Polygalacturonase (PG,EC3.2.1.15) is the key cell wall hydrolase in fruit ripening. The identification and characterization of a full length cDNA (pMT18) encoding for PG from Feicheng peach (Prunus persica (L.) Bat...Polygalacturonase (PG,EC3.2.1.15) is the key cell wall hydrolase in fruit ripening. The identification and characterization of a full length cDNA (pMT18) encoding for PG from Feicheng peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Feicheng) is described. The pMT18 clone is 1188 bp in length, with an open reading frame of 393 amino acids. The homology and phylogenetic analyses indicate a remarkable similarity between peach PG and other ripening related PG. And seven consensus sequences have revealed in peach PG compared to the PG from other plants. However, the profound divergence with other PG and the unique structure features suggest that peach PG probably belongs to a new evolutionary class. In RT PCR analysis, pMT18 related RNA was undetectable in leaves, and was much abundant in ripe fruits. The ripening specific expression pattern of this cDNA will be useful in investigating the roles of PG in fruit ripening and developing a transgenic peach with the improved post harvesting quality in the future.展开更多
AIM: To compare the efficacy of probiotic preparation Golden Bifid and lactulose on rat experimental model of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) induced by thioactamide (TAA).METHODS: MHE was induced by intraperiton...AIM: To compare the efficacy of probiotic preparation Golden Bifid and lactulose on rat experimental model of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) induced by thioactamide (TAA).METHODS: MHE was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (200 mg/kg) every 24 h for two consecutive days.Thirty-six male MHE models were then randomly divided into 3 groups: TAA group (n = 12) received tap water ad libitum only; lactulose group (n = 12) and probiotics group (n = 12) were gavaged, respectively with 8 mL/kg of lactulose and 1.5 g/kg of probiotic preparation Golden Bifid (highly concentrated combination of probiotic)dissolved in 2 mL of normal saline, once a day for 8 d (from the 5th d before the experiment to the 3rd d of the experiment). The latency of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) I was used as an objective index of MHE. The incidence of MHE, the level of serum endotoxin,ammonia, liver function and histological grade of hepatic injury of rats were examined individually.RESULTS: There were no overt HE and rat deaths in 3groups. The incidence of MHE, the levels of blood ammonia and endotoxin in TAA group, which were 83.3% (10/12),168.33±15.44 mg/dL and 0.36±0.04 EU/mL, respectively,were significantly higher than those in lactulose group,which were 33.3% (4/12), 110.25±7.39 mg/dL and 0.19±0.02 EU/mL, and probiotics group, which were 33.3% (4/12), 108.58±10.24 mg/dL and 0.13±0.03 EU/mL respectively (P ＜0.001). It showed that either probiotics or lactulose could significantly lower the level of hyperammonemia and hyper-endotoxemia, lighten centrolobular necrotic areas as well as inflammatory reaction in the liver of rats, normalize the latency of BAEP,and decrease the incidence of MHE. However, no significant differences were observed between these two groups (P ＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Probiotic compound Golden Bifid is at least as useful as lactulose for the prevention and treatment of MHE. Probiotic therapy may be a safe, natural, well-tolerated therapy appropriate for the long-term treatment of MHE.展开更多
Assessment of digestion colonic flora lactulose can be induced to produce hydrogen and prove lactulose with a potential anti-inflammatory effects. Methods： We established a mouse model of human ulcerative colitis （U...Assessment of digestion colonic flora lactulose can be induced to produce hydrogen and prove lactulose with a potential anti-inflammatory effects. Methods： We established a mouse model of human ulcerative colitis （UC） by supplying mice with water containing dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）. At 7-day, DSS-induced pathogenic outcomes, including loss of body weight, increase of colitis score, pathogenic shortening of colon length, elevated level of TNF-ct, IL-lβ, malondialdehyde （MDA） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） deficiency in colon lesions, were significantly suppressed by lactulose administration and intraperitoneally injected hydrogen water. Results： After eliminating colon microflora by antibiotics, the anti-inflammatory effects of lactulose were significantly compromised. Histological analysis also revealed that the DSS mediated colonic tissue destruction accompanied by neutrophils infiltration was remarkably suppressed by lactulose and hydrogen water. Conclusion：The present study indicated that lactulose can prevent the development of DSS-induced colitis and alleviate oxidative stress state in colitis.展开更多
