The paper looks at some bridge structures from ancient aqueducts to the most recent viaducts since people have always built structures that help them to cross terrain obstacles such as rivers, ravines and hills. Their...The paper looks at some bridge structures from ancient aqueducts to the most recent viaducts since people have always built structures that help them to cross terrain obstacles such as rivers, ravines and hills. Their primary goal has functionality and efficiency rather than aesthetic considerations and, yet from a time perspective, they still impress with their beauty and perfection. Gradually, architects began to take care of the form of bridges, as in the case of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. Nowadays, the most renowned architects, with Norman Foster in the lead, take up the design of bridge ＂architecture＂. Although technical solutions remain top priority, aesthetic qualities are widely recognized and appreciated.展开更多
This paper analyzes compositional strategies of Russian avant-garde architecture from the 1920s and 1930s through the study of the work of Ivan Leonidov （1902-1959）, one of the leading and most prolific architects o...This paper analyzes compositional strategies of Russian avant-garde architecture from the 1920s and 1930s through the study of the work of Ivan Leonidov （1902-1959）, one of the leading and most prolific architects of this movement. In this study, Leonidov＇s work is located within its predominant architectural context, and his work is interpreted not only as a reaction against the domineering principles of classicism, but as an evolution and selective continuation of key concepts directly translated from architectural academism. The issues of the use of pure forms--a radical stance at odds with the commonly accepted morphologies of that era--associated with the principles of displaced symmetry, or disorder, are closely looked at and evaluated against both their architectural and political values within the context of post-revolutionary Russia. It is argued that the characteristic of weightlessness in his large-scale planning proposals is revelatory of a particular desire to invade space with political presence, thus demanding to reconsider the relation between space and architectural objects. Parallels are also drawn from French Revolutionary architecture, and from the work of Claude-Nicolas Ledoux in particular, whose search for purity and autonomy in architectural morphology preceded that of Soviet architecture. As Leonidov＇s legacy mainly consists of drawings of buildings that never got built, his influence can often be felt in the work of other architects which until today have drawn formal elements and compositional strategies from his relatively vast volume of un-built work.展开更多
This paper reports on an evaluation of airborne sound insulation in a wider frequency range then is used in classical measurements. For analyzing sound insulation was used frequency range from 50 Hz to 10 kHz via stan...This paper reports on an evaluation of airborne sound insulation in a wider frequency range then is used in classical measurements. For analyzing sound insulation was used frequency range from 50 Hz to 10 kHz via standard range I00 Hz to 3,15 kHz. For four constructions with different structure was measured sound reduction index depend on frequency and calculated Weighted sound reduction index according to EN ISO 717-1. Then the results were compared. The measurements were made for samples of construction with different sizes. The results of measurements show how the size of sample influence on measured sound insulation. This article could be useful for specialist of architect acoustic and all who interest in sound insulation.展开更多
This paperprovides a historical overview intending to clarify the methods of interpretation of timber-framed buildings by different authors of construction treatises, and structural intentions of the carpentry designe...This paperprovides a historical overview intending to clarify the methods of interpretation of timber-framed buildings by different authors of construction treatises, and structural intentions of the carpentry designers and master builders, throughout the centuries, until the period when it became scientific structural theory. It describes the ＂box-frame＂ construction that appeared in Lisbon, after the earthquake of 1755, characterized by its good seismic resistance. This knowledge is important to determine a strategy of an efficient restoration practice in historical constructions which require an intervention subordinated to its raised patrimonial and artistic value, minimum, which respects the authenticity of its structural and construction conception and which is reversible and compatible, in physical, chemical, mechanic and aesthetic terms. Empirical understanding of the most important properties of wood to structure purposes, the defects of structural timbers, the framing and the preliminary survey followed by the structural survey were some of the difficulties which can be overcame in practice.展开更多
The field of earthquake engineering and seismology is of great importance to structural engineers around the world. The location, size and consequences of an earthquake are variable depending on several conditions. Su...The field of earthquake engineering and seismology is of great importance to structural engineers around the world. The location, size and consequences of an earthquake are variable depending on several conditions. Surface conditions, boundary/fault type, distance from the boundary and hypocenter are all elements that dictate the outcome of a seismic event. The paper presents a comparison of seismic provisions of two seismic design codes--EC8 （Eurocode 8） and IBC （International Building Code） 2006, to a high-rise reinforced concrete building. The building is irregular and composes of 20 floors. The equivalent lateral force analysis was performed using the well-known structure program--ETABS （Extended 3D Analysis of Building Systems）. Based on the analysis results （inter-storey index, global damage index, storey displacement, inter-storey drift ratio and base shear）, EC8 was found to be conservative when compared with IBC 2006. The conclusion is that for the design and analysis of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings with certain irregularity, EC8 provisions were considered to be conservative.展开更多
文摘The paper looks at some bridge structures from ancient aqueducts to the most recent viaducts since people have always built structures that help them to cross terrain obstacles such as rivers, ravines and hills. Their primary goal has functionality and efficiency rather than aesthetic considerations and, yet from a time perspective, they still impress with their beauty and perfection. Gradually, architects began to take care of the form of bridges, as in the case of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. Nowadays, the most renowned architects, with Norman Foster in the lead, take up the design of bridge ＂architecture＂. Although technical solutions remain top priority, aesthetic qualities are widely recognized and appreciated.
