恶性肿瘤化疗患者医院感染分析

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤患者发生医院感染的易患因素。方法 对近 3年来我科收治的恶性肿瘤患者中发生医院感染的 1 5 2例次作回顾性分析。结果 医院感染率 2 9 0 8% ,感染部位以呼吸系统为主 ,老年人、白细胞下降、各种介入性操作、长期住院、晚期肿瘤患者是易患因素。结论 为减少恶性肿瘤化疗患者医院感染的发生 ,必须重视合理使用现代医疗技术 ,密切监测白细胞数量 。

Adeno-associated virus-mediated heme oxygenase-1 gene transfer suppresses the progression of micronodular cirrhosis in rats

AIM： To test the hypothesis that enhancement of the activity of heine oxygenase can interfere with processes of fibrogenesis associated with recurrent liver injury, we investigated the therapeutic potential of over-expression of heine oxygense-1 in a CCl4-induced micronodular cirrhosis model. METHODS： Recombinant adeno-associated viruses carrying rat HO-1 or GFP gene were generated, 1×10^12 vg of adeno-associated viruses were administered through portal injection at the time of the induction of liver fibrosis. RESULTS： Conditioning the rat liver with over-expression of HO-1 by rAAV/HO-1 significantly increased the HO enzymatic activities in a stable manner. The development of micronodular cirrhosis was significantly inhibited in rAAV/HO-1-transduced animals as compared to controls. Portal hypertension was markedly diminished in rAAV/HO-1-transduced animals as compared to controls, whereas there are no significant changes in systolic blood pressure. This finding was accompanied with improved liver biochemistry, less infiltrating macrophages and less activated hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） in rAAV/ HO-1-transduced livers. CONCLUSIONS： Enhancement of HO activity in the livers suppresses the development of cirrhosis.

Hydrodynamics based transfection in normal and fibrotic rats

AIM： Hydrodynamics based transfection （HBT）, the injection of a large volume of naked plasmid DNA in a short time is a relatively simple, efficient and safe method for in vivo transfection of liver cells. Though used for quite some time, the mechanism of gene transfection has not yet been elucidated. METHODS： A lucJferase encoding plasmid was injected using the hydrodynamics based procedure into normal and thioacetamide-induced fibrotic Sprague Dawley rats. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images were taken. The consequence of a dual injection of Ringer solution and luciferase pDNA was followed. Halofuginone, an anti collagen type I inhibitor was used to reduce ECM load in fibrotic rats prior to the hydrodynamic injection. RESULTS： Large endothelial gaps formed as soon as 10＇ following hydrodynamic injection; these gradually returned to normal 10 d post injection. Hydrodynamic administration of Ringer 10 or 30 m prior to moderate injection of plasmid did not result in efficient transfection suggesting that endothelial gaps by themselves are not sufficient for gene expression. Gene transfection following hydrodynamic injection in thioacetamide induced fibrotic rats was diminished coinciding with the level of fibrosis. Halofuginone, a specific collagen type I inhibitor, alleviated this effect. CONCLUSION： The hydrodynamic pressure formed following HBT results in the formation of large endothelial gaps. These gaps, though important in the transfer of DNA molecules from the blood to the space of Disse are not enough to provide the appropriate conditions for hepatocyte transfection. Hydrodynamics based injection is applicable in fibrotic rats provided that ECM load is reduced.

H pylori eradication:A randomized prospective study of triple therapy with or without ecabet sodium

AIM: To investigate whether adding ecabet sodium to the standard triple therapy for H pylori infection improve eradication rate. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-seven H pylori-infected patients were randomly assigned to standard triple therapy (group A, n = 129) or triple therapy plus ecabet sodium (group B, n = 128). Successful eradication was defined as a negative 13C-urea breath test 6-8 wk after completion of treatment. RESULTS: After completion of therapy, 194/257 patients showed negative 13C-urea breath test results. According to intention-to-treat analysis, the infection was eradicated in 93/129 (72.1%) patients in group A and 101/128 (78.9%) in group B (P = 0.204). Per-protocol analysis showed successful eradication in 93/118 (78.8%) patients from group A and 101/114 (88.6%) from group B (P = 0.044). There were no significant differences in the side effects experienced by the patients in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the addition of ecabet sodium improves the efficacy of the standard triple therapy for H pylori.