Objective： To observe the differences in therapeutic effects of acupuncture and lactulose oral solution on constipation after stroke. Method： Sixty patients with constipation after stroke were divided into an acupun...Objective： To observe the differences in therapeutic effects of acupuncture and lactulose oral solution on constipation after stroke. Method： Sixty patients with constipation after stroke were divided into an acupuncture group and a western medicine group by a random number method, with 30 cases in each group. Based on the the conventional treatment and rehabilitation for function recovery, the acupuncture group was treated at the selected the bilateral acupoints： Daheng （SP15）, Fujie （SP14）, Zhigou （TE6）, Zhaohai （KI6）, Yingxiang （LI20）, and Shaoshang （LU11） while the western medicine group was treated with 30 ml of lactulose oral solution. The clinical symptoms score and clinical efficacy of the treatment provided for constipation in both groups were recorded pre-treatment, at one week of treatment, after treatment for two weeks, and one month after discharge respectively. Results： The clinical symptom scores of constipation in the two groups after one week of treatment, two weeks of treatment, and one month of treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment （P 〈 0.001）. The treatment efficacy in the acupuncture group showed significant improvement when compared with the western medicine group, at one week, two weeks and one month （1.03 ± 1.19 vs 1.43 ± 1.19, P 〉 0.05 ; 0.73 ± 1.01 vs 1.33 ± 1.18, P 〈 0.05; 0.53 ± 0.82 vs 1.27 ± 1.14, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. The efficacy rate was statistically significant at two weeks after treatment and one month after follow-up （86.67% vs 70%,P 〈 0.05; 93.33% vs 73.33%, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. Conclusion： The short-term and long-term efficacy of acupuncture on constipation after stroke is better thanthat of treatment with lactulose oral solution. This method is safe, free of side effects, durable, has high feasibility, and is suitable for clinical application.展开更多
Emulsifying properties of bitter orange （Citrus aurantium） juice-olive oil salad dressings stabilized with different polysaccharides were investigated. Oil-in-water emulsions （50：50, v/v） were prepared with bitte...Emulsifying properties of bitter orange （Citrus aurantium） juice-olive oil salad dressings stabilized with different polysaccharides were investigated. Oil-in-water emulsions （50：50, v/v） were prepared with bitter orange juice-olive oil in the presence of various concentrations （0.1%-1.0%, w/v） of pectin or guar gum or iota-（t-）carrageenan and then these emulsions were homogenized. Emulsion activity index （EAI） and emulsion stability index （ESI） were determined spectrophotometrically by measuring time-dependent changes in turbidity. Creaming stability of emulsions was followed by visual observation of serum layer with respect to time. Microstructures of emulsions were examined by using polarized light microscopy. The addition of polysaccharides improved emulsion stability and emulsions containing higher amounts of polysaccharide were more stable against creaming. Microscopic observations showed that emulsions containing polysaccharides had small droplets as compared to that of emulsions without polysaccharides and emulsions were flocculated due to the presence of polysaccharides. Larger droplets and creaming were observed when the polysaccharide concentration was not sufficient for coverage.展开更多
L-（＋）-lactic acid production was studied by immobilized Lactobacillus rhamnosus T1STR108 on crude pectin from Krung Kha Mao Leaves. Central composite design was employed to determine the maximum lactic acid product...L-（＋）-lactic acid production was studied by immobilized Lactobacillus rhamnosus T1STR108 on crude pectin from Krung Kha Mao Leaves. Central composite design was employed to determine the maximum lactic acid production of 42.88 g L-1 in predicted model with the factors at 4.11 g L1 of pectin, 6.05 mLLl inoculum and 1.09 mm of bead diameter. Statistical analyses demonstrated very high significance for the regression model, since the F-value computed 116.09 was much higher than the tabulated F-value 2.08 for the lactic acid production at 5% level for linear and quadratic polynomial regression models. The highest experimental lactic acid production was 43.57 g L^-1 at 96 h of fermentation, 1.58% higher than the predicted value.展开更多
