Research on Crown Grafting of Seedling Cashew Trees

Objective] The study was aimed to improve the yield and quality of cashew. [Method] Through the comparative analysis, the survival rate, new germi-nation and yield characteristics of the cutting stems with different heights by stem grafting and bark grafting. [Result] The best cutting stem height of cashew should be in 100-150 cm, when the number of new germinated shoots was 85.5-87.7. Stem grafting could significantly improve the survival rate of the shooting branch （92.7%）, growth condition of which was better than that of bark grafting, and it also had no clip cortex. The yield of stem grafting was significantly higher than that of bark grafting, and it could reach up to 18.1 kg/plant in 4 years. The branches from stem grafting had significantly better ability in resisting the wind damage than those from bark grafting. [Conclusion] The study provided references for the crown grafting of cashew planting in China.

三相异步电动机定子绕组接地故障的检修

一、定子绕组接地产生的现象 电机绕组过热,电机无法运行,机壳带电等。 二、查找办法 1.用灯泡检查 先把绕组各相的联接片拆开,然后将220V交流电源接入某相绕组,中间串入与电源电压相同的40～100W的灯泡,将零线接在电机外壳上。

Residual current compensation for single-phase grounding fault in coal mine power network

The way of neutral point to earth via full compensation arc suppression coil can solve the problem of residual current compensation in coal mine power network effectively. Based on the analysis on the grounding current detection results of Xieqiao coal mine, the conclusion that harmonic component of grounding current is dominated by higher harmonics with complex harmonic sources in coal mine power network system was obtained. The influences of harmonic source type and fault point position on harmonic voltage and harmonic current were analyzed theoretically. The influences of earthed fault feeder detection result and the estimation errors of parameters to earth on residual current compensation were analyzed. A new thought of residual current prediction and the selections of model method and control method were proposed on this basis. The simulation results prove that harmonic amplitudes of zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current are determined by harmonic source type as well as fault point position in coal mine power network, and also prove that zero sequence voltage detection can avoid the unstable problem of coal mine power network system caused by undercompensation of capacitive current. Finally, the experimental device of full compensation arc suppression coil is introduced.

Comparison of three different recombinant hepatitis B vaccines:GeneVac-B,Engerix B and Shanvac B in high risk infants born to HBsAg positive mothers in India

AIM： To evaluate a low cost Indian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine GeneVac-B for its immunogenicity and safety in comparison to Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine in high risk newborn infants born to （hepatitis B surface antigen） HBsAg positive mothers.METHODS： A total of 158 infants were enrolled in the study. Fifty eight infants were enrolled in the GeneVac-B group while 50 each were included for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups. A three-dose regimen of vaccination; at birth （within 24 h of birth）, 1st mo and 6 too. were adopted with 10 μg dosage administered uniformly in all the three groups. Clinical and immunological parameters were assessed for safety and immunogenicity of the vaccines, in all the enrolled infants.RESULTS： Successful follow up until seven months of age was achieved in 83% （48/58） for GeneVac-B, 76% （38/50） and 64% （32/50） for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups respectively. 100% seroconversion and seroprotection was achieved in all the three groups of infants. The geometric mean titers of anti-HBs one month after the completion of three dose of vaccination were 90.5, 80.9 and 72.5 mTU/mL in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine group respectively. Furthermore the level of anti-HBs increases with age of babies who were born to HBsAg positive mothers. The GMT values of anti-HBs were 226.7, 193.9 and 173.6 mIU/mL respectively in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B groups one year after the completion of the three doses of vaccine. No systemic reactions were reported in infants during the entire vaccination process of GeneVac-B and the other two vaccines. Clinical safety parameters remained within the normal limits throughout the study period.CONCLUSION： The study concludes that there is no significant difference between the three recombinant hepatitis B vaccines. Administration of these vaccines within 24 h of birth to babies, born to HBsAg positive mothers will reduce the incidence of HBV infection.

