The degree of anisotropy for the alendronate - treated group was decreased compared with that of the control group. Bone surface to volume ratio declined significantly in the alendronate-reated group, whereas alendronate induced a higher bone surface density.Conclusion. Alendronate increased the structural properties of canine trabecular bone after short-term treatment at a dose of 0. 5 mg · kg-1·day-1.展开更多
A new class of nanocomposites based on organic and inorganic species integrated at a nanoscale has obtained more attention these years. Organic-inorganic hybrids have both the advantages of organic materials, such as ...A new class of nanocomposites based on organic and inorganic species integrated at a nanoscale has obtained more attention these years. Organic-inorganic hybrids have both the advantages of organic materials, such as light weight, flexibility and good moldability, and inorganic materials, such as high strength, heat stability and chemical resistance. In this work, PVAc/TiO2 organicinorganic hybrid was prepared by sol-gel process. Eiectrospinning technique was used to fabricate PVAc/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers. The structures and properties of the hybrid nanofibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectra. SEM and AFM were employed to study the topography of the hybrid nanofibers. The chemical structure of the hybrid nanofibers were examined by FTIR. The DSC scans revealed the second order transition temperature of the hybrid materials were higher than PVAc.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted in the Western Highlands of Cameroon to study the effects of Calliandra calothyrsus, sterilized compost, non-sterilized compost and mineral fertilizers (NPK 11:11:22) on physical c...A field experiment was conducted in the Western Highlands of Cameroon to study the effects of Calliandra calothyrsus, sterilized compost, non-sterilized compost and mineral fertilizers (NPK 11:11:22) on physical characteristics, yield components and late blight disease severity of potato (Solanum tuberosum). A two factorial treatment combination made up of fertilization schemes and sanitary measures were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates and 10 treatments. Data collected were subjected to a multivariate ANOVA and means separated with the Dunnett t-test with Calliandra calothyrsus considered as the main treatment. Mineral fertilizers and Calliandra calothyrsus significantly augmented stem diameter, plant height and plant vigor, total and marketable yields, despite the fact that late blight severity was high in the two treatments. The correlation matrix showed that total yield had significant and positive correlation with stem diameter (r = 0.74), plant height (r = 0.61), plant vigor (r = 0.61) and marketable yield (r = 0.99) and negative correlation (r = -37) with late blight severity. The increase observed is attributed to the nutrient contents of the treatments applied. Leafy prunings of C. calothyrsus increase soil organic matter which probably improves moisture retention and biological activity. The highest late blight severity recorded between the 45 and 60 coincides with active development of plant canopy which influences disease severity and create a canopy microclimate conducive to disease development. This study suggests that Calliandra calothyrsus has the potential of improving potato production provided appropriate fungicide is used.展开更多
Based on the analysises of regional structural setting, basin formation and deformation, this paper demonstrates that the Xianfeng basin has been formed and inverted under the strike-slip regime. The article is a part...Based on the analysises of regional structural setting, basin formation and deformation, this paper demonstrates that the Xianfeng basin has been formed and inverted under the strike-slip regime. The article is a partial result of the whole research.展开更多
The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: pan...The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: panicle was 6 ∶3∶1, the higher amount of nitrogen improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle, grain weight and yield; the medium nitrogen level had advantage under the ratio 4:3:3; nitrogen application at lategrowth stage was suitable for low or medium nitrogen level,which could increase photosynthetic capacity and optimize the yield components and increase yield; under the same ratio for basic tiller and ear fertilizer, the increase of nitrogen could improve total nitrogen uptake and protein content, decrease nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and tasting, but nitrogen recovery and harvest index changes had difference; as application at late growth stage in same nitrogen rate, total nitrogen uptake and protein content increased, nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and amylose content and tasting decreased, nitrogen recovery and harvest index increased under low or medium nitrogen level and decreased under high nitrogen level. Nitrogen application 210 kg/hm^2 and the ratio 4 ∶3 ∶3 of basal:tillering: panicle made the yield increase by 2.8%-11.3%, and this is the optimal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application.展开更多
