Molecular actions guiding neural regeneration in planarian

Planarian is among the simplest animals that possess a centralized nervous system （CNS）, and its neural regenera- tion involves the replacement of cells lost to normal ＇wear and tear＇ （cell turnover）, and/or injury. In this review, we state and discuss the recent studies on molecular control of neural regeneration in planarians. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of genes in intact and regenerating planarian CNS have already been described relatively clearly. The bone morphogenetic protein （BMP） and Wnt signaling pathways are identified to regulate neural regeneration. During neural regeneration, conserved axon guidance mechanisms are necessary for proper wiring of the nervous system. In addition, apoptosis may play an important role in controlling cell numbers, eliminating unnecessary tissues or cells and remodeling the old tissues for regenerating CNS. The bilateral symmetry is established by determination of anterior-posterior （A-P） and dorsal-ventral （D-V） patterns. Moreover, neurons positive to dopamine, serotonin （5-HT）, and gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA） have been detected in planarians. Therefore, planarians present us with new, experimentally accessible contexts to study the molecular actions guiding neural regeneration.

OPTIMIZATION OF AIRPORT TAXIING PLANNING DURING CONGESTED HOURS BASED ON IMMUNE CLONAL SELECTION ALGORITHM

In order to ease congestion and ground delays in major hub airports, an aircraft taxiing scheduling optimization model is proposed with schedule time as the object function. In the new model, the idea of a classical job shop-schedule problem is adopted and three types of special aircraft-taxi conflicts are considered in the constraints. To solve such nondeterministic polynomial time-complex problems, the immune clonal selection algorithm（ICSA） is introduced. The simulation results in a congested hour of Beijing Capital International Airport show that, compared with the first-come-first-served（FCFS） strategy, the optimization-planning strategy reduces the total scheduling time by 13.6 min and the taxiing time per aircraft by 45.3 s, which improves the capacity of the runway and the efficiency of airport operations.

从唐宋宰相概念论君主支配模式

中国古代官制中本无"宰相"称号,故对宰相概念的讨论应先于实在的宰相制度。唐代杜佑《通典》之"宰相"条、北宋《册府元龟》之"宰辅部"所展现的唐宋宰相概念的基本要素有二:一是"枢机",即"近要之官";二是"总统",即统摄百官百司。二者之中,又以"枢机"为基础。实际上,唐与北宋君主的枢机不限于宰相,还包括学士、宦官、佞幸等,他们共同构成君主支配天下的关键设置。枢机制与委托制,可谓中国古代君主支配天下的两种基本模式。

Overview of researches on central action mechanism of needling Zusanli(ST 36)

The contents about the central action mechanisms of needling Zusanli（ST 36） were sorted by summarizing the relevant literatures published in the past 10 years, and it was found that： by comparing acupuncture at Zusanli（ST 36）, other acupoints or sham points, most studies showed that Zusanli（ST 36） had relatively specific characteristics in the brain function response; studies on the central action mechanisms of Zusanli（ST 36） were mainly focused on sequelae of cerebral apoplexy, pain, gastrointestinal diseases, weight loss and drug addiction withdrawal and so on; acupuncture manipulations, stimulation methods, individual differences, stimulation quantity, and stimulation duration, etc. could also induce different brain function responses; acupuncture at Zusanli（ST 36） had an after-working effect, also called long-term effect, but with poor repeatability. So, it was suggested that the future studies should focus on the factors that affect the clinical efficacies and experimental results, including the compatibility effects of the acupoints, reproducibility of research results, sample size, acupuncture methods, long-term effects and disease entities.

Observation on the efficacy of moxibustion for chronic gastritis and a clinical study of moxibustion's effects on serum brain-gut peptides

Objective： To investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of moxibustion-based treatment of chronic gastritis （CG）, and to provide an objective basis for treating CG using moxibustion. Methods： A total of 61 CG patients were divided into an herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group and a mild-warm moxibustion group. In both treatment groups, bilateral Tianshu （ST 25）, Zhongwan （CV 12） and Qihai （CV 6） were selected for moxibustion. Before and after treatment, all the enrolled patients＇ gastrointestinal disease-related traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores and visual analog scale （VAS） scores were measured, and the changes in the serum levels of the brain-gut peptides ghrelin, somatostatin （SS） and motilin （MTL） were observed. Results： There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the clinical efficacy rate （P〈0.05）. After treatment, the gastrointestinal disease-related TCM syndrome scores and VAS scores were reduced to varying extents in both groups, the intra-group differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.01）. In both groups, the serum levels of ghrelin and MTL increased and the serum levels of SS decreased after treatment （all P〈0.01）. And there were no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion： Both herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion and mild-warm moxibustion are effective for CG, these two therapies exhibited similar therapeutic efficacy of epigastric discomfort or pain. And both the two therapies act to anti-inflammation, promote the recovery of gastric mucosa and improve the gastric motility, which is possibly their crucial action mechanism in treating CD.