Improvement of the efficacy of influenza vaccination (H5N1) in chicken by using extract of Cochinchina momordica seed (ECMS)

Seeds of a Chinese traditional medicine plant, Cochinchina momordica were used in the present study for the improvement of influenza vaccine （HSN 1） in chicken. Crude extraction from Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS） was obtained by ethanol extraction method. In experiment No. 1, two weeks old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine （HSN1） alone or combined with ECMS （5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/dose）. Serum IgG antibody levels （by ELISA） as well as effects on dally weight gain were measured on 0, 7, 14 and 28th day after immunization. Results revealed that all ECMS groups numerically increased the antibody levels while 10 and 20 μg/dose groups significantly （P〈0.05） enhanced total IgG antibody on day 28, when compared with control. Average daily weight gain was also significantly higher in 20 μg/dose ECMS group. Adjuvant effect was also confirmed in experiment No. 2 when chickens were immunized with 20 μg/dose ECMS and antibody titer was measured through hemagglutination inhibition （HI）. It is concluded that ECMS has potential to improve the immune responses and deserve further study as an adjuvant.

A sink moving scheme based on local residual energy of nodes in wireless sensor networks

In the application of periodic data-gathering in sensor networks,sensor nodes located near the sink have to forward the data received from all other nodes to the sink,which depletes their energy very quickly.A moving scheme for the sink based on local residual energy was proposed.In the scheme,the sink periodically moves to a new location with the highest stay-value defined by the average residual energy and the number of neighbors.The scheme can balance energy consumption and prevent nodes around sink from draining their energy very quickly in the networks.The simulation results show that the scheme can prolong the network lifetime by 26%-65%compared with the earlier schemes where the sink is static or moves randomly.

Analysis of pre-crack kinking and delamination in terms of SLB test of honeycomb sandwich structure

The flatwise tension(FWT) and single leg bending(SLB) tests were used to investigate the fracture behavior of honeycomb sandwich specimens.In the FWT test,only the interlaminar delamination was observed.The test results show that the interfacial peel strength is higher than the interlaminar peel strength.In terms of SLB experiment,a new fracture mode was found,namely IKP(initiation of interlaminar delamination,kinking into facesheet and propagation of interlaminar delamination).The virtual crack closure technique was applied to separate the values of Mode I and Mode II components of the strain energy release rate in SLB experiment.The finite element analysis result shows that the Mode I strain energy release rate is higher than the Mode II strain energy release rate.To simulate the failure of SLB test of honeycomb sandwich specimens,a new computational model based on the Tsai-Hill failure criterion and the cohesive zone model is proposed.In comparison with experimental results,it can be concluded that the computational model can validly simulate the IKP of a honeycomb sandwich structures with reasonable accuracy.

Dynamic regulation of alternative splicing and chromatin structure in Drosophila gonads revealed by RNA-seq

Both transcription and post-transcriptional processes, such as alternative splicing, play crucial roles in controlling developmental programs in metazoans. Recently emerged RNA-seq method has brought our understanding of eukaryotic transcriptomes to a new level, because it can resolve both gene expression level and alternative splicing events simultaneously. To gain a better understanding of cellular differentiation in gonads, we analyzed mRNA profiles from Drosophila testes and ovaries using RNA-seq. We identified a set of genes that have sex-specific isoforms in wild-type （WT） gonads, including several transcription factors. We found that differentiation of sperms from undifferentiated germ cells induced a dramatic downregulation of RNA splicing factors. Our data confirmed that RNA splicing events are significantly more frequent in the undifferentiated cell-enriched bag of marbles （barn） mutant testis, but downregulated upon differentiation in WT testis. Consistent with this, we showed that genes required for meiosis and terminal differentiation in WT testis were mainly regulated at the transcriptional level, but not by alternative splicing. Unexpectedly, we observed an increase in expression of all families of chromatin remodeling factors and histone modifying enzymes in the undifferentiated cell-enriched bam testis. More interestingly, chromatin regulators and histone modifying enzymes with opposite enzymatic activities are coenriched in undifferentiated cells in testis, suggesting that these cells may possess dynamic chromatin architecture. Finally, our data revealed many new features of the Drosophila gonadal transcriptomes, and will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of how differential gene expression and splicing regulate gametogenesis in Drosophila. Our data provided a foundation for the systematic study of gene expression and alternative splicing in many interesting areas of germ cell biology in Droso- phila, such as the molecular basis for sexual dimorphism and the regulation of the proliferation vs terminal differentiation programs in germline stem cell lineages. The GEO accession number for the raw and analyzed RNA-seq data is GSE16960.