In order to identify a harvesting model which is beneficial for broadleaf-Korean pine mixed forest (BKF) sustainability, we investigated four types of harvested stands which have been logged with intensities of 0 (...In order to identify a harvesting model which is beneficial for broadleaf-Korean pine mixed forest (BKF) sustainability, we investigated four types of harvested stands which have been logged with intensities of 0 (T0, control), 15% (T1, low intensity), 35% (T2, moderate intensity), and 100% (T3, clear-cutting), and examined the impacts of logging intensity on composition and structure of these stands. Results showed that there were no significant differences between To and T1 for all structural characteristics, except for density of seeding and large trees. The mean diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m above the ground), stem density and basal area of large trees in T2 were significantly lower than in To, while the density of seedlings and saplings were significantly higher in T2 than in To. Structural characteristics in T3 were entirely different from To. Dominant tree species in primary BKF comprised 93%, 85%, 45% and 10% of the total basal area in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Three community similarity indices, the Jaccard's similarity coefficient (Cj); the Morisita-Hom index (CMH); and the Bray-Curtis index (CN), were the highest for T0 and T1, followed by T0 and T2, and T0 and T3, in generally. These results suggest that effects of harvesting on forest composition and structure are related to logging intensities. Low intensity harvesting is conductive to preserving forest structure and composition, allowing it to recover in a short time period. The regime characterized by low logging intensity and short rotations appears to be a sustainable harvesting method for BKF on the Changbai Mountains.展开更多
Calcium-bound and iron-and aluminium-bound humus extracted from different soils collected from north to south of China were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Meaningful differences in the compositio...Calcium-bound and iron-and aluminium-bound humus extracted from different soils collected from north to south of China were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Meaningful differences in the composition and structure between them were revealed by (13)C NMR, visible spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Results showed that the contents of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were higher in iron-and aluminium-bound humus than in calcium-bound humus while oxygen content in calcium-bound humus was shown to be higher. The calcium-bound humus had hasher C/N and O/C ratios than iron- and aluminumbound humus. The calcium-bound humic acid (HA1) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than iron- and aluminumbound humic acid (HA2) while iron- and aluminum-bound pulvic acid (FA2) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than calcium-bound fulvic acid (PA1). An inverse relationship between E4/E6 ratios and aromaticity as determined by (13)C NMR spectra was observed for HA and FA from black soil. The (13)C NMR spectroscopy revealed that HA2 was more aromatic than HA1. On the other hand, FA1 exhibited a higher aromaticitythan FA2.展开更多
The effects of mechanical activation in a planetary mill on the structural changes and microstructural characteristics of the components of ferruginous quartzite beneficiation railings generated by wet magnetic separa...The effects of mechanical activation in a planetary mill on the structural changes and microstructural characteristics of the components of ferruginous quartzite beneficiation railings generated by wet magnetic separation process were studied using X-ray and laser diffraction methods. The results revealed the relationship between variations in the mean particle size of activated powders and the milling time. The crystallite size, microstrain, lattice parameters and unit cell volumes were determined for different milling times in powder samples of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite from the beneficiation tailings. The main trends in the variation of the crystallite size of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite as a function mean particle size of powder samples were revealed. Changes in the particle shape as a function of the activation time was also investigated.展开更多
This letter studies on the detection of texture features in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Through analyzing the feature detection method proposed by Lopes, an improved texture detection method is proposed, wh...This letter studies on the detection of texture features in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Through analyzing the feature detection method proposed by Lopes, an improved texture detection method is proposed, which can not only detect the edge and lines but also avoid stretching edge and suppressing lines of the former algorithm. Experimental results with both simulated and real SAR images verify the advantage and practicability of the improved method.展开更多
