一种新的构造变形热年代学研究方法——显微构造变形热年代学

显微构造变形热年代学是一种新兴的研究构造变形热年代学方法,能够解决一些常用方法无法解决的或很困难的构造问题。显微构造变形热年代学利用因构造变形事件而产生的新生矿物结晶年龄来测定小至一般的构造变形,大至区域构造乃至造山带或碰撞带构造变形的年龄,建立构造演化时间序列,并可以计算其变形速率或隆升速率。

广州瘦狗岭断裂带的变形期次

根据广州瘦狗岭断裂带变形历史的野外地质证据以及40Ar／39Ar法和热释光法构造年龄数据，将其划分出晚三叠世—早侏罗世韧性拉伸剥离变形期，中侏罗世韧性挤压逆冲变形期，晚侏罗世末—早白垩世初脆性断裂、硅化作用期，晚白垩世—老第三纪同沉积正断层活动、硅化作用期，老第三纪晚期左行平移兼正断层活动期和第四纪正断层活动期。对该断裂带的变形期次与区域构造演化的联系进行了讨论。

鲁西隆起侏罗系碎屑主物源来自华北北缘:锆石U-Pb和Hf同位素年代学证据

鲁西隆起保存并出露比较完整的晚中生代沉积记录,是研究华北东部晚中生代构造演化的重要窗口。本文采用碎屑锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS测年方法分析鲁西隆起北缘淄川地区坊子组和三台组中的两个砂岩样品,以此探讨华北东部侏罗纪的沉积物源并约束构造古地理格架。两个砂岩样品具有近似的U-Pb年龄谱。古元古代和新太古代两组U-Pb年龄及其Hf同位素组成与广泛出露于北部的华北克拉通基底一致,根据缺乏新元古代中期(850～700 Ma)岩浆年龄和三叠纪变质年龄的事实,以此可以排除扬子板块以及现今临近于鲁西隆起东南部的苏鲁造山带物源。坊子组和三台组碎屑锆石显生宙年龄(393～256 Ma)记录的晚古生代岩浆活动均未发现于鲁西隆起及其邻近地区,而可以与大量出露于华北北缘及其北部的兴—蒙造山带的岩浆活动进行对比。此外,相当部分的显生宙碎屑锆石(183 Ma、462 Ma和324～154 Ma)具有正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(0.9～12.7)同位素特征,也与兴—蒙造山带特征相似,且三台组砂岩中显生宙碎屑锆石及其中ε_(Hf)(t)值为正值的比例较坊子组均增多。研究认为,华北北缘及其北部的兴—蒙造山带在侏罗纪时从早到晚不断抬升、剥蚀,形成相对华北克拉通内部的高地势特点,由此大量的剥蚀产物向南输运而成为鲁西隆起侏罗系的主要碎屑物源。

Geochronology,geochemistry and Hf isotopic study of Early Carboniferous granodiorites in Taerqi region,central Daxing'anling and its tectonic implication

Zircon U-Pb age,whole rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data are presented for Late Paleozoic granodiorites from the Taerqi region,central Daxing'anling to constrain its petrogenesis and tectonic implication.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age data indicates that the Late Paleozoic granodiorites were emplaced with age of333.4 ± 2.2 Ma(Early Carboniferous).Geochemically,the granodiorite samples have Si O2= 60.54%-71.40%,Na2 O = 4.04%--4.66%,K2 O = 1.65%--4.27% and Mg O = 0.96%--3.53%,belonging to medium-K to high-K calc-alkaline I-type granites.They are slightly enriched in large ion lithophile elements(e.g.Rb,Th,U and K) and light rare earth elements,and depleted in high field strength elements(e.g.Nb,Ta and Ti),with εHf(t) values of 8.0--11.8 and Hf two-stage model ages of 586-829 Ma.All these geochemical features suggest that the primary magma was derived from partial melting of Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic newly accreted lower crust.According to the geochemical data and regional geological investigations,the Early Carboniferous granodiorites formed in an island arc setting linked to the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Oceanic Plate beneath the Xing'an Terrane.This also implies that the Xing'an and Songliao terranes have not amalgamated before the Early Carboniferous.