Genistein sensitizes ovarian carcinoma cells to chemotherapy by switching the cell cycle progression in vitro

Objective:To address how genistein sensitizes the chemotherapy-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells and promotes apoptosis in the respect of cell cycle and the regulation of survivin expression in the process.Methods:Ovarian SKOV-3 carcinoma cell line was treated with genistein or cisplatin either alone or in combination.Cell viability was showed by MTT method.Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.Survivin mRNA and protein were revealed by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry,respectively.Results:Genistein could reduce the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner,while cisplatin did so at a much higher level.In contrast,if the two agents were treated in combination,half growth inhibition(IC50) value for cisplatin was reduced remarkably and the effect was synergistic as analyzed by isobologram.In particular,the reduced cell viability was exhibited by a switch in cell cycle progression,as the cells were arrested in G2/M phase and the G0/G1 phase-fraction was significantly decreased.The reduced cell viability appeared to involve apoptosis,based on our results from flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining.In the meanwhile,genistein performed the inhibitory effect on cisplatin-induced survivin expression.Conclusion:Genistein can sensitize ovarian carcinoma cells to cisplatin therapy with the inhibition of survivin expression as the potential mechanism.

Does protracted antiviral therapy impact on HCV-related liver cirrhosis progression?

AIM: To study the outcomes of patients with compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. METHODS: Twenty-four grade A5 and 11 grade A6 of Child-Pugh classification cirrhotic patients with active virus replication, treated for a mean period of 31.3 ± 5.1 mo with moderate doses of interferon-alpha and ribavirin, were compared to a cohort of 36 patients with similar characteristics, without antiviral treatment. Salivary caffeine concentration, a liver test of microsomal function, was determined at the starting and thrice in course of therapy after a mean period of 11 ± 1.6 mo, meanwhile the resistive index of splenic artery at ultra sound Doppler, an indirect index of portal hypertension, was only measured at the beginning and the end of study. RESULTS: Eight out of the 24 A5- (33.3%) and 5 out of the 11 A6- (45.45%) treated-cirrhotic patients showed a significant improvement in the total overnight salivary caffeine assessment. A reduction up to 20% of the resistive index of splenic artery was obtained in 3 out of the 8 A5- (37.5%) and in 2 out of the 5 A6- (40%) cirrhotic patients with an improved liver function, which showed a clear tendency to decrease at the end of therapy. The hepatitis C virus clearance was achieved in 3 out of the 24 (12.5%) A5- and 1 out of the 11 (0.091%) A6-patients after a median period of 8.5 mo combined therapy. In the cohort of non-treated cirrhotic patients, not only the considered parameters remained unchanged, but 3 patients (8.3%) had a worsening ofthe Child-Pugh score (P = 0.001).CONCLUSION: A prolonged antiviral therapy with moderate dosages of interferon-alpha and ribavirin shows a trend to stable liver function or to ameliorate the residual liver function, the entity of portal hypertension and the compensation status at acceptable costs.

Granular cell tumor of the urinary bladder: A case report

We reported a case of a GCT of the urinary bladder and review the literature.A 23-year-old female presented with dysuria that had lasted for the previous 6 months.MRI revealed a 3×2.5 cm global mass in the anterior wall of urinary bladder.Cystoscopy showed a semispherical tumor approximately 3 cm in diameter that was covered with normal bladder mucosa and extended from the bladder neck to the anterior wall of the bladder.The patient underwent transurethral resection of the tumor.Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining showed a granular cell tumor(GCT).There were no features suggesting a malignant phenotype.On 6 months follow-up,the patient has remained free of bladder recurrence.We recommend careful pathologic assessment for establishing the appropriate diagnosis and either a conservative or aggressive surgical treatment for benign or localized malignant GCT of the urinary bladder,respectively.