Video synopsis is an effective and innovative way to produce short video abstraction for huge video archives,while keeping the dynamic characteristic of activities in the original video.Abnormal activity,as the critic...Video synopsis is an effective and innovative way to produce short video abstraction for huge video archives,while keeping the dynamic characteristic of activities in the original video.Abnormal activity,as the critical event,is always the main concern in video surveillance context.However,in traditional video synopsis,all the normal and abnormal activities are condensed together equally,which can make the synopsis video confused and worthless.In addition,the traditional video synopsis methods always neglect redundancy in the content domain.To solve the above-mentioned issues,a novel video synopsis method is proposed based on abnormal activity detection and key observation selection.In the proposed algorithm,activities are classified into normal and abnormal ones based on the sparse reconstruction cost from an atomically learned activity dictionary.And key observation selection using the minimum description length principle is conducted for eliminating content redundancy in normal activity.Experiments conducted in publicly available datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively generate satisfying synopsis videos.展开更多
Highly efficient synthesis methods have been developed and characteristics of nanometallocarbosilanes molecular structure were studied by the research team of GNIIChTEOS (State Research Institute for Chemistry and Te...Highly efficient synthesis methods have been developed and characteristics of nanometallocarbosilanes molecular structure were studied by the research team of GNIIChTEOS (State Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds). Nanometallocarbosilanes were synthesized by thermal co-condensation of oligocarbosilanes and alkyl amides of refractory metals. Initial, intermediate and final products of side reactions were characterized by 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), IR (infra-red) spectroscopy, GPC (gel-penetrating chromatography), TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), RES (X-ray phase analysis) and elemental analysis. The proposed synthesis method of nanometallocarbosilanes was lbund to produce fusable soluble organosilicon oligomers with homogeneous distribution of nanoscale (10-20 nm) metal particles in the oligomer matrix. A computational model of the group and elemental composition of nanometallocarbosilanes was developed; it was shown that they are molecular globules of near-spherical shape and rigid polycyclic structure. Thermochemical treatment of nanometallocarbosilanes leads to SiC-nanoceramics (a high yield of up to 75-80 mass%) modified by metal nanoparticles (20-30 nm) contributing to its stabilization. The application of preceramic oxygen-free nanometallocarbosilanes will make it possible to advance in solving the problem of ceramic composite materials with long-term resistance at temperatures above 1,500 ℃ in oxidizing environments.展开更多
Abstract: Statistical classification of the intensification of different deepChangiang-Huaihe Cyclones (CHCs) over the East China and Yellow Seas (ECYSs)during 2008 to 2012 is studied using the FNL reanalysis dat...Abstract: Statistical classification of the intensification of different deepChangiang-Huaihe Cyclones (CHCs) over the East China and Yellow Seas (ECYSs)during 2008 to 2012 is studied using the FNL reanalysis data. Based on the penetrationdepth and the season of occurrence, the CHCs are divided into four categoriesincluding warm-season-deep (WSD), warm-season-shallow (WSS), winter-shallow(WTS) and early-spring-bottom (ESB). Statistics show the CHCs take either aneastward or a northeastward path after entering ECYSs. After moving to the seas, theintensification of CHCs is more significant in cold season than that in warm season.They all have the reduction of the friction of the underlying surface and the increase ofthe near surface winds. The area of strong winds extends and migrates from the east tothe southeast of the CHCs. A significant increase of precipitation during the warmseasons is consistent with the penetration depth of the cyclones. While a slight increaseof precipitation in cold season cyclones and scattered precipitation is observed behindthe ESB cyclones in the early stage of spring. Synthetic diagnosis analysis of the CHCsover ECYSs shows that the latent heat release plays an important role in theamplification of cyclones during the warm season. The ESB cyclones are sensitive tothe dynamic and thermal effects from the underlying surface. The vertical stretching of the positive vorticity volume is much more significant in ESB cyclones than that in othercyclones. The height of maximum upper level divergence is proportional to thepenetration depth of the cyclone for all the categories. Diabatic heating from the underlying surface is more prominent in cold season cyclones. Downward transport ofthe kinetic energy from upper level jet and the reduced friction both have positivecontributions to intensification of the CHCs. Moist Potential Vorticity (MPV) has morecontribution to the intensification of warm season cyclones, especially WSD cyclones.The combined effects from inertial stability and shear stability are beneficial to theamplification of the cyclones in cold season. The position and strength of thetemperature and moisture front from MPV2 term at 1000 hPa coincides with the areaand intensity of precipitation, which shows that the MPV2 is an effective reference forCHCs rainfall forecast.展开更多
