Defect engineering has become a promising approach to improve the performance of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts.Non-noble transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have shown significant promise as effective al...Defect engineering has become a promising approach to improve the performance of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts.Non-noble transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have shown significant promise as effective alternatives to traditional platinum-group catalysts,attracting considerable attention.However,the industrial application of TMCs in electrocatalytic hydrogen production necessitates further optimization to boost both catalytic activity and stability.This review comprehensively examines the types,fabrication methods,and characterization techniques of various defects that enhance catalytic HER activity.Key advancements include optimizing defect concentration and distribution,coupling heteroatoms with vacancies,and leveraging the synergy between bond lengths and defects.In-depth discussions highlight the electronic structure and catalytic mechanisms elucidated through in-situ characterization and density functional theory calculations.Additionally,future directions are identified,exploring novel defect types,emphasizing precision synthesis methods,industrial-scale preparation techniques,and strategies to enhance structural stability and understanding the in-depth catalytic mechanism.This review aims to inspire further research and development in defect-engineered HER catalysts,providing pathways for high efficiency and cost-effectiveness in hydrogen production.展开更多
单原子催化剂(single atom catalysts,SACs)由于其高催化活性、良好稳定性等优点,在电化学领域得到广泛研究。单原子催化剂不仅提供了研究催化反应机理的新见解与思路,还在均相与非均相催化反应连接方面起到了重要的作用。为了减少单原...单原子催化剂(single atom catalysts,SACs)由于其高催化活性、良好稳定性等优点,在电化学领域得到广泛研究。单原子催化剂不仅提供了研究催化反应机理的新见解与思路,还在均相与非均相催化反应连接方面起到了重要的作用。为了减少单原子催化剂在合成过程中出现聚集、原子利用率低等问题,总结和归纳了单原子催化剂的载体并介绍了单原子催化剂的合成方法;介绍了电催化析氢反应(hydrogen evolution reaction,HER)的机理;对于电催化析氢反应,重点介绍了Pt、Pd、Ru、Co、Mo、Ni金属单原子,单原子合金和非金属单原子在内的单原子催化剂的催化活性,并分析了其电催化性能提高的原因。结果表明,单原子催化剂的制备已经实现了从贵金属单原子催化剂向非贵金属单原子催化剂的演变。最后,还对单原子催化剂研究存在的问题进行了分析,并对单原子催化剂的发展前景做了展望。展开更多
文摘Defect engineering has become a promising approach to improve the performance of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts.Non-noble transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have shown significant promise as effective alternatives to traditional platinum-group catalysts,attracting considerable attention.However,the industrial application of TMCs in electrocatalytic hydrogen production necessitates further optimization to boost both catalytic activity and stability.This review comprehensively examines the types,fabrication methods,and characterization techniques of various defects that enhance catalytic HER activity.Key advancements include optimizing defect concentration and distribution,coupling heteroatoms with vacancies,and leveraging the synergy between bond lengths and defects.In-depth discussions highlight the electronic structure and catalytic mechanisms elucidated through in-situ characterization and density functional theory calculations.Additionally,future directions are identified,exploring novel defect types,emphasizing precision synthesis methods,industrial-scale preparation techniques,and strategies to enhance structural stability and understanding the in-depth catalytic mechanism.This review aims to inspire further research and development in defect-engineered HER catalysts,providing pathways for high efficiency and cost-effectiveness in hydrogen production.
文摘单原子催化剂(single atom catalysts,SACs)由于其高催化活性、良好稳定性等优点,在电化学领域得到广泛研究。单原子催化剂不仅提供了研究催化反应机理的新见解与思路,还在均相与非均相催化反应连接方面起到了重要的作用。为了减少单原子催化剂在合成过程中出现聚集、原子利用率低等问题,总结和归纳了单原子催化剂的载体并介绍了单原子催化剂的合成方法;介绍了电催化析氢反应(hydrogen evolution reaction,HER)的机理;对于电催化析氢反应,重点介绍了Pt、Pd、Ru、Co、Mo、Ni金属单原子,单原子合金和非金属单原子在内的单原子催化剂的催化活性,并分析了其电催化性能提高的原因。结果表明,单原子催化剂的制备已经实现了从贵金属单原子催化剂向非贵金属单原子催化剂的演变。最后,还对单原子催化剂研究存在的问题进行了分析,并对单原子催化剂的发展前景做了展望。