文摘Polygalacturonase (PG,EC3.2.1.15) is the key cell wall hydrolase in fruit ripening. The identification and characterization of a full length cDNA (pMT18) encoding for PG from Feicheng peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Feicheng) is described. The pMT18 clone is 1188 bp in length, with an open reading frame of 393 amino acids. The homology and phylogenetic analyses indicate a remarkable similarity between peach PG and other ripening related PG. And seven consensus sequences have revealed in peach PG compared to the PG from other plants. However, the profound divergence with other PG and the unique structure features suggest that peach PG probably belongs to a new evolutionary class. In RT PCR analysis, pMT18 related RNA was undetectable in leaves, and was much abundant in ripe fruits. The ripening specific expression pattern of this cDNA will be useful in investigating the roles of PG in fruit ripening and developing a transgenic peach with the improved post harvesting quality in the future.
文摘AIM: To compare the efficacy of probiotic preparation Golden Bifid and lactulose on rat experimental model of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) induced by thioactamide (TAA).METHODS: MHE was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (200 mg/kg) every 24 h for two consecutive days.Thirty-six male MHE models were then randomly divided into 3 groups: TAA group (n = 12) received tap water ad libitum only; lactulose group (n = 12) and probiotics group (n = 12) were gavaged, respectively with 8 mL/kg of lactulose and 1.5 g/kg of probiotic preparation Golden Bifid (highly concentrated combination of probiotic)dissolved in 2 mL of normal saline, once a day for 8 d (from the 5th d before the experiment to the 3rd d of the experiment). The latency of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) I was used as an objective index of MHE. The incidence of MHE, the level of serum endotoxin,ammonia, liver function and histological grade of hepatic injury of rats were examined individually.RESULTS: There were no overt HE and rat deaths in 3groups. The incidence of MHE, the levels of blood ammonia and endotoxin in TAA group, which were 83.3% (10/12),168.33±15.44 mg/dL and 0.36±0.04 EU/mL, respectively,were significantly higher than those in lactulose group,which were 33.3% (4/12), 110.25±7.39 mg/dL and 0.19±0.02 EU/mL, and probiotics group, which were 33.3% (4/12), 108.58±10.24 mg/dL and 0.13±0.03 EU/mL respectively (P ＜0.001). It showed that either probiotics or lactulose could significantly lower the level of hyperammonemia and hyper-endotoxemia, lighten centrolobular necrotic areas as well as inflammatory reaction in the liver of rats, normalize the latency of BAEP,and decrease the incidence of MHE. However, no significant differences were observed between these two groups (P ＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Probiotic compound Golden Bifid is at least as useful as lactulose for the prevention and treatment of MHE. Probiotic therapy may be a safe, natural, well-tolerated therapy appropriate for the long-term treatment of MHE.
基金Supported by Creativity and Innovation Training Program of Second Military Medical University(ZD2010009)
文摘Assessment of digestion colonic flora lactulose can be induced to produce hydrogen and prove lactulose with a potential anti-inflammatory effects. Methods： We established a mouse model of human ulcerative colitis （UC） by supplying mice with water containing dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）. At 7-day, DSS-induced pathogenic outcomes, including loss of body weight, increase of colitis score, pathogenic shortening of colon length, elevated level of TNF-ct, IL-lβ, malondialdehyde （MDA） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） deficiency in colon lesions, were significantly suppressed by lactulose administration and intraperitoneally injected hydrogen water. Results： After eliminating colon microflora by antibiotics, the anti-inflammatory effects of lactulose were significantly compromised. Histological analysis also revealed that the DSS mediated colonic tissue destruction accompanied by neutrophils infiltration was remarkably suppressed by lactulose and hydrogen water. Conclusion：The present study indicated that lactulose can prevent the development of DSS-induced colitis and alleviate oxidative stress state in colitis.
