The authors designed an ecological storm water system in a residential area to replace the conventional underground channels for the collection of storm water so as to reduce the nutrients and sediments discharged. Th...The authors designed an ecological storm water system in a residential area to replace the conventional underground channels for the collection of storm water so as to reduce the nutrients and sediments discharged. This system contains natural sub-creeks as drainage channels discharging overflow to nearby creeks, an open green trench, a storage pond, and natural sub-creeks. The sub -creeks were designed to be integrated into community landscape, which not only increases the efficiency of water usage, but also improves the aesthetic qualities of the community residence area as required by Agenda 21. This research proved the feasibility of an open storm water collection and utilization system for the design of a community water system.展开更多
The road effect on small rodent population is investigated at 8 fragmented forest areas in the Baekdudaegan mountain range, South Korea in September 2001. We especially focused on the distribution and body condition o...The road effect on small rodent population is investigated at 8 fragmented forest areas in the Baekdudaegan mountain range, South Korea in September 2001. We especially focused on the distribution and body condition of small rodents near the roads. Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) seems to be more sensitive to the existence of a road than striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius). Korean field mouse prefers interior forest area to around road. Striped field mouse is a habitat generalist and has wide distributional range around road, but Korean field mouse is forest-inhabiting species and their distribution is limited in forest area. These results suggest the effect of road is different on each small rodent species and their habitat preferences.展开更多
Decapod crustaceans are one of the dominant faunal components of most tropical streams. However, several aspects concerning their biology and ecology are poorly known, especially in intertropical Africa. The aim of th...Decapod crustaceans are one of the dominant faunal components of most tropical streams. However, several aspects concerning their biology and ecology are poorly known, especially in intertropical Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of the atyid shrimps in Masanga Mabe, an equatorial lowland forest stream of Kisangani region. Samplings were undertaken biweekly from September 2000 to August 2003 with Surber net in four study sites. A total of 14,878 atyid shrimps specimens were sampled, measured for carapace length, weighted and identified. Atyid production was estimated by size frequency method according to sites （1, 2 and 3）. Atyid composition showed the existence of two species： C africana （Caridina africana） Kingsley 1882 and C togoensis （Caridina togoensis） Hilgendorf 1893. Specific production ranged from 1.35 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 （grams dry mass per square meter per year） to 8.4 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 for C. africana and 0.95 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 to 4.55 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 for C togoensis. Mean annual P/B ratios varied from 3.89 year1 to 4.37 year1 for C africana and from 3.83 year^-1 to 3.98 year^-1 for C togoensis.展开更多
Poultry and eggs are nutritious and healthy foods that contain high-quality proteins and low levels of fat compared with other meats. Recent studies have shown that poultry performance is closely associated with colon...Poultry and eggs are nutritious and healthy foods that contain high-quality proteins and low levels of fat compared with other meats. Recent studies have shown that poultry performance is closely associated with colonic health. Antibiotics are commonly used in the poultry industry to control diseases and enhance survival rates. However, antibiotic use can also result in host gut dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. Such imbalances compromise poultry health and growth performance. Thus, our study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus(L.) plantarum P-8 on the gut microbiome of chickens co-inoculated with the antibiotic lincomycin. Principal coordinate analysis showed that L. plantarum P-8 treatment shifted the faecal bacterial population structure. At the metagenomic level, the Clusters of Orthologous Groups(COGs) functional categories of P, C, N and A were overrepresented in the probiotic group. Additionally, the relative gene abundances of metabolic pathways involved in flagellar assembly,bacterial chemotaxis, nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism, cofactor and vitamin biosynthesis were also higher in the probiotic group than the control; in contrast genes related to galactose degradation,carbon fixation, multiple sugar transport systems and ribosomes were underrepresented in the probiotic group. Our data suggest that feeding L. plantarum P-8 has the potential to improve metabolic activity and nutrient utilization of poultry. Furthermore, the faecal antibiotic resistomes of the two groups could be separated using principal components analysis, indicating that the probiotic treatment may modulate the intestinal antibiotic resistance gene pool by changing the population structure of the gut microbiota.This study has provided interesting insights into the application of probiotics in the poultry industry.展开更多
