Exploration of influential people is really a hot issue for effective viral marketing these days. Prior studies overlooked to consider the influence of interaction between users and the authority of users during infor...Exploration of influential people is really a hot issue for effective viral marketing these days. Prior studies overlooked to consider the influence of interaction between users and the authority of users during information dissemination. In this article, we proposed an innovative concept by employing communication strength and authority in order to explore the influential people. First, we calculated communication strength by three kinds of actions including retweets, comments and mentions. Second, we deliberated authority metric by employing total times getting re-tweeted, number of tweets and followers of a user. Then, we propose a novel algorithm called Influential People Label Propagation Algorithm(IPLPA) that considers the proposed metric to explore the influential people in micro-blog networks. We performed extensive experiments to measure the influence and rank of each person within micro-blog network. The comparative study presents that IPLPA depicted effective people while baseline algorithms retrieved low influenced people at top rank. Additionally, influence dissemination also measured for obtained influential people in order to validate proposed concept. The findings of this study would be useful for viral marketing and advertisement campaigns.展开更多
This paper presents an ex-ante assessment of the potential implications of the 2011 Human Rights Watch Report on the South African fruit industry. The report explicitly mentions the lack of compliance with ethical cod...This paper presents an ex-ante assessment of the potential implications of the 2011 Human Rights Watch Report on the South African fruit industry. The report explicitly mentions the lack of compliance with ethical codes within the fruit industry, the prevalence of exploitative conditions for farm workers and diverse human rights abuses in farms. The report recommends import ban on culprits as well as engaging third party auditing to ensure compliance. The high vulnerability of the smallholder farmers justified the special interest in the implications on their reputation and hence their ability to access profitable export markets. Although large-scale commercial farmers are potentially at risk of reputational damage due to the Human Rights Watch Report, they are better able to cope owing to their stronger capital base. The opinions of knowledgeable industry insiders were therefore elicited through qualitative research that used a five-point Likert scale to assess perceptions about market access. On the basis of the results, it is probable that the report will lead to improved working conditions for farm workers, improved concern for consumers＇ health, and enforcement of legislation by the govemment. The negative implications involve increased competition, possibility of retailers＇ rationalising their supply base and increased evaluation that ends at the farm gate. There is also high probability of increased marginalisation of the already disadvantaged smallholder suppliers, and possible increase in costs of auditing and accreditation for the entire fruit industry. Thus, active collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure the competitiveness of the fruit industry is inevitable.展开更多
Local government press is one of important channels of conveying information in the local space. Its functions are being constantly redefined as a result of the changing paradigm of communicating on the local level. L...Local government press is one of important channels of conveying information in the local space. Its functions are being constantly redefined as a result of the changing paradigm of communicating on the local level. Local government press gains particular importance during any election campaign becoming the carrier of information for local authorities seeking reelection. The following text presents the results of research carried out in selected cities with poviat rights in the last quarter of 2014, during the local government election campaign in Poland.展开更多
Mango which is also known as the king of fruits in the country is the second largest growing fruit after citrus in Pakistan. Although mango is being grown in more than hundred countries none of them is comparable to P...Mango which is also known as the king of fruits in the country is the second largest growing fruit after citrus in Pakistan. Although mango is being grown in more than hundred countries none of them is comparable to Pakistani mango which is famous for its unique taste all over the world. Pakistan＇s per hectare production is much lower than its potential. The purpose of this study was to assess those factors which are preventing mango growers from getting its potential yield. For this major mango producing area, Muzzaffargarh was selected. The 110 randomly selected farmers were interviewed with a well-designed questionnaire. The mango growers were divided into three categories on the basis of landholding. The Cobb-Douglas model was used to assess the effect of different factors on the productivity. The education level and age of large farmers was found highest among small and medium farmers. Large farmers were enjoying significant high profit per acre with US$519.58 as compared to medium farmers （US$454.15） and small farmers （US$395.10）. The independent variables were explaining almost 89 percent variation in productivity of mango. The significant positive effect of orchard experience, access to extension services, the quantity of NPK, quantity of pesticides and labour cost was found. The age and intercropping practices in mango orchard had a significant negative effect on mango production. Credit facilities must be made available at lower interest rate and the range of extension services must be enhanced to increase the productivity of mango.展开更多
It＇ s a necessary selection to support the maneuver across Yangtze River by floating bridge constructed by portable steel bridge and civilian ships. It is a comprehensive index for the scheme of bridge raft, containi...It＇ s a necessary selection to support the maneuver across Yangtze River by floating bridge constructed by portable steel bridge and civilian ships. It is a comprehensive index for the scheme of bridge raft, containing a variety of technical factors and uncertainties. The optimization is the selection in the constructing time, quantity of equipments and man power. Based on the calculation result of bridge rafts, an evaluating system is established, consisting of index of spacing between interior bays, raft length, truss numbers, operation difficulty and maximal bending stress. A fuzzy matter element model of optimizing selection of bridge rafts was built up by combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis. The method of combination weighting was used to calculate the value of weights index to reduce the subjective randomness. The sequence of schemes and the optimization resuh were gained finally based on euclid approach degree. The application result shows that it is simple and practical.展开更多
The multivariate linear errors-in-variables model when the regressors are missing at random in the sense of Rubin （1976） is considered in this paper. A constrained empirical likelihood confidence region for a parame...The multivariate linear errors-in-variables model when the regressors are missing at random in the sense of Rubin （1976） is considered in this paper. A constrained empirical likelihood confidence region for a parameter β0 in this model is proposed, which is constructed by combining the score function corresponding to the weighted squared orthogonal distance based on inverse probability with a constrained region of β0. It is shown that the empirical log-likelihood ratio at the true parameter converges to the standard chi-square distribution. Simulations show that the coverage rate of the proposed confidence region is closer to the nominal level and the length of confidence interval is narrower than those of the normal approximation of inverse probability weighted adjusted least square estimator in most cases. A real example is studied and the result supports the theory and simulation＇s conclusion.展开更多
基金supported in part by the following funding agencies of China:National Natural Science Foundation under Grant 61170274,61602050 and U1534201
文摘Exploration of influential people is really a hot issue for effective viral marketing these days. Prior studies overlooked to consider the influence of interaction between users and the authority of users during information dissemination. In this article, we proposed an innovative concept by employing communication strength and authority in order to explore the influential people. First, we calculated communication strength by three kinds of actions including retweets, comments and mentions. Second, we deliberated authority metric by employing total times getting re-tweeted, number of tweets and followers of a user. Then, we propose a novel algorithm called Influential People Label Propagation Algorithm(IPLPA) that considers the proposed metric to explore the influential people in micro-blog networks. We performed extensive experiments to measure the influence and rank of each person within micro-blog network. The comparative study presents that IPLPA depicted effective people while baseline algorithms retrieved low influenced people at top rank. Additionally, influence dissemination also measured for obtained influential people in order to validate proposed concept. The findings of this study would be useful for viral marketing and advertisement campaigns.