Up-regulation of Raf kinase inhibitor protein enhances chemosensitivity of cervical cancer cell

Objective： The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of up-regulation of Raf kinase inhibitor protein （RKIP） on the chemosensitivity of cervical cancer Hela cells. Methods： Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1（±）-ssRKIP containing human overall length RKIPcDNA was transfected into cervical cancer Hela cell by lipofectin assay, establishing a stable cell line containing a target gene by G418. Expression of RKIP in Hela cells was measured by Western blot analysis. After treatment with cisplatin of different concentrations and intervals of time, the effect of RKIP on the proliferation of Hela cells was evaluated by MTT method. The flow cytometry was used to investigate whether the RKIP could inhibit apoptosis in Hela cells induced by cisplatin. Results： The expression of RKIP in Hela cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-ssRKIP was increased obviously. After different concentrations of cisplatin treatment cells for 24, 48 and 72 h, the growth inhibition rate in Hela cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-ssRKIP was significantly higher than in control cells （P 〈 0.05）. With 5 pg/mL cisplatin treatment for 24 h, pcDNA3.1-ssRKIP-transfected Hela cells had an obviously higher percentage of apoptosis （23.2 ± 0.24）% than non-transfected cells （12.4 ± 0.31）% and empty vector-transfected cells （13.4 ± 0.47）%. Without treatment of cisplatin, the percentage of apoptosis for Hela cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-ssRKIP was （5.7 ± 0.12）%, which was still higher than those of the non-transfected cells （2.9 ± 0.21）% and empty vector-transfected cells （3 ± 0.08）%. Conclusion： Higher expres- sion of RKIP gene can improve chemosensitivitv of cervical cancer Hela cells to cisplatin.

Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis following cytotoxic chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer

Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis(FCH) is a variant of viral hepatitis reported in hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infected liver,renal or bone transplantation recipients and in leukemia and lymphoma patients after conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy.FCH constitutes a well-described form of fulminant hepatitis having extensive fibrosis and severe cholestasis as its most characteristic pathological findings.Here,we report a case of a 49-year-old patient diagnosed with small-cell lung cancer who developed this condition following conventional chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.This is the first reported case in the literature of FCH after conventional chemotherapy for a solid tumor.In addition to a detailed report of the case,a physiopathological examination of this potentially life-threatening condition and its treatment options are discussed.

Treating dye wastewater by TiO_2 coated on coal cinder

We investigated the photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater by using titanium dioxide （TiO2） coated on a coal cinder. The coal cinder was used as the carrier, with a thin film of TiO2 coated on it by using the sol-gel method. Using the Congo red as the model pollutant for dye wastewater, we studied the decolorization efficiency, and effects of TiO2 film thickness and roasting temperature on the efficiency. We also evaluated the recycling and regeneration of the immobilized TiO2 （TiO2/cinder）. Results show that the decolorization rate of Congo red solution was more than 98% after 2.h treatment when we used TiO2/cinder calcined at 500 ℃ for 2 h and coated four times as the photocatalyst. At the same time, the TiO2/cinder remained high catalytic activity after being reused and regenerated for many times.

Effective Treatment of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Soil by Hydrogen Peroxide in Soil Slurries

Trichloroethylene （TCE）, as one of the most common chlorinated organic compounds in soils and aquifers at many industrial sites, is carcinogenic and often recalcitrant in environment. TCE degradation in artificially contaminated soil samples was conducted using Fenton-like processes, i.e., by addition of excess hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）. H2O2 could directly oxidize TCE without addition of ferrous iron in contaminated soil. Under the optimal condition （H2O2 concentration of 300 mg kg^-1, pH at 5.0, and reaction time of 30 rain）, the removal efficiency of TCE in the soil was up to 92.3%. When the initial TCE concentration increased from 30 to 480 mg kg^-1 in soil, the TCE removal rates varied from 89.2% to 86.6%; while the residual TCE in soil ranged from 2.28 to 47.57 mg kg^-1. Results from successive oxidations showed that the TCE removal rate with the TCE concentration of 180 mg kg^-1 increased slightly from 91.6% to 96.2% as the number of successive oxidation cycle increased from one to four. Therefore, increasing the frequency of H2O2 oxidation was perhaps a feasible way to increase TCE removal rate for TCE-contaminated soil.