Aims Seed dispersal by endozoochory is an important process in plant regeneration and the establishment of new populations.Seeds with dormancy may especially benefit after disperser gut passage.However,the ways in whi...Aims Seed dispersal by endozoochory is an important process in plant regeneration and the establishment of new populations.Seeds with dormancy may especially benefit after disperser gut passage.However,the ways in which gut passage affect the germination of plant species with physiological dormancy remain unclear.Here,we experimentally assessed the mutualistic interaction between the Austral parakeet(Enicognathus ferrugineus)as a disperser of calafate(Berberis microphylla),a thorny bush inhabiting the understory of the Austral temperate forests of South America with seeds that are characterized by deep physiological dormancy.Methods Germination success and viability of calafate seeds obtained from faeces and from intact fruits were tested under four treatments:(i)digested seeds,(ii)digested seeds with faecal extract,(iii)intact seeds from fruit and(iv)intact seeds from fruit with pulp.Important Findings About 65%of the Austral parakeet droppings contained calafate seeds.Viability of seeds did not differ between treatments.However,germination was significantly higher in digested seeds than in intact seeds from fruits,while no difference was found between faecal and pulp extracts.Neither faecal matter nor fruit pulp provided seeds with any ecological advantages derived from enhancing germinability,but did confer some disadvantage in germination time.Faecal matter is expected to be completely lacking around seeds after several months under snow before germinating in the following spring,given intense washing due to persistent rain and the spring thaw in the Patagonian Andes.The higher germinability along with faster germination of digested seeds supports the hypothesis of a legitimate mutualistic interaction between Austral parakeets and calafate.We hypothesized that the passage through the disperser digestive tract might break physiological dormancy as differences in germinability between ingested and non-ingested seeds.Our results highlight the relevant role of endozoochory in plant species with physiological dormancy living in highly seasonal environments.展开更多
This article grasps the implication of ecology based on thetheory ofgreenway. With the purposeofmaking Zhejiang Provincebecomeanecological province,itpointsoutthattheproblems exist in the greenway construction and mak...This article grasps the implication of ecology based on thetheory ofgreenway. With the purposeofmaking Zhejiang Provincebecomeanecological province,itpointsoutthattheproblems exist in the greenway construction and makes it clear that the greenway construction is very important. Furthermore, in combination with the linear green open spaces, such as greening passages, touristareas, and administration facilitiesin Zhejiang Province, this article putsforward the strategic ideas of the greenways construction and the strategies, measures to apply the greenways construction.展开更多
文摘The authors designed an ecological storm water system in a residential area to replace the conventional underground channels for the collection of storm water so as to reduce the nutrients and sediments discharged. This system contains natural sub-creeks as drainage channels discharging overflow to nearby creeks, an open green trench, a storage pond, and natural sub-creeks. The sub -creeks were designed to be integrated into community landscape, which not only increases the efficiency of water usage, but also improves the aesthetic qualities of the community residence area as required by Agenda 21. This research proved the feasibility of an open storm water collection and utilization system for the design of a community water system.
文摘The road effect on small rodent population is investigated at 8 fragmented forest areas in the Baekdudaegan mountain range, South Korea in September 2001. We especially focused on the distribution and body condition of small rodents near the roads. Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) seems to be more sensitive to the existence of a road than striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius). Korean field mouse prefers interior forest area to around road. Striped field mouse is a habitat generalist and has wide distributional range around road, but Korean field mouse is forest-inhabiting species and their distribution is limited in forest area. These results suggest the effect of road is different on each small rodent species and their habitat preferences.
文摘Decapod crustaceans are one of the dominant faunal components of most tropical streams. However, several aspects concerning their biology and ecology are poorly known, especially in intertropical Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of the atyid shrimps in Masanga Mabe, an equatorial lowland forest stream of Kisangani region. Samplings were undertaken biweekly from September 2000 to August 2003 with Surber net in four study sites. A total of 14,878 atyid shrimps specimens were sampled, measured for carapace length, weighted and identified. Atyid production was estimated by size frequency method according to sites （1, 2 and 3）. Atyid composition showed the existence of two species： C africana （Caridina africana） Kingsley 1882 and C togoensis （Caridina togoensis） Hilgendorf 1893. Specific production ranged from 1.35 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 （grams dry mass per square meter per year） to 8.4 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 for C. africana and 0.95 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 to 4.55 g·DM·m^-2-year^-1 for C togoensis. Mean annual P/B ratios varied from 3.89 year1 to 4.37 year1 for C africana and from 3.83 year^-1 to 3.98 year^-1 for C togoensis.
