病例构架教学法设计和评价方案在临床科目课堂教学中的应用

为适应临床科目教学的需要,在临床科目课堂的教学中,从分析教学目标、制定教学策略入手,运用病例构架教学法进行教学,对教学效果进行评价,分析和阐述病例构架教学法的特点和应用注意事项。

钢轨构架支棚法处理土质隧道塌方的施工经验简介

宝中线大寨岭隧道出口端，在距洞２４０ｍ处发生了大塌方，采用了全断面钢轨钢架支硼法进行处理，达到了预期目的。

基于系统构建法的黑龙江可持续发展的研究

系统构建法的主要内容为中科院制定的中国可持续发展总体能力,即五大支持体系:生存支持系统、发展支持系统、环境支持系统、社会支持系统、智力支持系统。通过仔细查阅2011年黑龙江省统计年鉴,对黑龙江省可持续发展指标体系的统计数据的核算与分析,利用五大指标体系综合评价预测黑龙江省可持续发展的走势,探寻黑龙江省可持续发展方案。

作文构架二题

写作文,在动笔行文之前应对文章的架子有个清楚的、较全面的把握.选取什么材料,先写什么,后写什么,层次段落怎样安排,用什么结构方式,都应胸有成竹.瞎子摸鱼式的写作态度是要不得的.客观事物是千变万化的,作者观察、分析和反映事物的角度与方法又不一样,所以文章的写作没有固定的格式.但是,这并不是说就没有一定的规律可循.因为,客观事物无论怎样千变万化,还是有其内在联系和规律的.这种内在联系和规律,就决定了文章的布局安排.在深刻认识客观事物、充分把握其内部联系和发展规律的基础上,行文写作前搭个文章架子,是必要的.怎样搭文章的架子呢?下面试介绍两种方法:

Design of dense gap-graded friction course mixture

The design procedure of a dense gap-graded friction course（DGGFC） with coarse aggregate void filling method is presented. Testing results show that a DGGFC mixture possesses a dense stone-matrix structure, good stability and almost the same texture depth as stone matrix asphalt （SMA）. It also has a coarse and even surface after paving and has no separation during construction. It is durable and impermeable. It balances and improves the inherent inconsistency of asphalt mixture between the large texture depth for skid resistance and the impermeability for durability. The actual application in the Nanning-Liuzhou Expressway also shows that the performance of the DGGFC is as excellent as that of SMA, while the DGGFC mixture is cheaper than SMA. The DGGFC mixture is good for wearing course of pavement. Further research on DGGFC can be helpful for improving the surface skid resistance, prolonging the life-span period and reducing the construction costs of asphalt pavement.

The analytical solutions for orthotropic cantilever beams (II):Solutions for density functionally graded beams

In this paper, the specific solutions of orthotropic plane problems with body forces are derived. Then, based on the general solution in the case of distinct eigenvalues and the specific solution for density functionally graded orthotropic media, a series of beam problem, including the problems of cantilever beam with body forces depending only on z or on x coordinate and expressed by z or x polynomial is solved by the principle of superposition and the trial-and-error method.

A distributed software architecture design framework based on attributed grammar

Software architectures shift the focus of developers from lines-of-code to coarser-grained architectural elements and their overall interconnection structure. There are, however, many features of the distributed software that make the developing methods of distributed software quite different from the traditional ways. Furthermore, the traditional centralized ways with fixed interfaces cannot adapt to the flexible requirements of distributed software. In this paper, the attributed grammar (AG) is extended to refine the characters of distributed software, and a distributed software architecture description language (DSADL) based on attributed grammar is introduced, and then a model of integrated environment for software architecture design is proposed. It can be demonstrated by the practice that DSADL can help the programmers to analyze and design distributed software effectively, so the efficiency of the development can be improved greatly.