文摘This paper analyzes compositional strategies of Russian avant-garde architecture from the 1920s and 1930s through the study of the work of Ivan Leonidov （1902-1959）, one of the leading and most prolific architects of this movement. In this study, Leonidov＇s work is located within its predominant architectural context, and his work is interpreted not only as a reaction against the domineering principles of classicism, but as an evolution and selective continuation of key concepts directly translated from architectural academism. The issues of the use of pure forms--a radical stance at odds with the commonly accepted morphologies of that era--associated with the principles of displaced symmetry, or disorder, are closely looked at and evaluated against both their architectural and political values within the context of post-revolutionary Russia. It is argued that the characteristic of weightlessness in his large-scale planning proposals is revelatory of a particular desire to invade space with political presence, thus demanding to reconsider the relation between space and architectural objects. Parallels are also drawn from French Revolutionary architecture, and from the work of Claude-Nicolas Ledoux in particular, whose search for purity and autonomy in architectural morphology preceded that of Soviet architecture. As Leonidov＇s legacy mainly consists of drawings of buildings that never got built, his influence can often be felt in the work of other architects which until today have drawn formal elements and compositional strategies from his relatively vast volume of un-built work.
文摘This paper reports on an evaluation of airborne sound insulation in a wider frequency range then is used in classical measurements. For analyzing sound insulation was used frequency range from 50 Hz to 10 kHz via standard range I00 Hz to 3,15 kHz. For four constructions with different structure was measured sound reduction index depend on frequency and calculated Weighted sound reduction index according to EN ISO 717-1. Then the results were compared. The measurements were made for samples of construction with different sizes. The results of measurements show how the size of sample influence on measured sound insulation. This article could be useful for specialist of architect acoustic and all who interest in sound insulation.
文摘This paperprovides a historical overview intending to clarify the methods of interpretation of timber-framed buildings by different authors of construction treatises, and structural intentions of the carpentry designers and master builders, throughout the centuries, until the period when it became scientific structural theory. It describes the ＂box-frame＂ construction that appeared in Lisbon, after the earthquake of 1755, characterized by its good seismic resistance. This knowledge is important to determine a strategy of an efficient restoration practice in historical constructions which require an intervention subordinated to its raised patrimonial and artistic value, minimum, which respects the authenticity of its structural and construction conception and which is reversible and compatible, in physical, chemical, mechanic and aesthetic terms. Empirical understanding of the most important properties of wood to structure purposes, the defects of structural timbers, the framing and the preliminary survey followed by the structural survey were some of the difficulties which can be overcame in practice.
文摘The field of earthquake engineering and seismology is of great importance to structural engineers around the world. The location, size and consequences of an earthquake are variable depending on several conditions. Surface conditions, boundary/fault type, distance from the boundary and hypocenter are all elements that dictate the outcome of a seismic event. The paper presents a comparison of seismic provisions of two seismic design codes--EC8 （Eurocode 8） and IBC （International Building Code） 2006, to a high-rise reinforced concrete building. The building is irregular and composes of 20 floors. The equivalent lateral force analysis was performed using the well-known structure program--ETABS （Extended 3D Analysis of Building Systems）. Based on the analysis results （inter-storey index, global damage index, storey displacement, inter-storey drift ratio and base shear）, EC8 was found to be conservative when compared with IBC 2006. The conclusion is that for the design and analysis of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings with certain irregularity, EC8 provisions were considered to be conservative.