文摘Poultry and eggs are nutritious and healthy foods that contain high-quality proteins and low levels of fat compared with other meats. Recent studies have shown that poultry performance is closely associated with colonic health. Antibiotics are commonly used in the poultry industry to control diseases and enhance survival rates. However, antibiotic use can also result in host gut dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. Such imbalances compromise poultry health and growth performance. Thus, our study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus(L.) plantarum P-8 on the gut microbiome of chickens co-inoculated with the antibiotic lincomycin. Principal coordinate analysis showed that L. plantarum P-8 treatment shifted the faecal bacterial population structure. At the metagenomic level, the Clusters of Orthologous Groups(COGs) functional categories of P, C, N and A were overrepresented in the probiotic group. Additionally, the relative gene abundances of metabolic pathways involved in flagellar assembly,bacterial chemotaxis, nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism, cofactor and vitamin biosynthesis were also higher in the probiotic group than the control; in contrast genes related to galactose degradation,carbon fixation, multiple sugar transport systems and ribosomes were underrepresented in the probiotic group. Our data suggest that feeding L. plantarum P-8 has the potential to improve metabolic activity and nutrient utilization of poultry. Furthermore, the faecal antibiotic resistomes of the two groups could be separated using principal components analysis, indicating that the probiotic treatment may modulate the intestinal antibiotic resistance gene pool by changing the population structure of the gut microbiota.This study has provided interesting insights into the application of probiotics in the poultry industry.
基金K.S.and S.A.L.were funded by the projects PICT 2015-2072 and PICT 2018-1623.
文摘Aims Seed dispersal by endozoochory is an important process in plant regeneration and the establishment of new populations.Seeds with dormancy may especially benefit after disperser gut passage.However,the ways in which gut passage affect the germination of plant species with physiological dormancy remain unclear.Here,we experimentally assessed the mutualistic interaction between the Austral parakeet(Enicognathus ferrugineus)as a disperser of calafate(Berberis microphylla),a thorny bush inhabiting the understory of the Austral temperate forests of South America with seeds that are characterized by deep physiological dormancy.Methods Germination success and viability of calafate seeds obtained from faeces and from intact fruits were tested under four treatments:(i)digested seeds,(ii)digested seeds with faecal extract,(iii)intact seeds from fruit and(iv)intact seeds from fruit with pulp.Important Findings About 65%of the Austral parakeet droppings contained calafate seeds.Viability of seeds did not differ between treatments.However,germination was significantly higher in digested seeds than in intact seeds from fruits,while no difference was found between faecal and pulp extracts.Neither faecal matter nor fruit pulp provided seeds with any ecological advantages derived from enhancing germinability,but did confer some disadvantage in germination time.Faecal matter is expected to be completely lacking around seeds after several months under snow before germinating in the following spring,given intense washing due to persistent rain and the spring thaw in the Patagonian Andes.The higher germinability along with faster germination of digested seeds supports the hypothesis of a legitimate mutualistic interaction between Austral parakeets and calafate.We hypothesized that the passage through the disperser digestive tract might break physiological dormancy as differences in germinability between ingested and non-ingested seeds.Our results highlight the relevant role of endozoochory in plant species with physiological dormancy living in highly seasonal environments.
文摘This article grasps the implication of ecology based on thetheory ofgreenway. With the purposeofmaking Zhejiang Provincebecomeanecological province,itpointsoutthattheproblems exist in the greenway construction and makes it clear that the greenway construction is very important. Furthermore, in combination with the linear green open spaces, such as greening passages, touristareas, and administration facilitiesin Zhejiang Province, this article putsforward the strategic ideas of the greenways construction and the strategies, measures to apply the greenways construction.