Transition metal phosphoraniminato derivatives of Keggin-type polyoxometalates(POMs) are important intermediates in N-transfer reactions.Density functional theory(DFT) has been employed to calculate the electronic str...Transition metal phosphoraniminato derivatives of Keggin-type polyoxometalates(POMs) are important intermediates in N-transfer reactions.Density functional theory(DFT) has been employed to calculate the electronic structures,bonding features and redox properties of the iron and ruthenium phosphoraniminato derivatives of Keggin-type POMs,[PW11O39{MVNPPh3}] 3-(M = Fe,Ru).Our DFT calculations show that both anions have the same qualitative M-N single bond features.However,the calculations predict that the FeN system possesses a lower energy and more accessible metalnitrogen antibonding orbital than the RuN system.This results in a greater weakening of the Fe-N bond in the reduction process,and thus enhances its N-transfer reactivity.展开更多
Nanomagnetic CoPt truncated octahedral nanoparticles (TONPs) were successfully synthesised through a facile one-pot strategy. These single crystal CoPt TONPs with an average size of about 8 nm exhibit excellent elec...Nanomagnetic CoPt truncated octahedral nanoparticles (TONPs) were successfully synthesised through a facile one-pot strategy. These single crystal CoPt TONPs with an average size of about 8 nm exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance of both activity and stability for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The mass and specific activities of CoPt TONPs is 8 and 6 times higher than that of standard commercial Pt/C, respectively. After accelerated durability test (ADT), the loss of electrochemical surface area (ECSA) for CoPt TONPs is only 18.5%, which is significantly less than that of commercial Pt/C (68.2%), indicating that CoPt TONPs possess much better stability than commercial Pt/C in the prolonged operation. The Curie temperature of CoPt TONPs down to 8 nm is as high as 350 K with weak ferromagntism at room temperature (RT), which is greatly valuable for recycling in the eletrocatalytic applications.展开更多
基金Supported by National Rice Industry Technology SystemNational Bumper-Crop Science and Technology Project(2011BAD16B05)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on characteristics of retoon rice yield components, and relationship of the characteristics with born bud rate and root ac- tivity of retoon rice before harvesting. [Method] Eighteen mid-season hybrid rice va- rieties approved recently were taken as materials in high-yield cultivation conditions. Characteristics of retoon rice yield components were analyzed, and relationship of yield components characteristics with the rate of bud emergence and root activity of retoon rice before harvesting was explored, based on related data. [Result] Highly- yielding retoon rice is characterized by high effective ear number (Xl) and high set- ting percentage (X4); the number of germinated shoots the 5^* d after first-batch rice was cut is a key factor for retoon rice yield and was of positive correlation with re- toon rice seedlings and effective ears, with correlation coefficients at 0.80^** and 0.76^**. In addition, bleeding sap was of positive correlation with grain number and setting percentage of retoon rice and correlation coefficients were 0.50^* and 0.48^**, and of positive correlation with average panicle weight, with correlation coefficient at 0.63. [Conclusion] It is an effective way for the rate of bud emergence and root activity at lar ecological zones. mproving retoon rice yield to increase harvesting in the test sites and simi lar ecological zones.
文摘In some oilfields with 3D seismic data, the deeper structure cannot be observed due to poor quality deep seismic data. Layer stripping using both seismic and gravity data is a solution for this problem but it cannot get satisfactory results because the horizontal variations in formation density are ignored. We present a variable-density formation separation technique to address this problem. Based on 3D seismic depth data and laterallyvariable density derived from 3D seismic velocity data, the upper formation gravity effect is calculated by forward modeling and removed from the Bouguer gravity. The formation-separated gravity anomaly with variable density is obtained, which mainly reflects the deeper geological structure. In block XX of North Africa, the shallow formations seismic data is excellent but the data at the top of basement is poor. The formation-separated gravity anomaly processed under the control of 3D seismic data fits well with the known seismic interpretation and wells. It makes the geological interpretation more reliable.
