[Objective] The paper was to compare the quality of apple vinegars prepared by different methods and screen an optimum brewing method for apple vinegar production. [Methed] The quality of apple vinegar brewed by three...[Objective] The paper was to compare the quality of apple vinegars prepared by different methods and screen an optimum brewing method for apple vinegar production. [Methed] The quality of apple vinegar brewed by three traditional brewing methods and a new method developed by our previous work was analyzed. Three traditional methods were solid state fermentation （SSF）, liquid state fermentation （LSF） and immobilized microorganism fermentation （IMF）, and the new method was multi-microorganisms co-immobilization technology（MMCT）, which used co-immobilized beads of ethanol-producing yeast, aroma-improving yeast and lactic acid bacteria （with a ratio of 6：3：1） for alcoholic fermentation and then used immobilized acetic acid bacteria for vinegar fermentation. [Result] The general quality of apple vinegar brewed by MMCT was superior to the others. Its total acidity reached to 3.845 g/100 ml, unvolatile acidity was about 0.600 g/100 ml, amino-nitrogen was higher than 0.510 g/100 ml, and the composing of flavor compounds was almost similar to that of SSF brewed apple vinegar. [Conclusion] The MMCT method was proven to be the optimum one for high quality apple vinegar brewing and might be widely used in the future.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the treatment effectiveness and side effects of stereotactic radiotherapy for brain glioma. Methods： From Jun. 1995 to Dec. 1998, 389 cases of brain gliomas were treated by stereotactic rad...Objective： To investigate the treatment effectiveness and side effects of stereotactic radiotherapy for brain glioma. Methods： From Jun. 1995 to Dec. 1998, 389 cases of brain gliomas were treated by stereotactic radiotherapy, among which 151 cases were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery （SRS） and the other 238 cases, by fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy （FSRT）. In the SRS group, the marginal tumor dose was 20 to 30 Gy （median, 2.6 Gy）. One to 6 isocenters （median, 2.48） and 5 to 21 irradiation arcs （median, 8.45） were applied. In the FSRT group, the per-fraction marginal tumor dose was 8 to 12 Gy with 1 to 6 isocenters （median, 2.53）, 6 to 20 irradiation arcs （median, 8.25） and 2-5 fractions delivered everyday or every other day. Results： Three months after treatment, the complete and partial response rates were 13.9% and 45.7% in SRS group respectively. The stable disease rate was 17.2%. The total effective rate was 76.8%. In FSRT group, the complete and partial remission rates were 19.7% and 47.9% respectively. The stable disease rate was 20.6%. The total effective rate was 88.2%. The total effective rate of FSRT group was higher than that in SRS group （X^2=9.874, P=0.020）. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate of all patients was 54.3%, 29.3%, 16.5% respectively. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate in SRS group and FSRT group was 52.3% vs 26.5%, 11.9% vs 55.5%, and 31.1 vs 19.3% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups （X^2=2.16, P=0.1417）. The brain edema caused by the main radiation was more severe in the SRS group than in FSRT group （X^2=4.916, P=0.027）. Conclusion： It is effective for brain glioma to be treated by stereotactic radiotherapy. Compared with SRS, the FSRT has the advantage of good effect and less side response.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to manually isolate the microstructures such as ovule and embryo of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. by the non-enzymatic method. [Method] With the gum block and dissecting mic...[Objective] The aim of this study was to manually isolate the microstructures such as ovule and embryo of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. by the non-enzymatic method. [Method] With the gum block and dissecting microscope, its floral characteristics, ovule and embryo were manually isolated and observed by the non-enzymatic method. [Result] C. bursa-pastoris had four calyces, four petals, tetradynamous stamen and silicle, while its embryogenesis contained globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo and torpedo-shaped embryo. [Conclusion] The microstructures such as ovule and embryo of plants become easier to be isolated manually with the viscosity of gum block, which has small damage on embryo or disadvantages of keeping original shapes, and also can used in multi fields studies. This test can also be accomplished in labs with poor experiment facilities.展开更多
To study the interactions of these compounds with calf thymus DNA(CT-DNA), seven b-carboline-3-carboxamides were designed and synthesized. The interactions of these compounds with CT-DNA were determined by the viscome...To study the interactions of these compounds with calf thymus DNA(CT-DNA), seven b-carboline-3-carboxamides were designed and synthesized. The interactions of these compounds with CT-DNA were determined by the viscometric titration assay and Tm (melting temperature) value assay. Binding strengths were evaluated by spectrophotometric titration experiment and microcalorimetric measurement. The interactions of these compounds were tested with CT-DNA. It was showed that all of these compounds were able to change the Tm value of CT-DNA. The results of viscometric titration assay indicated that these compounds interacted with CT-DNA by intercalation. Spectrophotometric titration experiment showed that the binding strengths of these compounds with CT-DNA were different, which was well in agreement with the cell culture results. The binding was driven by entropy according to the results of the microcalorimetric measurement. This series of b-carboline-3-carboxamides is DNA targeting compounds. Their obvious antitumor biological effect is based on the intercalation with DNA base-pairs.展开更多
In the research, changes of apple chemistry, and molecule, under stresses, are n terms of morphology, physiology, bio- illustrated and research and identifica- tion methods of apple resistance are explored involving ...In the research, changes of apple chemistry, and molecule, under stresses, are n terms of morphology, physiology, bio- illustrated and research and identifica- tion methods of apple resistance are explored involving drought-resistance, flood-re- sistance, salt-stress resistance, cold-hardiness and heat-resistance. In addition prospects of apple resistance research are proposed, as well.展开更多
文摘[Objective] The paper was to compare the quality of apple vinegars prepared by different methods and screen an optimum brewing method for apple vinegar production. [Methed] The quality of apple vinegar brewed by three traditional brewing methods and a new method developed by our previous work was analyzed. Three traditional methods were solid state fermentation （SSF）, liquid state fermentation （LSF） and immobilized microorganism fermentation （IMF）, and the new method was multi-microorganisms co-immobilization technology（MMCT）, which used co-immobilized beads of ethanol-producing yeast, aroma-improving yeast and lactic acid bacteria （with a ratio of 6：3：1） for alcoholic fermentation and then used immobilized acetic acid bacteria for vinegar fermentation. [Result] The general quality of apple vinegar brewed by MMCT was superior to the others. Its total acidity reached to 3.845 g/100 ml, unvolatile acidity was about 0.600 g/100 ml, amino-nitrogen was higher than 0.510 g/100 ml, and the composing of flavor compounds was almost similar to that of SSF brewed apple vinegar. [Conclusion] The MMCT method was proven to be the optimum one for high quality apple vinegar brewing and might be widely used in the future.