Discovery of the Indosinian aluminum A-type granite in Zhejiang Province and its geological significance

Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of the Jingju syenogranites in the southwestern part of Zhejiang Province shows that these rocks were crystallized in the Late Triassic at 215±2 Ma, rather than in the Cretaceous as previously proposed. The Jingju sy- enogranites are characterized by relatively high K2O and FeO＊, and low MgO. They have high concentrations of large ion lithophile elements （LIL） and LREE, such as K, Th, La, and Ce, but are depleted in high field strength elements （HFSE） such as Nb, Ta, and Ti. Their 104Ga/A1 ratios and （Zr＋Nb＋Ce＋Y） contents are also high. These characteristics are similar to those of A-type granites. The syenogranites have high Isr （0.7179-0.7203）, low eNa（t） （from --14.2 to --13.2）, and relatively old T2DM ages, similar to those of the ancient metamorphic basement in the Cathaysia Block. It is suggested that the Jingju syenogranites were formed by partial melting of the Cathaysia basement rocks during tectonic extension. This identification of Indosinian A-type granite in Jingju has significant implications for understanding the early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of South China.

The structural characteristics, age of origin, and tectonic attribute of the Erguna Fault, NE China

The Erguna Fault runs along the east bank of the Erguna River in NE China and is a large-scale ductile shear zone comprising granitic mylonites. This paper reports on the geometry, kinematic indicators, and 40Ar/39 Ar biotite ages of the granitic mylonites, to constrain the structural characteristics, forming age, and tectonic attribute of the Erguna ductile shear zone. The zone strikes NE and records a top-to-the-NW sense of shear. A mylonitic foliation and stretching lineation are well developed in the mylonites, which are classified as S-L tectonites. Logarithmic flinn parameters(1.18–2.35) indicate elongate strain which approximates to plane strain. Kinematic vorticity numbers are 0.42–0.92 and 0.48–0.94, based on the polar Mohr diagram and the oblique foliation in quartz ribbons, respectively, suggesting that the ductile shear zone formed under general shear, or a combination of simple and pure shear. According to finite strain and kinematic vorticity analyses, the Erguna Fault is a lengthening-thinning ductile shear zone that formed by extension. The deformation behavior of minerals in the mylonites indicates that the fault was the site of three stages of deformation: an initial stage of middle- to deep-level, high-temperature shear, a post-stress recovery phase of high-temperature static recrystallization, and a final phase of low-temperature uplift and cooling. The 40Ar/39 Ar plateau ages of biotite from the granitic mylonites are 106.16 ± 0.79 and 111.55 ± 0.67 Ma, which constrain the timing of low-temperature uplift and cooling but are younger than the ages of metamorphic core complexes(MCCs) in the Transbaikalia-northeast Mongolia region. Using measured geological sections, microtectonics, estimates of finite strain and kinematic vorticity, and regional correlations and geochronology, we conclude that the Erguna Fault is an Early Cretaceous, NNE-trending, large-scale, sub-horizontal, and extensional ductile shear zone. It shares a similar tectonic background with the MCCs, volcanic fault basins, and large and super-large volcanic-hydrothermal deposits in Transbaikalia-northeast Mongolia and the western Great Khingan Mountains, all of which are the result of overthickened crust that gravitationally collapsed and extended in the Early Cretaceous after plate collision along the present-day Sino-Russia-Mongolia border tract.

Emplacement age and tectonic implications of the brecciated limestone at the edge of the Longmenshan klippe

The Longmenshan thrust belt(LMTB) is one of the best natural laboratories for thin-skinned tectonics and has developed a series of NE-SW trending fold-and-thrust structures represented by a series of nappes and klippes, exemplified by the Tangbazi and Bailuding klippe. However, the timing and emplacement mechanism of these klippes are still in dispute. Three possible mechanisms have been proposed:(1) a Mesozoic-Cenozoic southeastward thrusting,(2) a Cenozoic gravity gliding, and(3) glacial deposition. Almost all of these klippes are tectonic and overlaid on folded Late Triassic sandstone except the Tangbazi klippe, which is located in the center of the LMTB and has a narrow tail extending southeastward and covering Jurassic-Quaternary rocks. This geometric relationship is considered the most important stratigraphic evidence to support the post-Cenozoic emplacement of the Longmenshan klippe. Our structural and petrological observations show that the rocks at the front of the Tangbazi and Bailuding structures are brecciated limestone, which is assumed to have been generated by a gravitational collapse and is not characteristic of the massive Permian strata. Artemisia pollen, which has been exclusively recognized in post-Late Eocene strata in Central Asia, was found in the matrix of this brecciated limestone. Therefore, our discovery indicates that the brecciated limestone was deposited after the Late Eocene rather than during the Permian as annotated on the geological map. In contrast, unbrecciated, massive Permian limestone overlaid on the folded Late Triassic rocks. Hence, the anomalous relationship of Permian strata overlaying Late Triassic rocks cannot be evidence of Cenozoic emplacement. According to currently recognized bulk strata relationships, we can only be sure that the klippe was emplaced in the post Late Triassic. The petrological characteristics of the brecciated limestone show that it was crumbled before the re-sedimentation of the breccia, implying that the LMTB might have experienced a rapid uplift during the Late Eocene.