槟榔生长期果实形态、质构及果皮成分动态变化规律研究

以海南槟榔果实为研究对象,对其生长期的果实形态、质构和果皮成分进行分析。结果表明:槟榔开花后生长到117~145 d为适宜采收期;花后117 d以后,果实的形态成型;花后110~145 d槟榔果皮中果胶物质快速积聚,半纤维素和纤维素含量随着果实的生长缓慢增加;花后145 d后槟榔果皮的木质素含量快速增长,每7 d的木质素含量平均增速达17.6%,标志着果实开始老化,此时果实硬度变大,咀嚼感变差。

湖南省山苍子6个天然居群果皮精油成分分析

开展湖南省不同山苍子种质资源果皮精油成分分析与评价,对于筛选与培育优良精油用山苍子优良单株与品种具有重要意义。实验对湖南省6个山苍子天然居群果皮精油进行提取,采用气质联用色谱法(GC-MS)分析其精油成分,并用峰面积归一法对主要成分进行定量分析。结果表明,不同居群果皮含油率存在差异,株洲白马乡含油率最高(3.35%),且变异系数最小(4.78%);6个居群的山苍子果实精油GC-MS成分各鉴定出27种、20种、21种、19种、19种、23种,分别占总峰面积的99.73%、99.81%、99.80%、99.82%、99.81%、99.73%;所有居群共有成分为9种,各居群分别鉴定出各自独有成分;D-柠檬烯含量为不同山苍子居群果皮精油含量分类的依据,在衡阳市衡阳县、衡阳常宁市、郴州桂东县、岳阳平江县、株洲白马乡这5个居群间进行山苍子D-柠檬烯型优良单株或品种选育的潜力较大。因此,在精油用山苍子选育及种质资源评价方面,要综合考虑不同生态型遗传因素的影响。

25个种和品种的柑桔果皮精油的化学成分

用双柱毛细管气相色谱保留时间法和GC-MS法分析了25个种和品种的柑桔果皮精油的化学成分,共鉴定出精油化学成分61个。所有精油的主要成分都是柠檬烯。依据精油中柠檬烯含量的不同,将被分析的25个植物种和品种分成三组:枸橼、柠檬类为一组,精油中柠檬烯含量为50％～70％;酸橙、甜橙和柚类为一组,精油中柠檬烯的含量大于92％;宽皮柑桔类为一组,精油中柠檬烯的含量为70％～90％(少数种达94.18％)。这一实验结果与近来有关栽培柑桔只有枸橼、柚和宽皮柑桔具有生物学种的价值的看法相类似。

A Comparative Study on Chemical Composition of Supercritical CO_2 Extraction Products in Peels of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. from Changqing District

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the differences in chemical composition of supercritical CO2 extraction products in peels of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. from Changqing district. [Method] Supercritical fluidextraction （SFE） and GCMS method were applied to determine and analyze the chemical components of the extracts in peels of three strains of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. [Result] The chemical components of supercritical CO2 extraction products in peels of three strains of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. varied., and the number of chemical components with normalized percentage content higher than 1% was 5, 7 and 8, respectively. There are 14 kinds of common components, and the relative content of hexadecanoic acid was the highest. [Conclusion] Supercritical CO2 extracts in peels of different strains of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. contain different chemical components, providing scientific basis for breeding excellent varieties and the development and utilization of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.

毛霉诱导脐橙产抗病物质对指状青霉和酸腐菌的抑制

绿霉和酸腐是柑橘果实采后主要的病害,生产上迫切需要化学杀菌剂的替代方法。该研究对毛霉诱导脐橙果皮产生的具有抗病活性的红色物质(Citru Peel Red-substance Extract,CPRE)进行部分分离纯化,评价了CPRE对指状青霉和酸腐菌的抑菌活性,分析活性成分对两病原真菌菌丝细胞壁与膜功能的影响。结果表明,在50~200μg/mL的质量浓度下,CPRE对指状青霉和酸腐菌的孢子萌发,芽管伸长,菌丝生长有强烈的抑制作用,并且呈现剂量效应,最低抑菌浓度均为200μg/mL。进一步研究表明,与空白对照比较,50、100μg/mL抗菌活性成分处理明显改变指状青霉和酸腐菌菌丝细胞壁中几丁质分布,降低了细胞壁中几丁质含量、促进了质外体碱性磷酸酶的释放,表明CPRE严重损伤两致病真菌菌丝的细胞壁功能;CPRE处理还明显损伤两病菌菌丝的细胞膜通透性(P<0.05),刺激菌丝膜外电导率显著上升(P<0.05),加剧细胞内蛋白和核酸的丢失,降低了菌丝细胞膜总脂质含量,影响了细胞膜的正常功能。上述结果表明,红色抗菌成分在防控柑橘采后绿霉病和酸腐病中有潜在应用前景。

Chemical Composition of Bergamot （Citrus Bergamia Risso） Essential Oil Obtained by Hydrodistillation

Peel essential oil of bergamot （Citrus bergamia Risso） growing in Tunisia was separated by hydrodistillation and obtained in a yield of 9.7%. The oil composition was investigated using GC and GC-MS with two columns HP-I and HP-Innowax. Fifteen compounds accounting for 98.52% of the oil were identified. The oil was characterized by bigb content oflimonene （59.21%）, linalool （9.51%） and linalyl acetate （16.83%）.