Loaded multi-tooth contact analysis and calculation for contact stress of face-gear drive with spur involute pinion

The analytical method based on "Hertz theory on normal contact of elastic solids" and the numerical method based on finite element method (FEM) calculating the contact stress of face-gear drive with spur involute pinion were introduced, and their relative errors are below 10%, except edge contact, which turns out that these two methods can compute contact stress of face-gear drive correctly and effectively. An agreement of the localized bearing contact stress is gotten for these two methods, making sure that the calculation results of FEM are reliable. The loaded meshing simulations of multi-tooth FEM model were developed, and the determination of the transmission error and the maximal load distribution factor of face-gear drive under torques were given. A formula for the maximal load distribution factor was proposed. By introducing the maximal load distribution factor in multi-tooth contact zone, a method for calculating the maximal contact stress in multi-tooth contact can be given. Compared to FEM, the results of these formulae are proved to be reliable, and the relative errors are below 10%.

On Application of Computer-based Corpora in Translation

Authors of papers to proceedings have to type these in a form suitable for direct photographic reproduction bthrough the research methods about analyzing computer corpus translation and inter-language research methods, and through comparison analysis about three of more thaxL four hundred thousand words, link adverbs in Chinese and English corpus and its corresponding Chinese word retrieval results, and make a detailed description of the characteristic for Chinese English learners and native English speakers, and thus provides an application example to study corpus in translation.

Research on stress distribution between wires of single thigh steel strand

A three-dimensional contact model of 1×7 steel strand was established. Contact point was searched by Splitting-pinball algorithm, and Augmented-Lagrangian algorithm was applied for analysis of contact loads. The exerted tensile loads to the model were analyzed using finite element method. After analyzing calculation results, the laws of steel wire stress distribution in axis direction and in its cross-section were found. Friction coefficients were set as 0.10, 0.11, and 0.12, respec- tively, to obtain the influence law of friction coefficient to steel wire stresses. Research result shows that friction coefficient has significant influence on the shear stress of steel wire. Analyzed the calculation results of steel strand with five different lay pitch multiples and got the influence law of lay pitch multiple to the stresses of steel wire in steel strand. The Von Misses stress of steel wire increases following with the increasing of lay pitches nmltiples, but the increment value is not very prominent. The shear stress of steel wire decreases following the increase of lay pitch multiple, and the changing amplitude is large when lay pitch multiple is small. Finally, carried out a steel strand tensile deformation test and the consistency of test results with the calculation results shows that the selected model is reasonable.

Biomarkers and potential pathogenesis of colorectal cancer-related ischemic stroke