文摘Objective： To investigate the treatment effectiveness and side effects of stereotactic radiotherapy for brain glioma. Methods： From Jun. 1995 to Dec. 1998, 389 cases of brain gliomas were treated by stereotactic radiotherapy, among which 151 cases were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery （SRS） and the other 238 cases, by fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy （FSRT）. In the SRS group, the marginal tumor dose was 20 to 30 Gy （median, 2.6 Gy）. One to 6 isocenters （median, 2.48） and 5 to 21 irradiation arcs （median, 8.45） were applied. In the FSRT group, the per-fraction marginal tumor dose was 8 to 12 Gy with 1 to 6 isocenters （median, 2.53）, 6 to 20 irradiation arcs （median, 8.25） and 2-5 fractions delivered everyday or every other day. Results： Three months after treatment, the complete and partial response rates were 13.9% and 45.7% in SRS group respectively. The stable disease rate was 17.2%. The total effective rate was 76.8%. In FSRT group, the complete and partial remission rates were 19.7% and 47.9% respectively. The stable disease rate was 20.6%. The total effective rate was 88.2%. The total effective rate of FSRT group was higher than that in SRS group （X^2=9.874, P=0.020）. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate of all patients was 54.3%, 29.3%, 16.5% respectively. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate in SRS group and FSRT group was 52.3% vs 26.5%, 11.9% vs 55.5%, and 31.1 vs 19.3% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups （X^2=2.16, P=0.1417）. The brain edema caused by the main radiation was more severe in the SRS group than in FSRT group （X^2=4.916, P=0.027）. Conclusion： It is effective for brain glioma to be treated by stereotactic radiotherapy. Compared with SRS, the FSRT has the advantage of good effect and less side response.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation (No. 30770124)SRTP Fund from Henan University of Science and Technology~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to manually isolate the microstructures such as ovule and embryo of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. by the non-enzymatic method. [Method] With the gum block and dissecting microscope, its floral characteristics, ovule and embryo were manually isolated and observed by the non-enzymatic method. [Result] C. bursa-pastoris had four calyces, four petals, tetradynamous stamen and silicle, while its embryogenesis contained globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo and torpedo-shaped embryo. [Conclusion] The microstructures such as ovule and embryo of plants become easier to be isolated manually with the viscosity of gum block, which has small damage on embryo or disadvantages of keeping original shapes, and also can used in multi fields studies. This test can also be accomplished in labs with poor experiment facilities.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (39870183) National Doctoral Foundation of China (9930)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing
文摘To study the interactions of these compounds with calf thymus DNA(CT-DNA), seven b-carboline-3-carboxamides were designed and synthesized. The interactions of these compounds with CT-DNA were determined by the viscometric titration assay and Tm (melting temperature) value assay. Binding strengths were evaluated by spectrophotometric titration experiment and microcalorimetric measurement. The interactions of these compounds were tested with CT-DNA. It was showed that all of these compounds were able to change the Tm value of CT-DNA. The results of viscometric titration assay indicated that these compounds interacted with CT-DNA by intercalation. Spectrophotometric titration experiment showed that the binding strengths of these compounds with CT-DNA were different, which was well in agreement with the cell culture results. The binding was driven by entropy according to the results of the microcalorimetric measurement. This series of b-carboline-3-carboxamides is DNA targeting compounds. Their obvious antitumor biological effect is based on the intercalation with DNA base-pairs.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation in China(ZR2011CM034)~~
文摘In the research, changes of apple chemistry, and molecule, under stresses, are n terms of morphology, physiology, bio- illustrated and research and identifica- tion methods of apple resistance are explored involving drought-resistance, flood-re- sistance, salt-stress resistance, cold-hardiness and heat-resistance. In addition prospects of apple resistance research are proposed, as well.