基金Project(50134020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by Postdoctoral Fund of Central South University
文摘The microstructures and growth process characteristics precipitation-crystallization method were investigated by SEM, TEM of spherical Ni(OH)2 particles synthesized by the aqueous and XRD, and their growth mechanism was discussed. With the reaction beginning and continuing, amorphous Ni(OH)2 nano-crystallites grow up to spherical micron-particles with radially arranged crystallites. The nucleation, crystallization and re-crystallization led by Ostwald ripening simultaneously take place through the whole growth processes. With the course from reversible aggregation to irreversible agglomeration, the Ni(OH)2 particles tend to grow according to the template growth model: the growth on the crystallite templates stretching in the radius directions is free and quick, while the growth rate for crystallites in other directions is confined due to lower monomers concentration and tends to dissolve So it is only the radially arranged crystallites that predominate in the particle and lead to characteristic microstructures.
文摘Understanding the relations and interactions between ecosystem components and plants is crucial for sustainable production of medicinal plants. To study the effect of simultaneous application of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash, split plot arrangement of factors based on randomized complete block design with three replications were used during 2009-2010 growing season. The mainplot factors were the type of organic fertilizers, including: (1) cow manure; (2) sheep manure; (3) chicken manure; (4) vermicompost; and (5) control. The subplot factors were the biofertilizes (Nitragin, containing Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) utilization. The results showed the positive but non-significant effect of organic and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of zucchini squash. Amongst the organic fertilizers, cow and chicken manure, have superiority compared to others. The highest seed oil and protein percent was obtained with application of chicken manure, however there was no significant difference between treatments in seed oil percent. The positive effect of organic and biological fertilizers on seed yield was higher than fruit yield. At a glance, application of cow manure solely was better than its application with nitragin. Nitragin application has no significant effect on some traits when utilized with sheep manure and vermicompost.
文摘Objective. To evaluate the effects of alendronate on the structural properties of trabecular bone.Methods. Alendronate was administered at a daily p. o. dose of 0. 5 mg/kg over a 12-week period in hound dogs (n = 8 for both the control and treated group), and the structural indices of the lumbar vertebral (LI and L2) trabecular bone were assessed directly from 3-D images.Results. Treatment with alendronate increased bone volume fraction by 9. 5% and 7. 7% in L1 and L2 respectively. Trabecular thickness significantly increased after alendronate treatment, whereas trabecular separation remained constant. The degree of anisotropy for the alendronate - treated group was decreased compared with that of the control group. Bone surface to volume ratio declined significantly in the alendronate-reated group, whereas alendronate induced a higher bone surface density.Conclusion. Alendronate increased the structural properties of canine trabecular bone after short-term treatment at a dose of 0. 5 mg · kg-1·day-1.
基金Supported by Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No.106089)
文摘A new class of nanocomposites based on organic and inorganic species integrated at a nanoscale has obtained more attention these years. Organic-inorganic hybrids have both the advantages of organic materials, such as light weight, flexibility and good moldability, and inorganic materials, such as high strength, heat stability and chemical resistance. In this work, PVAc/TiO2 organicinorganic hybrid was prepared by sol-gel process. Eiectrospinning technique was used to fabricate PVAc/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers. The structures and properties of the hybrid nanofibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectra. SEM and AFM were employed to study the topography of the hybrid nanofibers. The chemical structure of the hybrid nanofibers were examined by FTIR. The DSC scans revealed the second order transition temperature of the hybrid materials were higher than PVAc.
