构造“稳定”区强震长期预测的简便途径——以张北地震为例

作为强震长期预测基础的地震带、潜在震源区的划分,仍然依据地震构造类比和地震活动重复两原则。现有的强震长期预测方法在构造"稳定"区,即没有活动构造、没有历史地震(包括古地震)资料的条件下,无能为力。通过张北地震资料的分析,高精度地震定位并结合波形数据反演震源机制的结果表明:在稳定而统一的构造应力场的作用下,沿其最大剪切应力方向上的小地震集中成带,并且持续活动、震源机制的优势取向与应力场吻合,小震带便可以看作属于现今活动的震源断层,在地震长期预测工作中可以作为划分潜在震源区的依据。构造"稳定"区发生的强震属于新破裂。

吐哈盆地台北凹陷吉7 H井侏罗系致密砂岩油气藏勘探发现与启示

吐哈盆地致密砂岩气资源丰富,前期勘探仅在台北凹陷周缘正向构造带发现巴喀、温吉桑和米登等小型油气藏。在对烃源岩、沉积体系、储层条件及源储盖组合特征综合分析基础上,构建了台北凹陷源内致密砂岩油气成藏模式。研究认为,台北凹陷水西沟群纵向发育八道湾组煤岩、三工河组泥岩及西山窑组二段煤岩3套两类优质烃源岩,有机质丰度高、类型好,均达到成熟演化阶段,在凹陷区广泛发育;水西沟群发育西山窑组二段、西山窑组一段、三工河组和八道湾组一段多套储盖组合,西北部、北部和南部3个方向五大辫状河三角洲物源供给充足、满凹富砂,烃源岩层既生油气也可作为区域盖层,形成多层“三明治”式源储盖组合;凹陷区负向构造稳定、保存条件好、地层压力高、烃源岩成熟度高,具备形成源内大面积致密砂岩油气藏有利地质条件。按照“进源、进凹、水平井”思路钻探的吉7H水平井压裂后7mm油嘴放喷获得日产气51283m^(3)、日产油40.37m^(3)高产工业油气流,油藏类型为源内致密砂岩凝析气藏,开辟了吐哈盆地下凹勘探新领域,揭开了吐哈盆地二次勘探序幕。

Stability control of surrounding rocks for a coal roadway in a deep tectonic region

In order to effectively control the deformation and failure of surrounding rocks in a coal roadway in a deep tectonic region, the deformation and failure mechanism and stability control mechanism were studied. With such methods as numerical simulation and field testing, the distribution law of the displacement, stress and plastic zone in the surrounding rocks was analyzed. The deformation and failure mechanisms of coal roadways in deep tectonic areas were revealed: under high tectonic stress, two sides will slide along the roof or floor; while the plastic zone of the two sides will extend along the roof or floor,leading to more serious deformation and failure in the corner of two sides and the bolt supporting the corners is readily cut off by the shear force or tension force. Aimed at controlling the large slippage deformation of the two sides, serious deformation and failure in the corners of the two sides and massive bolt breakage, a ‘‘controlling and yielding coupling support'' control technology is proposed. Firstly, bolts which do not pass through the bedding plane should be used in the corners of the roadway, allowing the two sides to have some degree of sliding to achieve the purpose of ‘‘yielding'' support, and which avoid breakage of the bolts in the corner. After yielding support, bolts in the corner of the roadway and which pass through the bedding plane should be used to control the deformation and failure of the coal in the corner. ‘‘Controlling and yielding coupling support'' technology has been successfully applied in engineering practice, and the stability of deep coal roadway has been greatly improved.

浅谈铜场水库存在的几个问题

简要地论述了铜场水库存在的几个问题,如坝址处于构造不稳定区,上、下坝址的选择,下坝址处肘状弯曲并非断裂所致,以及下坝址右岸上游处SL2滑坡体稳定性。

The research and demonstration of some major geological problems of Three Gorges Project

The research process,main contents,methods and conclusions for some major engineering geological problems of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) are reviewed and introduced,including dam site selection,regional tectonic stability and seismic activity,stability of reservoir bank and reservoir-induced earthquake.Meanwhile,the above mentioned engineering geological problems are evaluated according to the preliminary test results since TGP operation and impoundment in 2003.

酒东盆地东北缘构造特征及对铀成矿作用的影响

通过对酒东中新生代盆地沉积构造演化、构造特征、新构造活动性强度及目的层后生改造等综合分析，确认盆地东北缘存在成矿有利的构造区；已知砂岩型铀矿化主要受构造抬升剥蚀区抬升带内抬升块的控制，铀矿体聚集在相对较大的抬升块内目的层箕状向斜构造翼部。认为潜水氧化带亚型和潜水-层间氧化带过渡亚型砂岩铀矿为该盆地的主攻找矿类型，相对抬升块的南缘目的层分布区是目标勘查区。