文摘This paper presents an ex-ante assessment of the potential implications of the 2011 Human Rights Watch Report on the South African fruit industry. The report explicitly mentions the lack of compliance with ethical codes within the fruit industry, the prevalence of exploitative conditions for farm workers and diverse human rights abuses in farms. The report recommends import ban on culprits as well as engaging third party auditing to ensure compliance. The high vulnerability of the smallholder farmers justified the special interest in the implications on their reputation and hence their ability to access profitable export markets. Although large-scale commercial farmers are potentially at risk of reputational damage due to the Human Rights Watch Report, they are better able to cope owing to their stronger capital base. The opinions of knowledgeable industry insiders were therefore elicited through qualitative research that used a five-point Likert scale to assess perceptions about market access. On the basis of the results, it is probable that the report will lead to improved working conditions for farm workers, improved concern for consumers＇ health, and enforcement of legislation by the govemment. The negative implications involve increased competition, possibility of retailers＇ rationalising their supply base and increased evaluation that ends at the farm gate. There is also high probability of increased marginalisation of the already disadvantaged smallholder suppliers, and possible increase in costs of auditing and accreditation for the entire fruit industry. Thus, active collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure the competitiveness of the fruit industry is inevitable.
文摘Local government press is one of important channels of conveying information in the local space. Its functions are being constantly redefined as a result of the changing paradigm of communicating on the local level. Local government press gains particular importance during any election campaign becoming the carrier of information for local authorities seeking reelection. The following text presents the results of research carried out in selected cities with poviat rights in the last quarter of 2014, during the local government election campaign in Poland.
文摘Mango which is also known as the king of fruits in the country is the second largest growing fruit after citrus in Pakistan. Although mango is being grown in more than hundred countries none of them is comparable to Pakistani mango which is famous for its unique taste all over the world. Pakistan＇s per hectare production is much lower than its potential. The purpose of this study was to assess those factors which are preventing mango growers from getting its potential yield. For this major mango producing area, Muzzaffargarh was selected. The 110 randomly selected farmers were interviewed with a well-designed questionnaire. The mango growers were divided into three categories on the basis of landholding. The Cobb-Douglas model was used to assess the effect of different factors on the productivity. The education level and age of large farmers was found highest among small and medium farmers. Large farmers were enjoying significant high profit per acre with US$519.58 as compared to medium farmers （US$454.15） and small farmers （US$395.10）. The independent variables were explaining almost 89 percent variation in productivity of mango. The significant positive effect of orchard experience, access to extension services, the quantity of NPK, quantity of pesticides and labour cost was found. The age and intercropping practices in mango orchard had a significant negative effect on mango production. Credit facilities must be made available at lower interest rate and the range of extension services must be enhanced to increase the productivity of mango.
文摘It＇ s a necessary selection to support the maneuver across Yangtze River by floating bridge constructed by portable steel bridge and civilian ships. It is a comprehensive index for the scheme of bridge raft, containing a variety of technical factors and uncertainties. The optimization is the selection in the constructing time, quantity of equipments and man power. Based on the calculation result of bridge rafts, an evaluating system is established, consisting of index of spacing between interior bays, raft length, truss numbers, operation difficulty and maximal bending stress. A fuzzy matter element model of optimizing selection of bridge rafts was built up by combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis. The method of combination weighting was used to calculate the value of weights index to reduce the subjective randomness. The sequence of schemes and the optimization resuh were gained finally based on euclid approach degree. The application result shows that it is simple and practical.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10771017 and 11071022Key Project of MOE,PRC under Grant No.309007
文摘The multivariate linear errors-in-variables model when the regressors are missing at random in the sense of Rubin （1976） is considered in this paper. A constrained empirical likelihood confidence region for a parameter β0 in this model is proposed, which is constructed by combining the score function corresponding to the weighted squared orthogonal distance based on inverse probability with a constrained region of β0. It is shown that the empirical log-likelihood ratio at the true parameter converges to the standard chi-square distribution. Simulations show that the coverage rate of the proposed confidence region is closer to the nominal level and the length of confidence interval is narrower than those of the normal approximation of inverse probability weighted adjusted least square estimator in most cases. A real example is studied and the result supports the theory and simulation＇s conclusion.