文摘A field experiment was conducted in the Western Highlands of Cameroon to study the effects of Calliandra calothyrsus, sterilized compost, non-sterilized compost and mineral fertilizers (NPK 11:11:22) on physical characteristics, yield components and late blight disease severity of potato (Solanum tuberosum). A two factorial treatment combination made up of fertilization schemes and sanitary measures were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates and 10 treatments. Data collected were subjected to a multivariate ANOVA and means separated with the Dunnett t-test with Calliandra calothyrsus considered as the main treatment. Mineral fertilizers and Calliandra calothyrsus significantly augmented stem diameter, plant height and plant vigor, total and marketable yields, despite the fact that late blight severity was high in the two treatments. The correlation matrix showed that total yield had significant and positive correlation with stem diameter (r = 0.74), plant height (r = 0.61), plant vigor (r = 0.61) and marketable yield (r = 0.99) and negative correlation (r = -37) with late blight severity. The increase observed is attributed to the nutrient contents of the treatments applied. Leafy prunings of C. calothyrsus increase soil organic matter which probably improves moisture retention and biological activity. The highest late blight severity recorded between the 45 and 60 coincides with active development of plant canopy which influences disease severity and create a canopy microclimate conducive to disease development. This study suggests that Calliandra calothyrsus has the potential of improving potato production provided appropriate fungicide is used.
文摘Based on the analysises of regional structural setting, basin formation and deformation, this paper demonstrates that the Xianfeng basin has been formed and inverted under the strike-slip regime. The article is a partial result of the whole research.
基金Supported by National System of Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology(CARS-01-37)Rice Innovation Team of Liaoning Province of National System of Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology([2013]271)Key Agriculture and Achievements Specialization Planning Program of Liaoning Province(2014020004-101-3)
文摘The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: panicle was 6 ∶3∶1, the higher amount of nitrogen improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle, grain weight and yield; the medium nitrogen level had advantage under the ratio 4:3:3; nitrogen application at lategrowth stage was suitable for low or medium nitrogen level,which could increase photosynthetic capacity and optimize the yield components and increase yield; under the same ratio for basic tiller and ear fertilizer, the increase of nitrogen could improve total nitrogen uptake and protein content, decrease nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and tasting, but nitrogen recovery and harvest index changes had difference; as application at late growth stage in same nitrogen rate, total nitrogen uptake and protein content increased, nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and amylose content and tasting decreased, nitrogen recovery and harvest index increased under low or medium nitrogen level and decreased under high nitrogen level. Nitrogen application 210 kg/hm^2 and the ratio 4 ∶3 ∶3 of basal:tillering: panicle made the yield increase by 2.8%-11.3%, and this is the optimal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application.
基金National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(No.2012BAD22B04)
文摘In order to identify a harvesting model which is beneficial for broadleaf-Korean pine mixed forest (BKF) sustainability, we investigated four types of harvested stands which have been logged with intensities of 0 (T0, control), 15% (T1, low intensity), 35% (T2, moderate intensity), and 100% (T3, clear-cutting), and examined the impacts of logging intensity on composition and structure of these stands. Results showed that there were no significant differences between To and T1 for all structural characteristics, except for density of seeding and large trees. The mean diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m above the ground), stem density and basal area of large trees in T2 were significantly lower than in To, while the density of seedlings and saplings were significantly higher in T2 than in To. Structural characteristics in T3 were entirely different from To. Dominant tree species in primary BKF comprised 93%, 85%, 45% and 10% of the total basal area in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Three community similarity indices, the Jaccard's similarity coefficient (Cj); the Morisita-Hom index (CMH); and the Bray-Curtis index (CN), were the highest for T0 and T1, followed by T0 and T2, and T0 and T3, in generally. These results suggest that effects of harvesting on forest composition and structure are related to logging intensities. Low intensity harvesting is conductive to preserving forest structure and composition, allowing it to recover in a short time period. The regime characterized by low logging intensity and short rotations appears to be a sustainable harvesting method for BKF on the Changbai Mountains.
