The paper reports 8 species of 7 genera of Encyrtidae, i. e. Anagyrus pseudococci, Cheiloneurus ceroplastis, Dusmetia fascipennis, Homalotylus ephippium associated with scale insects on trees, Isodromus atriventris...The paper reports 8 species of 7 genera of Encyrtidae, i. e. Anagyrus pseudococci, Cheiloneurus ceroplastis, Dusmetia fascipennis, Homalotylus ephippium associated with scale insects on trees, Isodromus atriventris, Isodromus collimaculatus sp. nov., Ooencyrtus kuvanae associated with lacewing insects, and Syrphophagus aeruginosus , a parasitoid of Syrphids. All specimens are deposited in the Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.展开更多
Gastric ulcer is a common disorder in human at any ages. In this research, the antiulcer activity of wild honey produced by Apis dorsata, alone or in combination with Turmeric Rhizome, was evaluated in healing acute g...Gastric ulcer is a common disorder in human at any ages. In this research, the antiulcer activity of wild honey produced by Apis dorsata, alone or in combination with Turmeric Rhizome, was evaluated in healing acute gastric ulcer. Male Wistar albino rats(150–250 g) were induced ulcers with aspirin at 405 mg/kg BW and ethanol. Antiulcer evaluation was done based on the gastric acidity, numbers and diameter of ulcers, ulcer index, healing ratio, histological examinations, and body weight. The results showed that the groups given honey alone, turmeric alone, and combination of turmeric-honey displayed significant ulcer healing compared to the control group. Ulcers in the group administered with combination of turmeric-wild honey was different significantly from the turmeric alone and wild honey alone groups with increased body weight in that group. The result showed that wild honey(2125 mg/kg BW) had the greatest activity in healing ulcers among other groups. The combination of turmeric-wild honey had a good activity in healing ulcers and increased the body weight of the group.展开更多
Spatial and temporal variation in interactions between hummingbirds and plants have often been examined, and hummingbirds and insects are known to indirectly interact in networks of nectar plants. In a highland temper...Spatial and temporal variation in interactions between hummingbirds and plants have often been examined, and hummingbirds and insects are known to indirectly interact in networks of nectar plants. In a highland temperate forest in Hidalgo, Mexico some oak trees were heavily infested by honeydew-producing insects （family Margarodidae, tribe Xylococcini, genus Strigmacoccus） and the honeydew was consumed by hummingbirds. Here using survival analysis we investigate how the honey- dew produced by dense populations of these margarodids is temporally and spatially partitioned by hummingbirds. We also measured the availability and quality of honeydew exudates, and then we recorded the time until a bird visited and used such re- sources. Four hummingbird species consumed this resource （Atthis eloisa, Hylocharis leucotis, Colibri thalassinus and Eugenes fulgens）. Data from 294 hours of observation on seven focal trees suggested temporal and spatial segregation among visiting birds according to body size and territorial behavior during the most honeydew-limited time. Hummingbird species differed in the dally times they foraged, as well as in the location where honeydew-producing insects were visited on the trees. Temporal and spatial segregation among hummingbird species is interpreted as an adaptation to reduce the risk of aggressive encounters. This may facilitate multispecies coexistence and allow these birds to exploit honeydew more effectively展开更多
基金Project funded by National Fund of Natural Science P.R.China!No.39970 620
文摘The paper reports 8 species of 7 genera of Encyrtidae, i. e. Anagyrus pseudococci, Cheiloneurus ceroplastis, Dusmetia fascipennis, Homalotylus ephippium associated with scale insects on trees, Isodromus atriventris, Isodromus collimaculatus sp. nov., Ooencyrtus kuvanae associated with lacewing insects, and Syrphophagus aeruginosus , a parasitoid of Syrphids. All specimens are deposited in the Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
文摘Gastric ulcer is a common disorder in human at any ages. In this research, the antiulcer activity of wild honey produced by Apis dorsata, alone or in combination with Turmeric Rhizome, was evaluated in healing acute gastric ulcer. Male Wistar albino rats(150–250 g) were induced ulcers with aspirin at 405 mg/kg BW and ethanol. Antiulcer evaluation was done based on the gastric acidity, numbers and diameter of ulcers, ulcer index, healing ratio, histological examinations, and body weight. The results showed that the groups given honey alone, turmeric alone, and combination of turmeric-honey displayed significant ulcer healing compared to the control group. Ulcers in the group administered with combination of turmeric-wild honey was different significantly from the turmeric alone and wild honey alone groups with increased body weight in that group. The result showed that wild honey(2125 mg/kg BW) had the greatest activity in healing ulcers among other groups. The combination of turmeric-wild honey had a good activity in healing ulcers and increased the body weight of the group.
文摘Spatial and temporal variation in interactions between hummingbirds and plants have often been examined, and hummingbirds and insects are known to indirectly interact in networks of nectar plants. In a highland temperate forest in Hidalgo, Mexico some oak trees were heavily infested by honeydew-producing insects （family Margarodidae, tribe Xylococcini, genus Strigmacoccus） and the honeydew was consumed by hummingbirds. Here using survival analysis we investigate how the honey- dew produced by dense populations of these margarodids is temporally and spatially partitioned by hummingbirds. We also measured the availability and quality of honeydew exudates, and then we recorded the time until a bird visited and used such re- sources. Four hummingbird species consumed this resource （Atthis eloisa, Hylocharis leucotis, Colibri thalassinus and Eugenes fulgens）. Data from 294 hours of observation on seven focal trees suggested temporal and spatial segregation among visiting birds according to body size and territorial behavior during the most honeydew-limited time. Hummingbird species differed in the dally times they foraged, as well as in the location where honeydew-producing insects were visited on the trees. Temporal and spatial segregation among hummingbird species is interpreted as an adaptation to reduce the risk of aggressive encounters. This may facilitate multispecies coexistence and allow these birds to exploit honeydew more effectively
