齐齐哈尔市“十一五”期间环境空气质量评价及对策的研究

本文运用年度空气质量级别、空气污染指数、综合污染指数对齐齐哈尔市"十一五"期间环境空气质量进行了评价,指出本地区环境空气污染特征及影响环境空气质量的主要原因,提出改善空气环境质量的对策。

THE CHARACTERISTIC OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN LINGDINGYANG ESTUARY

Hydrologic features, load of main pollutants and current condition of water quality in Lingdingyang Estuary are discussed by references and monitoring data. Affected by topography, runoff and tide, its dynamic condition is very complicated. Different water areas have different hydrologic features. The topography under the water of Lingdingyang Estuary is higher in the northwest than that in the southeast. The shoal alternates with the deep trough within the bay .The distribution of the salinity and the contents of the mud and the main pollutants tally with the topography tendency. Change in water quality goes through four stages. Current condition of water quality is fairly good. Inorganic nitrogen is the primary pollutant, and then phosphorus. Rich in nutrition of nitrogen and phosphorus become a more and more prominent problem.

Petroleum Hydrocarbon Distribution Features in Water and Sediment off Fujian Shore

This study on the distribution features of petroleum hydrocarbon in water and sediment off the Fujian shore using data obtained from the baseline research on oceanic contamination in Fujian showed that: during the research period, petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in water varied from 5.77 μg/L to 37.28 μg/L, averaged 14.48 μg/L; was lower in the wet season than in the dry season; and was highest in the Minjiang Estuary and Jiulong Estuary in both seasons. The petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in shore sediment varied from 14.48 mg/kg to 784.36 mg/kg, averaged 133.3 mg/kg, and was closely related to sediment types (granularity).

The Relationship between Polarographic Reduction Potentials and Discharge Properties of Disperse Dyes

The half-wave potentials of disperse dyes with different structures are measured, the relationship between half-wave potentials and their discharge properties is discussed, then their effect factors are studied, such as the chemical structure types and substituents of disperse dyes and technological parameters. The results indicate that the half-wave potentials of disperse dyes when reduced could be used to characterize their reducing and discharge properties.

Seasonal variation in imposex intensity of Thais clavigera

Imposex, specifically caused by TBT pollution, refers to the superimposition of male sexual characteristics in gastropod females. Seasonal variation of imposex intensity in Thais clavigera from both slightly and severely contaminated sites in Hong Kong waters was studied from 1988 to 1999. The male penis length showed significant difference between both sites and seasons. It was shortest during late autumn and early winter (October to December) and longest during spring and early summer (February to June). Female penis length also showed significant difference between sites. It did not change seasonally, however. The RPS (Relative Penis Size) index was the highest during autumn and early winter, and the lowest during spring and early summer. The VDS (Vas Deferens Sequence) index remained stable throughout the sampling period. This study showed that VDS index is a better indicator when we compare relative intensity of imposex. The comparison can only be meaningful provided the samples from different locations are taken during the same season.

Minor Morphological Features in Maria Archeological Ruins Using Thin Section Analysis

Maria sites are important historical sites, backing to the Byzantine period. The sites suffer from weathering noted as honeycomb, exfoliation and discoloration with white salt efflorescence at some parts. These are diagnostic features for salt weathering as confirmed by the laboratory investigations using thin section analysis. The salt is found to be from three sources, namely, water spray, chemical alteration of the mortar＇s carbonate content into sulfate salts by acid rain, and wet deposition of air pollutants on the surface of the stones ruins. The cracks noted in the structures of this archeological building are the results of landslides in this area. Knowledge of the archeological sites material examined can be greatly enhanced by understanding the process in their formation of degradation. This paper aims to describe the use of thin sections/micromorphology in the archeological sites. Analysis data of physical sitting, geology, geomorphology, and climate have been done to determine the main nature of hazards in this sites. Dynamic processing problems are existing along Alexandria coast including beach erosion, pollution and manmade. Thin section analysis is used to determine the factor in increasing the hazard level.

Haze with Chinese residents＇ health problems

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, medium-sized cities face increasingly severe, fog and haze increase, the heavy air pollution concentration, which caused acute health problems such as irritation and cardiovascular diseases caused widespread concern in the community. Most scholars believe that the haze is toxic and harmful gases; particulate matter and other pollutants together lead to reduced visibility as the main manifestation of the phenomenon of air pollution. Population health effects caused by the haze have been proven in many studies. The system summarizes the polluting haze weather physicochemical characteristics, introduced widely accepted definition of haze, haze hazard to residents and the proposed requirements.