文摘Objective： To observe the differences in therapeutic effects of acupuncture and lactulose oral solution on constipation after stroke. Method： Sixty patients with constipation after stroke were divided into an acupuncture group and a western medicine group by a random number method, with 30 cases in each group. Based on the the conventional treatment and rehabilitation for function recovery, the acupuncture group was treated at the selected the bilateral acupoints： Daheng （SP15）, Fujie （SP14）, Zhigou （TE6）, Zhaohai （KI6）, Yingxiang （LI20）, and Shaoshang （LU11） while the western medicine group was treated with 30 ml of lactulose oral solution. The clinical symptoms score and clinical efficacy of the treatment provided for constipation in both groups were recorded pre-treatment, at one week of treatment, after treatment for two weeks, and one month after discharge respectively. Results： The clinical symptom scores of constipation in the two groups after one week of treatment, two weeks of treatment, and one month of treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment （P 〈 0.001）. The treatment efficacy in the acupuncture group showed significant improvement when compared with the western medicine group, at one week, two weeks and one month （1.03 ± 1.19 vs 1.43 ± 1.19, P 〉 0.05 ; 0.73 ± 1.01 vs 1.33 ± 1.18, P 〈 0.05; 0.53 ± 0.82 vs 1.27 ± 1.14, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. The efficacy rate was statistically significant at two weeks after treatment and one month after follow-up （86.67% vs 70%,P 〈 0.05; 93.33% vs 73.33%, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. Conclusion： The short-term and long-term efficacy of acupuncture on constipation after stroke is better thanthat of treatment with lactulose oral solution. This method is safe, free of side effects, durable, has high feasibility, and is suitable for clinical application.
文摘Emulsifying properties of bitter orange （Citrus aurantium） juice-olive oil salad dressings stabilized with different polysaccharides were investigated. Oil-in-water emulsions （50：50, v/v） were prepared with bitter orange juice-olive oil in the presence of various concentrations （0.1%-1.0%, w/v） of pectin or guar gum or iota-（t-）carrageenan and then these emulsions were homogenized. Emulsion activity index （EAI） and emulsion stability index （ESI） were determined spectrophotometrically by measuring time-dependent changes in turbidity. Creaming stability of emulsions was followed by visual observation of serum layer with respect to time. Microstructures of emulsions were examined by using polarized light microscopy. The addition of polysaccharides improved emulsion stability and emulsions containing higher amounts of polysaccharide were more stable against creaming. Microscopic observations showed that emulsions containing polysaccharides had small droplets as compared to that of emulsions without polysaccharides and emulsions were flocculated due to the presence of polysaccharides. Larger droplets and creaming were observed when the polysaccharide concentration was not sufficient for coverage.
文摘L-（＋）-lactic acid production was studied by immobilized Lactobacillus rhamnosus T1STR108 on crude pectin from Krung Kha Mao Leaves. Central composite design was employed to determine the maximum lactic acid production of 42.88 g L-1 in predicted model with the factors at 4.11 g L1 of pectin, 6.05 mLLl inoculum and 1.09 mm of bead diameter. Statistical analyses demonstrated very high significance for the regression model, since the F-value computed 116.09 was much higher than the tabulated F-value 2.08 for the lactic acid production at 5% level for linear and quadratic polynomial regression models. The highest experimental lactic acid production was 43.57 g L^-1 at 96 h of fermentation, 1.58% higher than the predicted value.