AIM To investigate the specific biomarkers and potential pathogenesis of colorectal cancer-related ischemic stroke(CRCIS).METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on CRCIS patients(colorectal cancer patients with ischemic stroke without conventional stroke risk factors) registered at seven centers between January 2007 and December 2017. Clinical data and laboratory and imaging findings were compared with age-and sex-matched patients with colorectal cancer(CRC) without ischemic stroke that were admitted to the same hospital during the same period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the independent risk factors for CRCIS. A receiver operator characteristic curve was configured to calculate the optimal cut-off value of the products of the independent risk factors for CRCIS. RESULTS A total of 114 CRCIS patients and 114 CRC patients were included. Multiple lesions in multiple vascular territories were common in CRCIS patients(71, 62.28%). The levels of plasma D-dimer, carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), cancer antigen 125, and neutrophil count were significantly higher in CRCIS patients than in CRC patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma D-dimer levels [odds ratio(OR) = 1.002, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.001-1.003, P < 0.001], CEA levels(OR = 1.011, 95%CI: 1.006-1.015, P < 0.001), and neutrophil count levels(OR = 1.626, 95%CI: 1.268-2.087, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CRCIS. In addition, receiver operator characteristic curve revealed that the area under curve for the products of plasma D-dimer, CEA, and neutrophil count was 0.889 ± 0.022(95%CI: 0.847-0.932, P < 0.001), and the optimal cut-off value for the product was 252.06, which was called the CRCIS Index, with a sensitivity of 86.0% and specificity of 79.8%.CONCLUSION Hypercoagulability induced by elevated CEA and neutrophils may be an important cause of CRCIS. The CRCIS index, which serves as a biomarker of CRCIS, needs further study.

2.5D scattering of incident plane SH waves by a canyon in layered half-space

This paper presents 2.5D scattering of incident plane SH waves by a canyon in layered half-space by the indirect boundary element method (IBEM). The free field response is carried out to give the displacements and stresses on the line which forms boundary of the canyon. The fictitious uniform moving loads are applied to the same line to calculate the Green's functions for the displacements and stresses. The amplitudes of the loads are determined by the boundary conditions. The displacements due to the free field and from the fictitious uniform moving loads have to be added to obtain the whole motion. The numerical results are carried out for the cases of a canyon in homogenous and in one layer over bedrock. The results show that the 2.5D wave scattering problem is essentially different from the 2D case, and there exist distinct differences between the wave amplification by a canyon in layered half-space and that in homogeneous half-space. The reasons for the distinct difference are explored, and the effects of the thickness and stiffness of the layer on the amplification are discussed.

discs large regulates somatic cyst cell survival and expansion in Drosophila testis

Gonad development requires a coordinated soma-germline interaction that ensures renewal and differentiation of germline and somatic stem cells to ultimately produce mature gametes. The Drosophila tumour suppressor gene discs large （dig） encodes a septate junction protein functioning during epithelial polarization, asymmetric neuroblast division, and formation of neuromuscular junctions. Here, we report the role of dig in testis development and its critical function in somatic cyst cells （SCCs）. In these cells dig is primarily required for their survival and expansion, and contributes to spermatocyte cyst differentiation. Cell death primarily occurred in SCCs at the end of spermatogonial amplification at a time when Dig becomes restricted in wild-type （wt） testes to the distal somatic cells capping the growing spermatocyte cysts. RNAi depletion of dig transcripts in early SCCs fully prevented testis development, whereas depletion in late SCCs resulted in a breakdown of spermatocyte cyst structure and germ cell individualization. Specific dig expression in SCCs resulted in developmental rescue of dig mutant testes, whereas its expression in germ cells exerted no such effect, dig overexpression in wt testes led to spermatocyte cyst expansion at the expense of spermatogonial cysts. Our data demonstrate that dig is essentially required in SCCs for their survival, expansion, and differentiation, and for the encapsulation of the germline cells.

Conscious or unconscious:The impact of sedation choice on colon adenoma detection

AIM: To determine if anesthesiologist-monitored useof propofol results in improved detection of adenomaswhen compared with routine conscious sedation. METHODS: This retrospective study was conductedat two separate hospital-based endoscopy units whereapproximately 12 000 endoscopic procedures are permed annually, with one endoscopy unit exclusivelyusing anesthesiologist-monitored propofol. Three thousand two hundred and fifty-two patients underwent initial screening or surveillance colonoscopies. Our primaryend point was the adenoma detection rate, def ined asthe number of patients in whom at least one adenomawas found, associated with the type of sedation. RESULTS: Three thousand two hundred and fi ftytwooutpatient colonoscopies were performed by fi ve selected endoscopists. At least one adenoma was detected in 27.6% of patients (95% CI = 26.0-29.1) with no difference in the detection rate between the anesthes-ologist propofol and group and the gastroenterologist-midazolam/fentanyl group (28.1% vs 27.1%, P = 0.53). CONCLUSION: The type of sedation used during colonoscopy does not affect the number of patients in whom adenomatous polyps are detected.