Hierarchically skeletal multi-layered Pt-Ni nanocrystals for highly efficient oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions

Pt based materials are the most efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)in fuel cells.Maximizing the utilization of Pt based materials by modulating their morphologies to expose more active sites is a fundamental objective for the practical application of fuel cells.Herein,we report a new class of hierarchically skeletal Pt-Ni nanocrystals(HSNs)with a multi-layered structure,prepared by an inorganic acid-induced solvothermal method.The addition of H_(2)SO_(4)to the synthetic protocol provides a critical trigger for the successful growth of Pt-Ni nanocrystals with the desired structure.The Pt-Ni HSNs synthesized by this method exhibit enhanced mass activity of 1.25 A mgpt−1 at 0.9 V(versus the reversible hydrogen electrode)towards ORR in 0.1-M HClO_(4),which is superior to that of Pt-Ni multi-branched nanocrystals obtained by the same method in the absence of inorganic acid;it is additionally 8.9-fold higher than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst.Meanwhile,it displays enhanced stability,with only 21.6%mass activity loss after 10,000 cycles(0.6–1.0 V)for ORR.Furthermore,the Pt-Ni HSNs show enhanced activity and anti-toxic ability in CO for MOR.The superb activity of the Pt-Ni HSNs for ORR and MOR is fully attributed to an extensively exposed electrochemical surface area and high intrinsic activity,induced by strain effects,provided by the unique hierarchically skeletal alloy structure.The novel open and hierarchical structure of Pt-Ni alloy provides a promising approach for significant improvements of the activity of Pt based alloy electrocatalysts.

A framework to create video-transition effects

The paper presents a framework for developing a variety of video transition effects. The framework is designed to deal with the problem of inefficiency for programmers to generate more and more diversified video transition, which is caused by excessive coupling between the sub-modules of the system. So the framework is designed to be modular, flexible and extensible. Based on the analysis of common features of different effects, the implementation of video transition effect is divided into 4 sub-odules, each of which can be designed and developed independently. Furthermore, these sub-modules can be easily sub- stituted, modified and reused. We present a formal description of our framework, and give typical study cases to show the extensive utility of the framework.

Legal Framework of Shari＇ah Corporations in Malaysia： Special Reference to Waqf Corporation

In Malaysia, the Islamic commercial institutions were established under respective legislations which contain express term on their status as a body corporate. Examples of these institutions are Islamic banks, zakah institutions, Pilgrimage Board and Islamic insurance （takaful） companies. In 1998, Johor Corporation （JCorp） initiated a corporate waqf entity known as Waqaf An-Nur Corporation Berhad （WANCorp）. In 2011, Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan （MAIWP） collaborated with Tabung Haji to develop a Class AWaqf building leased to Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad （BIMB）. The developments in waqf involving corporate entities are worth to be analyzed in order to create a new framework of waqf practice. This paper deliberated the attributes of corporations under the Malaysian law and compares them with the principles of Islamic law （Shari＇ah）. For the purpose of discussion, this paper refers to WANCorp and Awqaf Holdings as examples ofwaqf corporations in Malaysia.

r-Matrix Structure for a Restricted Flow with Bargmann Constraint

This paper deals with the integrability of a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system linked with the generalized coupled KdV hierarchy. For this purpose the associated Lax representation is presented after an elementary calculation. It is shown that the Lax representation enjoys a dynamical r-matrix formula instead of a classical one in the Poisson bracket on R2N. Consequently the resulting system is proved to be completely integrable in view of its r-matrix structure.

Enterprise modeling method of calculation-independent model level

Aimed at deficiencies in the development and implementation of Enterprise Service Architecture （ESA） software, an ESA software developing mode based on Model Driven Architecture （MDA） is put forward. This mode includes a calculation-independent model （ CIM ）, a platform-independent model （ PIM ）, a platform-specific model （PSM） and a code level. Based on this mode, the modeling architecture of CIM level is presented. CIM here includes a global model, a process model, an information model and an organization model. The modeling elements of global model, process recta-model, information recta-model and organization meta-model are defined in detail and the relationship between them is described. The reflecting relationship between these models is established as well.

