枪速对热障涂层组织性能及残余应力的影响

为了研究等离子喷涂制备热障涂层(TBCs)时不同枪速对陶瓷面层组织性能和残余应力的影响,在GH4169高温合金基体上采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)Ni Co Cr Al Y粘结层(BC层)和大气等离子喷涂(APS)8YSZ陶瓷层(TC层).通过对比不同参数样品的微观组织以及显微硬度、残余应力和热震性能差异,研究了枪速对热障涂层的影响.结果表明:枪速过低或过高时,涂层表面残余应力较大,热震性能较低;随着枪速的增大,涂层表面粗糙度逐渐增大,而孔隙率和显微硬度逐渐减小;枪速过低时,涂层出现纵向裂纹,热震失效方式为整体剥落;而枪速较大时,涂层从边缘向中心不断剥落,涂层表面出现白点.

Biomechanical characteristics of an anterior cruciate ligament injury in javelin throwing

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of an anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） injury in javelin throwing and javelin throwing techniques relevant to this ACL injury. Methods： The patient in this study was an elite female javelin thrower who completed the first three trials and sustained a non-contact ACL injury on her left knee in the fourth trial of javelin throwing during a recent track and field meet. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected in the injury and non-injury trials. The kinematic data of 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers were obtained from a javelin throwing biomechanical database. Results： The patient had greater forward center of mass velocity and less vertical center of mass velocity after the first 25% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The patient had less left knee flexion angle and angular velocity but similar left knee valgus and internal rotation angles during the first 21% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The video images showed an obvious tibia anterior translation at the 30% of the delivery phase in the injury trial. The left knee flexion angle and angular velocity at the time of the left foot landing and the maximal left knee flexion angle during the delivery phase were not significantly correlated to the official distance for 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers. Conclusion： The ACL injury in this study occurred during the first 30% of the delivery phase, most likely during the first 25% of the delivery phase. A stiff landing of the left leg with a small knee flexion angle was the primary contributor to this injury. Javelin throwers may have a soft left leg landing with a flexed knee, which may help them prevent ACL injuries without compromising performance.

Investigations of Spray Painting Processes Using an Airless Spray Gun

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on spray painting processes by using airless spray guns for ship painting. A computational fluid dynamics code was applied to calculate the flow field and the droplet trajectories. Droplet size distributions and droplet velocities as necessary inlet characteristics for the simulations were experimentally obtained using a Spraytec Fraunhofer type particle sizer and laser-Doppler anemometry. Effects of shoreline winds and painting distance on the transfer efficiency and on the paint film thickness distributions on the target were numerically studied.