Transportation characteristics of motor vehicle pollutants near Beijing typical expressway

As a major source of air pollution in urban areas, the motor vehicle exhaust has attracted more and more attention due to its growing amount and serious harm to human health. It is of benefit to the pollutant control to make clear the transportation characteristics of vehicle exhausts. In this paper, the transportation characteristics of vehicle exhaust pollutants are investigated by means of the on-site measurement based on a typical Beijing expressway-Badaling expressway （G6 state expressway）. The concentrations of CO, NOx, S02 and particles near the expressway were obtained, by which the variations of the particle num- ber and mass concentrations, as well as the gas pollutant volume concentrations in the vicinity of the roadways with the dis- tance from the expressway were fitted. The results show that the gas pollutant concentrations and particle concentrations de- crease almost exponentially with the distance from the expressway, which is helpful for the air pollutant database establish- ment and future pollution control in big cities.

Buildup characteristics of roof pollutants in the Shanghai urban area,China

The buildup of roof pollutants in an urban area of Shanghai, China was investigated by conducting 16 experiments between November 2007 and October 2008. Concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cd in runoff from three types of roof (concrete, aluminum and glass) exceeded USEPA National Recommended Water Quality Criteria. The solid/liquid partition of the selected metal elements was consistent for the three roof types: Al, Fe, Zn and Pb were present mainly in the particle-bound form, while the total loading of Cd was nearly 100% in the dissolved form. Atmospheric dry precipitation accounted for most of all pollutant loadings for all roof types, while roof material made only a minor contribution to the loadings. All pollutant accumulation rates except for COD showed a seasonal trend with peaks in spring (March^May) and winter (December^February) and troughs in summer (June^August) and autumn (September^November). Our results showed that a linear equation is the most reliable of commonly used buildup models to simulate the total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) buildup processes on aluminum roofs and glass roofs. This study provided novel information about roof runoff in Shanghai, China, in terms of pollution status, pollution source and pollutant buildup processes, thereby aiding in rainwater utilization and non-point pollution control.

Biosynthesis and combinatorial biosynthesis of antifungal nucleoside antibiotics

There is an urgent need for new antifungal agents to treat or combat fungal infection in humans and plants.Antifungal nucleoside antibiotics are an important family of natural products with distinctive structural features.Understanding their biosynthetic machinery is of great importance for the improvement of antibiotics titers.More importantly,it is a requisite for combinatorial biosynthesis to create hybrid nucleoside antibiotics.We herein focus on findings on the natural and designed biosynthesis of this important family of nucleoside antibiotics.

Effect of Groundwater Irrigation on Soil PAHs Pollution Abatement and Soil Microbial Characteristics:A Case Study in Northeast China

To evaluate the effect of groundwater irrigation on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) pollution abatement and soil microbial characteristics,a case study was performed in the Shenfu irrigation area of Shenyang,Northeast China,where the irrigation with petroleum wastewater had lasted for more than fifty years,and then groundwater irrigation instead of wastewater irrigation was applied due to the gradually serious PAHs pollution in soil.Soil chemical properties,including PAHs and nutrients contents,and soil microbial characteristics,including microbial biomass carbon,substrateinduced respiration,microbial quotient(qM),metabolic quotient(qCO2),dehydrogenase(DH),polyphenol oxidase(PO),urease(UR) and cellulase(CE) in surface and subsurface were determined.Total organic C,total N,total P,and available K were significantly different between the sites studied.The PAHs concentrations ranged from 610.9 to 6362.8 μg kg-1 in the surface layers(0-20 cm) and from 404.6 to 4318.5 μg kg-1 in the subsurface layers(20-40 cm).From the principal component analysis,the first principal component was primarily weighed by total PAHs,total organic C,total N,total P and available K,and it was the main factor that influencing the soil microbial characteristics.Among the tested microbial characteristics,DH,PO,UR,CE,qM and qCO2 were more sensitive to the PAHs stress than the others,thus they could serve as useful ecological assessment indicators for soil PAHs pollution.