Stress Distribution of Holed Geotextile Cross-section in Civil Engineering

Stress distribution of holed geotextile cross-section under uniaxial and double-axial tension is analyzed with the boundary element method (BEM). The calculation results indicate that stress distribution of holed geotextile cross-section is greatly related to the dimension of the specimen, the size of the hole, the shape of the hole and the tensile condition, and the stress concentration area of holed geotextile from the side of the hole to 3-4 times of the hole diameter should be strengthened in order to improve quality of the projects. These results could provide guidance for engineering application of geotextiles.

Shaking Table Test on Out-of-Plane Stability of Infill Masonry Wall

The behaviors of infill wall in earthquakes show that infill masonry walls,which are used as nonstructural elements of concrete frames,are vulnerable when they are subjected to earthquake.In order to achieve an optimal antiseismic behavior,or even stability,two methods of connection are investigated.The shaking table tests,with 1:3 scale walls of two-storey model subjected to horizontal earthquake loads,were carried out to investigate the out-of-plane behaviors with different connections between walls and beams.The test results show that the connection methods employed between walls and beams have a significant effect on the out-of-plane stability of infill walls.The walls bound by bars with the beams perform better than those with inclined bricks without gaps.

Exact Solutions of VNE: A Survey

Network virtualization is an enabling technology of running multiple virtual networks on a shared substrate network. It aims to deal with the ossification of current network architecture. As a crucial component of network virtualization, virtual network embedding(VNE) can efficiently and effectively allocates the substrate resource to proposed virtual network requests. According to the optimization strategy, VNE approaches can be classified into three categories: exact, heuristic and meta-heuristic solution. The VNE exact solution is the foundation of its corresponding heuristic and meta-heuristic solutions. This paper presents a survey of existing typical VNE exact solutions, and open problems for the future research of VNE exact solutions are proposed.

A Fast Half-Pixel Motion Estimation Algorithm and Efficient Interpolation Hardware Architecture Unit for H.264/AVC

In this paper, a fast half-pixel motion estimation algorithm and its corresponding hardware architecture is presented. Unlike three steps are needed in typical half-pixel motion estimation algorithm, the presented algorithm needs only two steps to obtain all the interpolated pixels of an entire 8x8 block. The proposed architecture works in a parallel way and is simulated by Modelsirn 6.5 SE, synthesized to the Xilinx Virtex4 XC4VLX15 FPGA device. The implementation results show that this architecture can achieve 190 MHz and 10 clock cycles are reduced to complete the entire interpolation process when compared with typical half-pixel interpolation, which meets the requirements of real-time application for very high defination videos.

Hardware Module Placement for Dynamically Reconfigurable Architecture

Partial Reconfigurable FPGAs （Field Programmable Gate Array） allow tasks to be placed and removed dynamically at runtime. One of the challenging problems is the placement of modules on reconfigurable resources. Several modules placement techniques have been introduced in the literature to solve the temporal placement problem. This paper presents a temporal placement approach that manages the resources of a reconfigurable device. In fact, the authors＇ contribution focuses on introducing a new temporal placement algorithm that aims to minimize the communication cost between modules. Results show an important improvement in communication cost compared with other approaches.

An architecture and algorithm for green router IP lookup

Today,backbone networks deploy a large number of devices and links.This is mainly due to both redundancy purposes for network service reliability,and resource over-dimensioning for maintaining quality of service during rush hours.Unfortunately,current routers do not have power management primitives,and have constant energy consumption independent of their actual workloads.How to implement a low power and multi-stage switch forwarding for IP lookup is a challenge in high-performance green routers design.A forwarding information base multi-stage mapping routing lookup architecture is presented,and the dynamic routing table mapping algorithm is designed to determine the optimal strides for building tree bitmap tries which lead the worst-case power consumption of the IP lookup engine to be minimized.Experimental results show that the application of reallife routing tables demonstrates that the proposed method could reduce power consumption of routing lookup by 30%.

弹性力学平面问题的十字构架模式

对已有的正方形单元十字构架模式作了修正，推导了矩形单元十字构架模式的特性参数，并通过算例验证了它们的收敛性质．