Statistical Analysis of Regularity of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables Produced in Inner Mongoli

[Objective]The paper was to study regularity of pesticide residues in vegetables produced in Inner Mongolia.[Method]Mathematical statistic analysis was carried out on 6 800 samples of veggies,fruits,leguminous vegetables,nuts and seeds produced in Inner Mongolia.[Result]The dominated vegetables in Inner Mongolia were green leafy vegetables,solanaceous vegetables and melon vegetables,and their yields accounted for 70%of the total vegetables production.Since 2003,with the rapid increase of detected vegetable numbers,the status of vegetable quality safety had entered into a new stage of sustainable steady after a rapid decline or periodic fluctuation,and the differences in safety levels were obvious,of which the range of exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in solanaceous vegetables,melon vegetables and leguminous vegetables(about 55%of the total vegetables)was under 2%,with average values of 1.1%,1.6%and 3.1%,respectively.They belonged to stable type.The exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in green leafy vegetables and Chinese cabbage group(about 30%of total vegetables)presented a decreasing trend year by year,wondering in the range of 7%-10%.They belonged to main risk type.The time period of exceeding standard of pesticide residues in root vegetables and cole vegetables was under predictable,and its exceeding standard rate in some years was over 5%(amplitude variation is over 15percentage points).They belonged to random risk type.The kinds of pesticides,which exceeding standard rate in vegetables were relatively intensive,presented variance in different vegetable species.70%of the pesticides belonged to intermittent over-limits and the probability was below 5%.About 20%tradition pesticides often exceeded standard and their probabilities were over 30%.The exceeding standard of organophosphorus and carbamates pesticides in vegetables presented a decreasing tend,while the risk of some new pesticides containing nitrogen element and high effective pyrethroids showed an increasing tendency.[Conclusion]The paper provided decision making services for agricultural management departments.

Control Effects of 9 Fungicides on Citrus Canker

In order to screen out effective fungicides for controlling citrus canker,the control effects of 9 fungicides on Jinhong bingtang orange canker were studied.The results showed that 77%cupric calcium sulfate WP,30%copper oxychloride SC,46%copper hydroxide WG,30%thiodiazole-copper SC and 40%zinc thiazole SC had better comprehensive control effect on citrus canker,6%benziothiazolinone WG had an average effect,3%zhongshengmycin AS,2%kasugamycin AS and 33.5%oxine-copper SC had poor control effect.Therefore,fungicides could be used alternately or choose compounded preparation.In addition,adjuvants could be considered in use,which was an effective way to enhance efficacy,reduced dosage and delayed pesticide resistance.

Meta-analysis of the effect of statin use and pancreatic cancer risk

Statin has been proposed to have a capacity to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer,while the obtained results are not consistent.To gain a clearer picture of the relationship between statin use and pancreatic cancer,the present meta-analysis took into consideration data from eight cohort studies,ten case-control studies and three RCTs.We searched all relevant studies on the effect of statin use on the risk of pancreatic cancer using PubMed,Embase and the Cochrane library database from inception to July 30,2018.The following search terms were used:(1)statin("statins","statin","3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors","atorvastatin","cerivastatin","fluvastatin","lovastatin","pravastatin","rosuvastatin","simvastatin");(2)pancreatic cancer("cancer","neoplasm","malignancy").We manually examined the references of the relevant articles and reviews to identify additional studies.A total of 21 studies,published between 2001 and July 2018 and involving 1148680 cases and 2177842 controls,fulfilled the selection criteria.The pooled results revealed a significant relationship between statin use and pancreatic cancer risk(OR=0.84,95%CI 0.72-0.98,P=0.000,I^2=84.30).However,lipophilic statins(OR=1.07,95%CI 0.97-1.18,P=0.651,I^2=0.0%)had no significant effect on the risk of pancreatic cancer.In contrast,short-term statin use(OR=0.72,95%CI 0.54-0.96,P=0.000,I^2=80.1%)and long-term statin use(OR=0.70,95%CI 0.54-0.92,P=0.000,12=79.8%)significantly reduced pancreatic cancer risk.Notably,the high heterogeneity among the selected studies was eliminated by excluding the three studies that focused on restricted populations.Statin could significantly reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer.

A smart hydrogel for on-demand delivery of antibiotics and efficient eradication of biofilms

Biofilm-associated infections are difficult to treat in the clinics because the bacteria embedded in biofilm are ten to thousand times more resistant to traditional antibiotics than planktonic ones.Here,a smart hydrogel comprised of aminoglycoside antibiotics,pectinase,and oxidized dextran was developed to treat local biofilm-associated infections.The primary amines on aminoglycosides and pectinase were reacted with aldehyde groups on oxidized dextran via a pH-sensitive Schiff base linkage to form the hydrogel.Upon bacterial infection,the increased acidity triggers the release of both pectinase and aminoglycoside antibiotics.The released pectinase efficiently degrades extracellular polysaccharides surrounding the bacteria in biofilm,and thus greatly sensitizes the bacteria to aminoglycosides.The smart hydrogel efficiently eradicated biofilms and killed the embedded bacteria both in vitro and in vivo.This study provides a promising strategy for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections.