氨基酸叶面肥对设施延后‘红地球’葡萄光合特性和品质的影响

以日光温室延后栽培‘红地球’葡萄为试材,研究了不同浓度氨基酸叶面肥利果美处理对其光合特性和品质的影响.结果表明:适宜浓度的利果美处理,能增强‘红地球’葡萄的光合能力,增大果粒、果粒质量和果穗质量,提高果实可溶性固形物含量,降低可滴定酸含量,提升葡萄品质.其中600倍利果美处理效果最佳,果粒横径、果粒质量、果穗质量和可溶性固形物含量较对照分别提高了12.09%、24.09%、23.99%和7.08%,可滴定酸含量较对照降低了37.68%.葡萄果实膨大期和成熟期光合午休主要是气孔限制所致,而转色期光合午休兼具气孔和非气孔限制因素.

锈螨危害对砂糖桔果实品质的影响与防治策略

锈螨的危害是影响砂糖桔果实品质的重要因素之一,砂糖桔果实品质的好坏直接影响到生产者的经济效益。本文主要阐述了锈螨的为害对砂糖桔果实品质的影响,根据锈螨的发生规律,实施培育健树、生物防治和化学防治相结合的防治策略,从而达到提高砂糖桔果实品质的目的。

Correlation Analysis between Quality Characteristics and Fruit Mineral Element Contents in 'Fuji' Apples

[Objective] The aims were to explore the relationship between the contents of fruit mineral elements and quality features of the ＇Fuji＇ apple, screen major mineral elements of the fruit affecting fruit quality features, and set up optimum proposals of fruit mineral elements for good fruit qualities, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable orchard soil and foliar fertilizer applications to increase fruit quality and reduce the physiological diseases related to the ＇Fuji＇ apple. [Methods] The fruit mineral elements and quality indicators of ＇Fuji＂ apples were in- vestigated and analyzed, which were collected from the 153 commercial apple or- chards of ＂Fuji＇ apple located in 51 counties. The variable importance for projection （VlP） of partial least squares regression （PLS） method was used to analyze the model effect and weight analysis impact of the fruit mineral element contents to fruit quality, screen out major factors of fruit mineral elements influencing the different fruit qualities, and set up the regression equation of the fruit qualities and major fruit mineral elements. Linear programming was used to obtain optimum proposals of the fruit mineral elements to achieve good ＇Fuji＇ apple qualities. [Results] The mineral elements content and quality characteristics in ＂Fuji＇ apple fruit had great differences in the different produce regions in which the maximum content of nitro- gen, iron, zinc and boron in the ＇Fuji＇ fruit were12.06, 6.17, 7.7, and 10.08 times greater than the minimum respectively, and the differences for titratable acid and the SSC/TA ratio were 2.33 and 2.16 times respectively. The correlation analysis between the fruit mineral element contents and qualities showed that the nitrogen content of fruit had a significantly negative correlation with the soluble solid content, SSC/TA ratio and red color area, while the calcium and iron contents in the fruit were in significantly positive correlation with the soluble solid content and SSC/TA ratio. The model effect and weight analysis showed that the content of nitrogen and iron in the fruit had a greater influence on the integral fruit quality, followed by phosphorus, potassium and calcium. The variable importance for projection （VlP） technology of PLS found that the mean fruit weight was primarily affected by nitro- gen, phosphorus and potassium, and the soluble solid was primarily affected by ni- trogen, calcium and iron, while the red color area was primarily affected by nitro- gen, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc. The regression equation between fruit quality and mineral element contents showed that the mean fruit weight had a greater pos- itive effect coefficient with the content of phosphorus and potassium, and a greater negative effect coefficient with the content of nitrogen in the fruit. Moreover, the sol- uble solid had the largest negative effect coefficient with nitrogen and largest posi- tive effect coefficient with calcium and iron in the fruit. [Conclusion] The maximum content of soluble solid and titratable acid were 1.5 times more than the minimum, and nitrogen, iron, zinc and boron were 6 times more than in the ＇Fuji＇ apple fruit in the different produce regions. Therefore, it is a key technological measure to improve the overall qualities of the ＂Fuji＇ apple by decreasing the content of nitrogen, and increasing the contents of iron, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the fruit.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Fruit Quality and Acidified Soil Chemical Properties in Yantai Orchard

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the improving effect of organic fertilizer on acidified soil as well as their effects on fruit quality and quantity in Yantai orchard.[Method] Plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer on fruit yield and quality of Red Fuji and chemical properties of acidified soil.[Result] The apple yield in acidified soil applied with organic fertilizer all increased.Under the application of biological organic fertilizer,the apple yield was higher,and it was 8.92% higher than that in the control group.Under the mixed application of chemical fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer,the growth and development of apple trees were improved,and the total soluble solid(TSS) content,vitamin C(Vc) content and TSS-acid ratio in mature apples all increased.The application of organic fertilizer significantly reduced soil acidity.Compared with those in the control group,the soil p H value,organic matter content and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content under the application of biological organic fertilizer were increased by 8.33%,15.10% and 30.80%,respectively.[Conclusion] The application of biological organic fertilizer could improve the yield of apple in acidified soil.

Effect of Different Calcium Levels on Growth,Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomatoes in Substrate Culture

Tomato seedlings were grown in substrate culture with pots. The formulation of Holland Greenhouse Horticulture Research Institute was used(as CK) and the effects of different Ca concentrations(LCa, CK and HCa)on growth, yield, and fruit quality(protein, Vitamin C, nitrates, organic acid and soluble sugar) of tomato were studied keeping concentrations of other nutrients unchanged in the nutrient solution. The results showed that parameters related to the growth of tomato(plant height and Stem diameter), changes of tomato yield per plant and quality of tomato fruits were the highest when the plants were grown at 20% Ca treatments. In the second study, increased EC concentrations of nutrient solution resulted in stronger plants with improved yields and quality. Four different concentration gradients of nutrient solution treatment were designed based on the results of the first research stage(EC=1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 m S/cm, respectively). The single tomato plant had the highest production which is 2 268.994 g/plant, when the nutrient solution strength was at EC=1.5 m S cm, whereas they have the best fruit quality when the solution strength at EC 4.5 m S/cm. This suggests the need for wide popularization of the nutrient solution formula in large areas to improve the tomato production.

Effects of Cold Storage on Quality Traits of Sardinian Myrtle （Myrtus communis L.） Berries and Their Alcoholic Extracts

Myrtus communis L. is a spontaneous aromatic plant typical of the Mediterranean area. Myrtle berries hydrodistilled products and ethanolic extracts are mainly used as flavouring agents and food supplements. This study evaluated the effect of long-term storage on the quality-related properties of myrtle berries. Storage at 2 ~C for three months effbctively preserved myrtle berries quality, both in the chemical composition and external appearance. No symptoms of chilling injury and decay occurred during the first two months of storage, at the end of storage only the 1.3% of rotting was detected. Total anthocyanic content and anthocyanin glycosides diminished whereas the antioxidant capacity increased in all samples till the end of storage. The antioxidant properties of myrtle berries were not correlated with the anthocyanic fraction. The pH of myrtle berries decreased, while gluconic acid levels increased. The results reported in this paper showed that the storage at 2 ~C for three months appears to be an effective way to preserve myrtle berries quality. The changes in the chemical composition of the fruits subjected to storage had revealed the importance of gluconic acid and pH for myrtle quality assessment. These two parameters can be used as quality markers since a strong relationship has been found between myrtle decay and the changes in these parameters,

Characteristics of Fruit Quality of Peach Cultivars and Hybrids in the Steppe Crimea

The study of peach fruit quality and biochemical composition of cultivars and hybrids were conducted in terms of the steppe zone of Crimea. A total of 40 cultivars and hybrids from five periods of ripening were analyzed for content of basic biochemical components： solids, sugars, acids, polyphenolic compounds and vitamin C. The main fruit quality parameters： the size, the attractive appearance, the consistency flesh, the stone adherence to flesh, taste and others have been evaluated. As a result of studies peach cultivars with a high content of sugar in the fruit under the steppe Crimea have highlighted： Kremlyovskiy （13.6）, Regina （13.2）, Velvet （12.9）, hybrids C7/38 （13.1） and C4/57 （12.9）. Cultivars and hybrids of peach 10607, C1/227 C7/38, C7/6, C8/162, C4/147, C16/87, C4/64, Early Red Haven, Miorita, 7/221, Kremlyovskiy, 10848 are characterized by the best biochemical and morphological indices of fruits. They are recommended for State cultivar testing or use in breeding work to improve the quality of peach fruits.