文摘Calcium-bound and iron-and aluminium-bound humus extracted from different soils collected from north to south of China were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Meaningful differences in the composition and structure between them were revealed by (13)C NMR, visible spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Results showed that the contents of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were higher in iron-and aluminium-bound humus than in calcium-bound humus while oxygen content in calcium-bound humus was shown to be higher. The calcium-bound humus had hasher C/N and O/C ratios than iron- and aluminumbound humus. The calcium-bound humic acid (HA1) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than iron- and aluminumbound humic acid (HA2) while iron- and aluminum-bound pulvic acid (FA2) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than calcium-bound fulvic acid (PA1). An inverse relationship between E4/E6 ratios and aromaticity as determined by (13)C NMR spectra was observed for HA and FA from black soil. The (13)C NMR spectroscopy revealed that HA2 was more aromatic than HA1. On the other hand, FA1 exhibited a higher aromaticitythan FA2.
文摘The effects of mechanical activation in a planetary mill on the structural changes and microstructural characteristics of the components of ferruginous quartzite beneficiation railings generated by wet magnetic separation process were studied using X-ray and laser diffraction methods. The results revealed the relationship between variations in the mean particle size of activated powders and the milling time. The crystallite size, microstrain, lattice parameters and unit cell volumes were determined for different milling times in powder samples of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite from the beneficiation tailings. The main trends in the variation of the crystallite size of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite as a function mean particle size of powder samples were revealed. Changes in the particle shape as a function of the activation time was also investigated.
基金Supported by the University Doctorate Special Research Fund(No.20030614001)
文摘This letter studies on the detection of texture features in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Through analyzing the feature detection method proposed by Lopes, an improved texture detection method is proposed, which can not only detect the edge and lines but also avoid stretching edge and suppressing lines of the former algorithm. Experimental results with both simulated and real SAR images verify the advantage and practicability of the improved method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61402023)Beijing Technology and Business' University Youth Fund(No.QNJJ2014-23)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.4162019)
文摘Video synopsis is an effective and innovative way to produce short video abstraction for huge video archives,while keeping the dynamic characteristic of activities in the original video.Abnormal activity,as the critical event,is always the main concern in video surveillance context.However,in traditional video synopsis,all the normal and abnormal activities are condensed together equally,which can make the synopsis video confused and worthless.In addition,the traditional video synopsis methods always neglect redundancy in the content domain.To solve the above-mentioned issues,a novel video synopsis method is proposed based on abnormal activity detection and key observation selection.In the proposed algorithm,activities are classified into normal and abnormal ones based on the sparse reconstruction cost from an atomically learned activity dictionary.And key observation selection using the minimum description length principle is conducted for eliminating content redundancy in normal activity.Experiments conducted in publicly available datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively generate satisfying synopsis videos.
文摘Highly efficient synthesis methods have been developed and characteristics of nanometallocarbosilanes molecular structure were studied by the research team of GNIIChTEOS (State Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds). Nanometallocarbosilanes were synthesized by thermal co-condensation of oligocarbosilanes and alkyl amides of refractory metals. Initial, intermediate and final products of side reactions were characterized by 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), IR (infra-red) spectroscopy, GPC (gel-penetrating chromatography), TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), RES (X-ray phase analysis) and elemental analysis. The proposed synthesis method of nanometallocarbosilanes was lbund to produce fusable soluble organosilicon oligomers with homogeneous distribution of nanoscale (10-20 nm) metal particles in the oligomer matrix. A computational model of the group and elemental composition of nanometallocarbosilanes was developed; it was shown that they are molecular globules of near-spherical shape and rigid polycyclic structure. Thermochemical treatment of nanometallocarbosilanes leads to SiC-nanoceramics (a high yield of up to 75-80 mass%) modified by metal nanoparticles (20-30 nm) contributing to its stabilization. The application of preceramic oxygen-free nanometallocarbosilanes will make it possible to advance in solving the problem of ceramic composite materials with long-term resistance at temperatures above 1,500 ℃ in oxidizing environments.