Application Study on Elastomer Expansion Joint in Heavy Haul Railway

The article summarizes related research results and achievements of elastomer expansion device in railway bridge and puts forward a new idea of using polyurethane elastomer material to seal concrete bridge joints between adjacent spans in heavy haul railways. The new type expansion device is composed of polyurethane elastomer material and named TTXF （elastomer expansion joint）. In theory, researchers find out expansion joint deformation regularity between adjacent bridge spans through theoretical analysis and detection in heavy haul railways, such as Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway and Shenchi-Huanghua Port Railway. Fatigue tests prove that TTXF can adapt to permanent and dynamic deformation. On the other hand, it has been successfully applied in the test section of Central South of Shanxi Railway Passage and continuous monitoring has been conducted in extreme weather for over one year. The expansion joint has a good effect practically.

Protection Efficacy of Recombinant Infectious Laryngotracheitis Vaccine in Chicks

A commercial recombinant fowl pox vectored infectious laryngotracheitis （ILT） vaccine was examined its protection efficacy in one-day-old chicks by subcutaneous route with various dose-strength. The treatment groups I-III birds were vaccinated with a full, 1/2 and 1/3 dose of recommendation dose, respectively. Thereafter, at 6 wk post vaccination, they were challenged with 5x labeled dose of live ILT vaccine. Protection efficacy of the vaccine was compared among groups based on antibody production and eye lesion score. The results of eye lesion score showed that there was a significant difference between control and treatment groups, whereas the difference was not found among the treatment groups. For seroconversion, there was no significant difference between birds in group I and II. However, higher number of seroconversion birds in groups I and II than group III was observed （P 〈 0.05）. It was concluded that a half dose of recommendation dose had the same protection efficacy as a full dose of recombinant YP-LT vaccine.

Relations between Low-Frequency Modes of Climate Variability and Air-Sea Heat Flux at the Mediterranean Interface

The main objective of this work is to examine statistical causality relationships between low-frequency modes of climate variability and winter （December to February） anomaly of net heat flux at the Mediterranean air-sea interface. The introduction of the concept of Granger causality allowed us to examine the influence of these climates indices on the net heat flux anomaly and to select Mediterranean surface regions that really influenced by each index. Results show that the winter anomaly of the net heat flux in the Algerian basin south and the gulf of Lion is mainly caused by the Arctic Oscillation. El Nifio-Southern Oscillation influences much more the Algerian basin north and the northern lonian Sea. The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation affects only the Alboran and the Tyrrhenian Seas. But the Adriatic and Levantine basin are impacted by any climate index. They also show that these climate indices can increase explained variance in winter variations of air-sea net heat flux by 10% to 15%, with a lag of three seasons. These relationships are less persistent and spatially limited.

Research on the Accurate Computer Music Composition Mode under the Background of Big Data

In this paper, we conduct research on the accurate computer music composition mode under the basic background of big data. From the perspective of music theory, in terms of micro notes jump within a certain range, will not cause discomfort, notes there are upward at the same time, the downward makes the whole piece will not boring. From the macroscopic, the nature of the chord with internal connection between motivation and motivation as support, at the same time, the whole range can maintain in a certain range, making sound effects is can let a person feel cheerful. Computer science first occupied is music in the music sound production and the propagation of position as it is mainly used for digital audio clips and automated synthesis. But there is a certain distance away from the traditional concept of composition. Therefore, our research proposes the innovative perspective to deal with the issues for achieving the better performance.