基金supported by NSFC Grant No.41276033national science support program(2012BAH05B01)+3 种基金China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(201206068)CMA special fund on Jiangsu climate change(CSSF201318)Jiangsu science support program(BE2012774,BE2014729)funded by the Jiangsu university advantages subject of engineering discipline construction
文摘Abstract: Statistical classification of the intensification of different deepChangiang-Huaihe Cyclones (CHCs) over the East China and Yellow Seas (ECYSs)during 2008 to 2012 is studied using the FNL reanalysis data. Based on the penetrationdepth and the season of occurrence, the CHCs are divided into four categoriesincluding warm-season-deep (WSD), warm-season-shallow (WSS), winter-shallow(WTS) and early-spring-bottom (ESB). Statistics show the CHCs take either aneastward or a northeastward path after entering ECYSs. After moving to the seas, theintensification of CHCs is more significant in cold season than that in warm season.They all have the reduction of the friction of the underlying surface and the increase ofthe near surface winds. The area of strong winds extends and migrates from the east tothe southeast of the CHCs. A significant increase of precipitation during the warmseasons is consistent with the penetration depth of the cyclones. While a slight increaseof precipitation in cold season cyclones and scattered precipitation is observed behindthe ESB cyclones in the early stage of spring. Synthetic diagnosis analysis of the CHCsover ECYSs shows that the latent heat release plays an important role in theamplification of cyclones during the warm season. The ESB cyclones are sensitive tothe dynamic and thermal effects from the underlying surface. The vertical stretching of the positive vorticity volume is much more significant in ESB cyclones than that in othercyclones. The height of maximum upper level divergence is proportional to thepenetration depth of the cyclone for all the categories. Diabatic heating from the underlying surface is more prominent in cold season cyclones. Downward transport ofthe kinetic energy from upper level jet and the reduced friction both have positivecontributions to intensification of the CHCs. Moist Potential Vorticity (MPV) has morecontribution to the intensification of warm season cyclones, especially WSD cyclones.The combined effects from inertial stability and shear stability are beneficial to theamplification of the cyclones in cold season. The position and strength of thetemperature and moisture front from MPV2 term at 1000 hPa coincides with the areaand intensity of precipitation, which shows that the MPV2 is an effective reference forCHCs rainfall forecast.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20971020)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT0714)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Doctor of Northeast Dianli University (BSJXM-201110)the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (20082103)
文摘Transition metal phosphoraniminato derivatives of Keggin-type polyoxometalates(POMs) are important intermediates in N-transfer reactions.Density functional theory(DFT) has been employed to calculate the electronic structures,bonding features and redox properties of the iron and ruthenium phosphoraniminato derivatives of Keggin-type POMs,[PW11O39{MVNPPh3}] 3-(M = Fe,Ru).Our DFT calculations show that both anions have the same qualitative M-N single bond features.However,the calculations predict that the FeN system possesses a lower energy and more accessible metalnitrogen antibonding orbital than the RuN system.This results in a greater weakening of the Fe-N bond in the reduction process,and thus enhances its N-transfer reactivity.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB921401)the National Instrument Program of China(2012YQ120048)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51625101,51431009,51471183,51331002,51371015,11274371 and 11674023)the Instrument Development Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(YZ201345)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-BR-15-009B)
文摘Nanomagnetic CoPt truncated octahedral nanoparticles (TONPs) were successfully synthesised through a facile one-pot strategy. These single crystal CoPt TONPs with an average size of about 8 nm exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance of both activity and stability for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The mass and specific activities of CoPt TONPs is 8 and 6 times higher than that of standard commercial Pt/C, respectively. After accelerated durability test (ADT), the loss of electrochemical surface area (ECSA) for CoPt TONPs is only 18.5%, which is significantly less than that of commercial Pt/C (68.2%), indicating that CoPt TONPs possess much better stability than commercial Pt/C in the prolonged operation. The Curie temperature of CoPt TONPs down to 8 nm is as high as 350 K with weak ferromagntism at room temperature (RT), which is greatly valuable for recycling in the eletrocatalytic applications.